Zakudya ndi zakumwa zimene ophunzira ali nazo patsiku la sukulu zimakhudza mwachindunji kadyedwe kawo, kayendetsedwe ka sukulu, ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Pamene kuli kwakuti zitsogozo za boma zonga ngati Lamba la Thanzi, Hunger-Free Kids Acts Act zimakhazikitsa miyezo ya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndi malamulo a kumaloko amene kaŵirikaŵiri amasankha mmene miyezo imeneyi imagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino ndi kaya ngati njira zabwinodi zimachotsa zomanga thupi. Mabungwe a sukulu, mabungwe a zaumoyo, ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo amagwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro wapamwamba, kukhazikitsa malamulo opereka ndalama, ndi maphunziro a za chakudya. Pamene opanga maluso a zapaleshoni ameneŵa akukhala ndi sayansi yopereka umboni ya zomanga thupi, amapanga malo abwino kumene zosankha zabwino. Nkhaniyi ikupenda njira zimene zimapanga kusintha m'ka m'masukulu, malamulo opindulitsa, ndi zopindutsira bwino, kuti ophunzira ayende bwino.

Maziko a Ukwati wa M’dzikolo pa Zakudya Zakusukulu

Malamulo a m'dzikolo amatumikira monga magwero a ntchito amene amatembenuza zonulirapo za chakudya ku machitachita a tsiku ndi tsiku m'sukulu. Mosiyana ndi malamulo a boma omwe angatenge zaka zambiri kukonzanso, malamulo a kumaloko angasinthidwe mwamsanga kuti asonyeze zinthu zofunika m’chitaganya, kutulukira, ndi kusintha kwa zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha sukulu chingatsatire lamulo limene limaletsa kugulitsa zakumwa zokodzera m'masukulu onse, kuphatikizapo pa zochitika za kusukulu, chiletso chimene chimadutsa pa miyezo ya boma ya Smart Sanacks. Malamulo ameneŵa amayambukira mwachindunji chakudya mwa kuyang'anira zimene zikuperekedwa m'madyerero, zimene zimagulitsidwa m'makina ogulitsa, ndi zimene zimaloledwa kukondwerera m'kalasi kapena kusungitsa ndalama.

Kuwonjezera apo, malamulo a m'deralo angathetse mavuto a za malo ndi zachuma amene amachititsa kuti chakudya chisawonongeke. M'madera otsika amene anthu amapeza chakudya chimene sapeza chakudya, malamulo akomweko angafune kuti masukulu aperekeko zinthu zawo zambiri kuchokera ku famu yakwawoko kapena kuti achite nawo ntchito za pa famu ya ku sukulu. Njira zimenezi sizimangothandiza kuti chakudya chikhale chopatsa thanzi komanso zimasonkhezeranso chuma cha m'dzikolo komanso kuti ophunzira aphunzire za kumene chakudya chawo chimachokera. Kusintha kwa maulamuliro a kumaloko kungachititse makampani a za m'dzikolo kudalira pa zakudya zimene amakonda pamene akutsatirabe sayansi ya kachipangizo kabwino.

Mbali Zazikulu za Kukhutiritsa Kwaukhondo wa M’malowo

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zimene zingathandize kwambiri kuti zinthu zimenezi zikhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Zakudya ndi Zakudya Zokwanira

Malamulo opindulitsa akusonyeza mlingo uliwonse wa chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha kusukulu ndiwo miyezo yoonekera bwino ya chakudya chilichonse ndi chakumwa zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pasukulu, kuphatikizapo makampani ogulitsa zinthu, masitolo a sukulu, ndi m'makampani a ma junja. Malamulo ogwira ntchito akusonyeza malire a shuga wowonjezereka, sodium, mafuta ochuluka, ndi ukulu wake, pamene akulimbikitsa mbewu zonse, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi maproteni opanda mafuta. USDA’S programs School Meal , koma malamulo akumeneko angapereke mfundo zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zina zachotsa mopambanitsa mabowonekedwe a mabodza kapena mapulo a galimoto omwe ali pansi pa pulogalamu ya galimoto.

