Table of Contents
M'zinthu zamakono zopanda ntchito, kukhoza kumvetsetsa nkhani ndi chidziŵitso nkovuta kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse. Kuphunzira kulemba ndi kulemba kumapatsa anthu mphamvu kuti agwirizane ndi anthu a m'dera lawo ndi kupanga zosankha za chidziŵitso.
Chifukwa Chake Kuphunzira Kumafunika Mwachangu
Kuphunzira ndi kulemba ndi kutha kumvetsa ndi kukhala ndi phande m'moyo wa anthu. Kumaphatikizapo chidziŵitso cha madongosolo andale zadziko, zoyenera ndi mathayo, ndi maluso ofunika kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoulutsira nkhani. M'nyengo imene kusocheretsedwa kungayende mofulumira kuposa chowonadi, anthu ayenera kusanthula mosamalitsa chidziŵitso chimene apeza tsiku ndi tsiku. Lipoti la Corporation on Truth Decay [[FLT] [1] limasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa maphunziro a boma ndi kuwonjezera kudalirana kwa ndale ndi kuchepa kwa zipani, kupanga malirowo kukhala apamwamba kuposa kale lonse.
Mapindu Omwe Amakhalapo Chifukwa Chodziŵa Kuŵerenga ndi Kuŵerenga
- Kupanga zosankha zopangidwa m'bokosi la boloti ndi m’moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
- Ntchito yotengamo mbali m'zochitika za democracy, kuyambira m'maholo a tauni kufikira pa zisankho za dziko
- [[ML:0] Kutsutsa mfundo zosalondola ndi projekiti zotsutsa chidziŵitso
- Kusuliza kolimbitsidwa [ kumene kumasamutsira kumbali zonse za moyo
- Kudzipereka kwa boma kwachitukuko , kuphatikizapo kudzipereka, kuyang'anira chitaganya,
Mbali za Maluŵa Odziŵa Kuŵerenga ndi Kuŵerenga
Kumanga anthu odziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga kumafuna chisamaliro ku malo angapo ogwirizana. aphunzitsi, akatswiri a nkhani, ndi atsogoleri a chitaganya ayenera kugwirira ntchito pamodzi kukulitsa maluso ameneŵa m’mibadwo yonse.
Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga: Maziko
Kuphunzira ndi kuwerenga ndi kupenda, kupenda, ndi kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Luso limeneli silingathe kuyendera malo ovuta kwambiri oulutsira nkhani masiku ano. Bungwe la Center for Media Likumasulira kuti ndi "zaka za zana la 21 zofikira maphunziro" zimene zimapereka maziko ofikira, kupenda, kupenda, ndi kupanga mauthenga osiyanasiyana.
Luso Lofunika Lolemba ndi Kulemba
- Mutu wosiyana: Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa nkhani, malingaliro, zolembedwa, ndi mabodza
- Bias kudziŵikitsa: Kuzindikira malingaliro, malonda, ndi kukondera kwa maganizo
- Kusanthula kowonekera:[[FLT :1] Kugwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zonga kuŵerenga kwapambuyo ndi kuyesa CRAAP (Kuyesedwa, Kuleva, Ulamuliro, Chifuno, Chilungamo, Chifuno)
- Kuzindikira Pursuasion: Kuzindikira njira zosafuna yankho, zokopa, ndi zotsalira zanzeru m'zotumizirana mauthenga
- Kuzindikira kwakuya: Kumvetsetsa zitsenderezo zachuma ndi za ndale zimene zimaumba kutulutsidwa kwa nkhani zoulutsidwa m'manyuzipepala
Chidziŵitso Chogwirizana: Malamulo a Boma ndi Madongosolo a Democratic
Chidziŵitso cha Civic chimaphatikizapo kuzindikira mmene boma limagwirira ntchito pa mlingo wa kumaloko, boma, ndi boma, limodzinso ndi zoyenera ndi mathayo a nzika. Kufufuza kwa pachaka kwa ANNtenberg Policy Communist Center nthaŵi zonse kumavumbula mipata yovutitsa maganizo ya chidziŵitso cha anthu pakati pa achikulire a ku Amereka, kuphatikizapo kusokonezeka ponena za manthambi atatu a boma ndi chitetezo cha First Amend Amendment.
Malo a Chidziŵitso Chozikidwapo
- Malo ndi ntchito ya boma lakumaloko, la boma, ndi la boma
- Njira za kulera kuphatikizapo maprim, masankho, ndi njira zolowera kuntchito
- Kupatsa anthu ufulu, kulembetsa, ndi kupezeka
- Zoyenera za Malamulo ndi mmene zimagwirira ntchito m’moyo watsiku ndi tsiku
- Makina othandizira anthu kuyankha kuwonjezera pa kuvota, monga ndemanga yapoyera, ntchito ya ujuli, ndi umbuli
Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Podziwa Zinthu
Pamene kuli kwakuti kuli kogwirizana ndi kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kulemba, makompyuta amasumika makamaka pa maluso ofunikira ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti muchite ndi madigitation . Stanford History Education Group' [[FLT: 0] imaphunzira mfundo za anthu pa Intaneti [ inapeza kuti ophunzira nthaŵi zonse amavutika kupenda kudalirika kwa zinthu za pa foni, kuchokera ku makampani oulutsira nkhani za makompyuta kuchirikiza zotsatirapo.