Malamulo pa Makina Ogulitsa ndi Zakudya Zopanga Makampani

Ngakhale pamene chakudya cha kusukulu chikhala ndi njira zolimbitsira thupi, ophunzira kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi “zakudya zopinga . Zinthu zogulitsidwa kunja kwa ndandanda ya kafiteliya . Malamulo a m'malowo ayenera kuyang'anira kumene kuli chakudyachi ndi pamene chilipo. Njira zothandiza zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa maora ogulitsa magalimoto kuti athe pambuyo pa nyengo ya chakudya chamasana, kuchotsa makina ogulitsa kuchokera ku sukulu za pulaimale ndi zapakati, kapena kufuna kuti pafupifupi 50% ya zopereka za makina ogulitsa zikhale zopatsa thanzi.

Maphunziro a Zakudya Zopatsa Thanzi

Kadyedwe kokha sikangasinthe popanda kuyang'anira chidziŵitso ndi malingaliro amene amasonkhezera zakudya. Malamulo a kumaloko amagwirizanitsa malo okhala chakudya ndi kalasi mwa kukhazikitsa maphunziro a chakudya chopatsa thanzi amene ali oyenerera, a chikhalidwe, ndi kugwirizana m'nkhani zonga ngati thanzi, sayansi, ndi ngakhale masamu. Maphunziro ogwira ntchito asukulu amaphunzitsa maluso apamwamba monga kuŵerenga zizindikiro za chakudya, kulinganiza chakudya, ndi kuphika. Magawo ena ayamba kuphunzira maphunziro ozikidwa pa munda, kumene ophunzira amalima ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo amafunika, kenaka amakonza makhichi a sukulu, kupanga kadyedwe kamphamvu kamene kamathandiza kuti anthu azidya bwino.

Kuthandizana ndi Kulimbikitsana

Polikiti imene imayambitsidwa m'kudzipatula imayang'anizana ndi kutsutsa kapena kusoŵa kwa zinthu. Malamulo achipambano koposa akumalo amaphatikizapo makolo, aphunzitsi, ophunzira, oyang'anira sukulu, ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo a anthu kuyambira pachiyambi. Kumva kwapoyera, kufufuza, mabungwe a maphunziro, ndi kuyesayesa kwa ophunzira onse amathandizira kusonkhanitsa mfundo ndi kukulitsa kukhala ndi katundu. Pamene ziŵalo za m’mudzi zilingalira kuti mawu awo anamvedwa, iwo ali othekera kuchirikiza kukwaniritsa ndi kugonjera. Mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha Seattle mu kugated kukonzekera kukonza madyerero atsopano a pasukulu, zimene zimathandizira kusintha kwa kachitidwe kachitidwe kake, zimene zimawonjezera kulandira ndi kutaya chakudya.

Zotsatira Zochepa pa Umoyo wa Ophunzira ndi Kupeza Malo Ophunzitsira

Kuyesa komaliza kwa malamulo alionse a kumaloko kuli ngati kumawongolera zizindikiro za thanzi. Bungwe lomakulakula la kufufuza limasonyeza kuti masukulu okhala ndi malamulo a kadyedwe kabwino akuona kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe la ophunzira. Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu Journal of Academy of Nutrition ndi Dietetics kunapeza kuti ophunzira amene amapita ku sukulu za mayendedwe olimbitsa thupi a zakudya zopatsa thanzi akudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri 25% ndi 18% ocheperapo a ophunzira m’masukulu okhala ndi malamulo ofooka kapena opanda. Pambuyo pa chakudya, sukulu zimene zimapanga lipoti la kuchepetsa malamulo a thupi pakati pa ophunzira (BMI) okhoza kwambiri, makamaka amene anali onenepa kapena onenepa.

Zakudya zowonjezereka zimagwirizanitsanso ndi maphunziro abwino. Mabacteria a Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) amadziŵitsa kuti ophunzira athanzi ali ophunzira abwino, okhala ndi mayeso ambiri, osapezeka, ndi nkhani zochepetsedwa za makhalidwe abwino. Sukulu zimene zachotsa zakumwa za shuga ndi kuzilowa mmalo ndi madzi ndi mkaka wamafuta awona kuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa masana. Malamulo a kumaloko amene amatsimikizira kuti chakudya cha m’maŵa chilipo kwa ophunzira onse, kaya m’kalasi kapena mwa kugwiritsa ntchito yoyendera ndi kuyendetsa, zikuwonjezera ntchito ya zamaganizo ndi kuchepetsa zododometsa njala.

N’zofunika kuti, mapindu a malamulo amphamvu a kumaloko angokhala ku misewu ya sukulu. Pamene ophunzira azoloŵera kusankha zinthu zathanzi kusukulu, kaŵirikaŵiri amasonkhezera mabanja awo kusankha zogula ndi kadyedwe. Magulu ena anena kuti ana asukulu akuchuluka ndi ana awo atatengera malamulo a kadyedwe ka m'chigawo chonse. Kutayidwa kumeneku kumasonkhezera thanzi la anthu kubwereranso pa malonda, kupanga malamulo a sukulu kukhala maziko amphamvu a kukonza zakudya m’dziko lonse.

Otenga Mabuku Aakulu pa Ntchito ya Kayendetsedwe ka Ntchito ndi Kutsatira

Kumasulira lamulo kuchokera ku pepala kupita ku ntchito kumafuna kuyesayesa kogwirizana kwa osunga mipata yambiri, imodzi ndi imodzi yokhala ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi zisonkhezero. Makomiti a sukulu ali bungwe lalikulu la malamulo, ali ndi thayo la kuvomereza lamulo ndi zipangizo zoperekera ntchito. Otsogolera ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira kugonjera tsiku ndi tsiku, pamene oyang'anira ntchito ya chakudya ayenera kukonza zinthu zatsopano, ndi antchito a sitima. Aphunzitsi a m'kalasi amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pochirikiza mauthenga a chakudya, ndipo manesi a sukulu kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'ana zotsatira za moyo zimene zingadziŵitse madongosolo a kayendetsedwe.

Opereka chithandizo cha mankhwala a m'dzikolo ndi ofunika mofanana. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m'deralo angapereke chithandizo cha zomangamanga, chidziŵitso cha zaumoyo wa anthu, ndi kugwirizana kwa zopereka za ndalama. Mabungwe osapanga phindu monga Food America [ Heally Faod] imapereka malamulo othandizira ndi chichirikizo cha kulera. Mabungwe a aphunzitsi a makolo ndi mabungwe a ophunzira amatumikira monga oŵerengerana ndi otsimikizira kuti malamulo savomerezedwa komanso aphedwa mokhulupirika. Popanda thandizo limeneli, ngakhale malamulo olembedwa bwino angalephere chifukwa cha kusoŵa lamulo kapena chuma.

Munthu wina wogulitsa chakudya amene amanyalanyazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi wogulitsa chakudya. Policies amene amachotsa zinthu zotchuka koma zosayenera angasokoneze maunansi a ogulitsa, kuchepetsa ndalama zopindulira kapena ntchito zopitikitsira. Kupambana kwa ntchito m’madera ndi ogulitsa kusinthasintha, kupereka chithandizo cha zomangamanga zamakono zimene zimapatsa makampani ofunitsitsa kukhazikitsa zinthu zathanzi. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumachepetsa kusokonezeka ndi kumanga mzere woperekera zakudya zomanga thupi.

Kufufuza Njira Zomwe Zingayambitse Ntchito Zakumeneko

Kupenda zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko kukuunikira njira ndi zotsatirapo zogwirizana ndi malamulo ochirikiza chakudya cha kumaloko. Ku Chicago Public Schools, lamulo la 2010 lochotsa mkaka wokometsedwa ndi shuga wowonjezereka kuchokera ku sukulu zonse zoyamba. M’chaka chimodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka kwathunthu kunakhalabe kokhazikika, akumapereka lingaliro lakuti ana ana asintha zimene amakonda m’malo mokana kumwa mkaka wosasamalika. M’chigawocho analetsanso zakumwa zopatsa shuga kuchokera ku makina ogulitsa ndi kuzichotsa ndi madzi ndi madzi 100. Kufufuza kotsatira kunasonyeza kuchepa kwa 27% kwa ophunzira a shuga a pasukulu.

Ku California, District ya Los Angeles Aunity School inapanga “Healthy Beverage Resolution” mu 2018 imene inachotsa zakumwa zonse za maseŵera ndi zakumwa zamagetsi ku koleji . Lamulo linapangidwa mogwirizana ndi magulu a ophunzira omwe anachirikiza njira zabwino za madzi. Makina ogulitsa ndalama anachepa poyamba, koma m’zaka ziŵiri zokha anachuluka pamene ophunzira anagula madzi ambiri ndi mkaka wamafuta ochepa. Chigawocho chinayambitsanso mkupiti wa anthu wosonyeza kuti oseŵera ophunzira akugogomezera kuti madzi ndiwo njira yabwino koposa yochitira zinthu ndi kuchiritsa.

Zigawo zazing'ono zapezanso zotsatira zabwino. Chigawo cha Boulder School Valley ku Colorado chinatengera “Malamulo a Zakudya Zathu Zakudya za " zofunikira kuti 30 peresenti ya zonse zogulidwa zikhale zochokera kumaloko pofika 2025. Zimathandizana ndi mafamu a m’madera ndi malo a chakudya kuti apange njira yoperekera zakudya zatsopano zimene zimabweretsa zinthu zatsopano m’makhichini a sukulu. Zolemba zoyambirira zimasonyeza kuti ophunzira m’sukulu zimene zimatenga mbaliwo ali ofunitsitsa kuyesa ndiwo zatsopano, ndipo kugawana chakudya chamadyedwa kwawonjezeka ndi 12%, zimene zikusonyeza kuti chakudya chomangapo chikukopa ophunzira ambiri kuti adye chakudya cha kusukulu.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Komanso Zolepheretsa Zovuta

Ngakhale kuti pali umboni wochuluka ndi malo owala, malamulo a kumaloko amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zambiri zimene zingachepetse kugwira ntchito kwawo. Zoletsa za banki zapamwamba. Zopanga za mankhwala kaŵirikaŵiri zimagula zambiri kuposa njira zina zokonzedwa, ndipo sukulu zokhala ndi ndalama zambiri zothandizira chakudya zingavutike kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezereka popanda kukwera mtengo wa chakudya kapena kuchepetsa mbali zina. Mapepala ochokera ku USDA kapena maziko achinsinsi angathandize, koma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala okhazikika. Magawo opambana atenga njira zosiyanasiyana zosungira chakudya, monga kuphatikiza ndalama zosungidwa kuchokera ku zolipirira za mankhwala a shuga ndi kuwonjezera ndalama zothandizira kukumana ndi miyezo yapamwamba ya chakudya.

Vuto lina ndilo kukana kwa ophunzira ndi makolo amene azoloŵera njira zosayenerera. Masinthidwe amwadzidzidzi angayambitse kusokonezeka maganizo, makamaka ngati akuonedwa kukhala oletsa kapena opanda ulemu pa chosankha cha munthu. Kuchepetsa zimenezi, malamulo ogwira ntchito amaphatikizapo nyengo ya kusintha, kulola kuchepetsa zinthu zina panthaŵi ya zochitika zapadera, ndi ziletso ziŵiri zokhala ndi zotsatsatsa zopindulitsa. Kuyesa, kuphika, ndi mamediadia osonkhezera angasinthe anthu ozengereza kukhala ochirikiza.

Amalonda amasinthasintha zinthu akamachita mapangano a zinthu zamakono. Makampani ena ogulitsa angawopseze kuchotsa makina ngati sangathe kugulitsa zinthu zawo zopindulitsa kwambiri. Njira imodzi yachipambano ndiyo kukambirana mapangano amene amafuna mlingo wochepa wa zinthu zofunikira, mmalo mwa kuletsa zinthu zonse zosafunika. Ina ndi kuzungulira zopereka zopangidwa mwapang'onopang’ono kotero kuti ogulitsawo akhale ndi nthaŵi yopanga mizere yatsopano. Magawo okhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yopereka ndalama angawonjezerenso ndalama zawo zoyendera pamtengo wabwino ndi zinthu zaumoyo wabwino monga ma ferations .

Pomalizira, kusafufuza kwapachaka kungachepetse kukhazikika kwa lamulo. Popanda zolemba za nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi za kadyedwe, ziŵerengero za malonda, ndi zotsatira za thanzi, opanga malamulo alibe njira yodziŵira ngati lamulolo likugwira ntchito kapena likufunikira kukonzedwa. Kukhazikitsa madongosolo osavuta oyendera, monga malipoti a kafiteliya kapena kufufuza kwa pachaka kwa ophunzira, kumathandiza kusunga kuyang'anira ndi kupereka umboni wotetezera malamulowo ku zoyesayesa za mtsogolo kufooketsa. [[FLT: 0] World Health Organization (WHO:1] imalimbikitsa dongosolo la “Plan-Do-sdy-Actal project" kuti akonzere zowongolera zomanga thupi zopita patsogolo za sukulu.

Kuchuluka ndi Kusamalira

Kupima kwa mpikisano wa Robust nkofunika kuonetsa phindu la malamulo a kadyedwe ka m'dziko ndi kupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Makiyi a milingo amaphatikizapo kusintha kwa zakudya za ophunzira (kupimidwa mpaka maola 24 akukumbukira kapena maphunziro a chipinda chodyera), kukonza thupi (kujambula kochitidwa ndi manesi a sukulu), ndi zizindikiro za maphunziro (miyeso ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi mayeso oyezera). Mamilipiro a zachuma monga kuthandizira chakudya, ndalama zochokera ku à la carte , ndi chakudya choperekedwa ndi chidziŵitso cha ndalama zochirikizidwa.

Zigawo zambiri zimaphatikizaponso chidziŵitso cha qualitititis mwa kuchititsa magulu a ophunzira, makolo, ndi antchito a za chakudya. Nkhani zimenezi zimasonyeza matanthauzo osiyanasiyana, monga ngati chifukwa chake ophunzira angakane ndiwo zamasamba zina kapena mmene mandandanda a banja amathandizira madyedwe a chakudya chofisula. Kuphatikiza mfundo za quantitial ndi versitive kulola masukulu kukonza njira zawo zomwe zili ponse paŵiri zozikidwa pa umboni ndi chitaganya.

Kuchirikiza mphamvu ya kukhalitsa kumafuna kukhazikitsa lamulo kupyolera m'malamulo a chigawo, zigamulo za bungwe, ndi malongosoledwe a ntchito. Pamene malo a chakudya abwino akhala mbali ya DNA ya chigawo, amapulumuka kusintha kwa dongosolo kapena kulinganiza kwa bajeti. Kukula kwa akatswiri ogwira ntchito ya chakudya pa kuphika, maluso a mpeni, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa njira zopangira zinthu kumawapatsa mphamvu kukonzanso mwa malamulo. Malamulo a chaka ndi chaka ndi mfundo zosungitsa zinthu zosungitsa chakudya amatsimikizira kuti lamulolo likhalabe lothandiza monga ngati njira za chakudya, umboni wa sayansi, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a m'dzikolo ndi ofunika kwambiri kukonza malo abwino osungira chakudya m'sukulu. Amakwaniritsa mipata yotsala ndi miyezo ya boma, kuvomereza mwamsanga zosoŵa za anthu, ndipo angasinthidwe mofulumira kuposa boma kapena malamulo a dziko. Malamulo ogwira ntchito pamodzi ndi miyezo yopatsa chakudya chokwanira ndi ogulitsa, maphunziro opatsa thanzi, ndi kukhazikitsana kwa anthu. Umboni wa m'madera ambiri a sukulu umasonyeza kuti malamulo ameneŵa amachititsa kusintha kwa makhalidwe abwino a ophunzira, zizindikiro za thanzi, ndi zamaphunziro. Pamene kuli kwakuti mavuto otero monga kulephera kwa bajeti, kulephera kusintha, ndi kupenda zopinga, zingagonjetsedwe mwa kulinganiza zinthu zoyenera, kuwonjezera maluso, ndi kudzipereka kuwongolera zinthu zopitirizabe. Pamene anthu ambiri akuzindikira chisonkhezero chachikulu cha kusintha kwa chakudya m'maseŵera, kufunika kwa malamulo a m'dziko lakwathungo.