- Kumvetsa maajensi ndi mmene amaumbitsira zinthu zimene zikuonekera
- Kuzindikira zidutswa zozama, zithunzi zojambulidwa, ndi zoulutsira nkhani
- Kuchotsa kudalirika kwa zinthu zimene walemba
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kufunafuna chithunzi ndi mapuloteni owonjezera
- Kudziyeretsa pa Intaneti, kuphatikizapo kutsimikizira kaye zinthu zimene zachokera kwa anthu ena musanagawire ena
Zida Zothandiza Pomanga Kuphunzira
Pali zida ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza anthu ndi anthu wamba kuphunzira kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. Njira zogwira mtima kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphunzira zinthu mwaumwini ndi maphunziro olinganizidwa bwino.
Zida Zotulukira ndi Kutsimikizira Zinthu pa Intaneti
Mabungwe odalirika ofufuza mfundo za m'Baibulo amathandiza kwambiri potsimikizira kuti zimene afuna ndi zimene akuzimvetsa. Kusiyapo malo amene adziwika bwino, ziwiya zapadera zambiri zingathandize ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kuonetsetsa kuti adziwe zinthu:
- FactCCC.org. .[FLT :1] projekiti yosaimira boma la Annenberg Policy Center yomwe imatsimikizira kulondola kwa zonena zandale za United States
- PLATIFACT: Malo a Pulitzer Price-win amene amatchula kulondola kwa zinenezo zosankhidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu ena a ndale zadziko
- Snopes : Malo akale ndi aakulu koposa ofufuza mfundo pa intaneti, kuphimba nthano za m'mizinda, mphekesera za mavairasi, ndi zinenezo za ndale zadziko
- NewsGuard: Chiwonjezeko cha nyuzi ndi malo a chidziŵitso chozikidwa pa miyezo ya nyuzi
- Zenizeni: Chida chimene chimasanthula nkhani za m'nyuzi zodalira magwero, kalembedwe, ndi ukatswiri wa kulemba
Mabuku Opezera Chidziŵitso Odalirika
Kuti apeze chidziŵitso chozama cha boma, malo ochitiramo zilozero ndi zosungiramo zinthu zapamanja zoperekedwa amapereka chidziŵitso chodalirika:
- Ballottedia: Insaikulopediya ya ndandanda ya ndale zadziko za America, yophatikiza boma, chisankho, ndi ya kumaloko, miyeso yonga, ndi akuluakulu a boma
- Jote.org: [[FLT :1] A wovota ndi papulatifomu yosonyeza tsatanetsatane wa boma ponena za masiku osankha, zofunika, ndi njira
- USA.gov: University ya boma la United States, ikumapereka njira yachindunji ya mautumiki a boma, boma, ndi chidziŵitso cha kumaloko
- Propublica: Ilo lokhala ndi nyuzi zodziimira, zosapanga phindu limene limatulutsa nyuzipepala zolembedwa ndi kufufuza kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo masewero olemba ntchito za boma
Programu za Maphunziro ndi Curicula
Mipata yophunzira yokhazikika imathandiza ophunzira ndiponso achikulire mwadongosolo kukhala ndi mabizinesi odziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga m’malo osiyanasiyana:
- Msonkhano wa Dziko wa Maphunziro a Social: Umapereka chuma, miyezo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukatswiri K-12 kwa aphunzitsi kuphunzitsa maboma ndi mbiri yakale
- Ziwitso: [[FLT :1] zokhazikitsidwa ndi yemwe kale anali Woweruza wa Bwalo Lapamwamba Sandra Day O'Connor, zimapereka maseŵera aulere ndi makonzedwe a maphunziro omwe amaphunzitsa ophunzira za kutengamo mbali m’boma ndi m'boma
- Project yodziŵa kulemba ndi kulemba: Apanga zinthu zonga papulatifomu ya Checkology kuthandiza aphunzitsi kudziŵa chidziŵitso chodalirika ndi kuzindikira ntchito ya wailesi yaulere
- Khosue of Women Voters: Makhalidwe amaloza maphunziro a wovota, wofuna kutsata m'malo, ndi mapangano a boma m'dziko lonselo
- Kuphunzitsa Kulolera (tsopano Kuphunzira kaamba ka Chiweruzo): Imapereka ziŵiya zaufulu za maphunziro othandizira kupititsa patsogolo makalasi ndi kuchirikiza chilungamo cha mayanjano mwa kumvetsetsa kwa anthu
Maphunziro a Anthu Osiyanasiyana
Maphunziro a kulemba ndi kuŵerenga ayenera kuyenderana ndi misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, masitayelo a maphunziro, ndi mawu ake. Njira zothandiza zimasiyanasiyana kwa ophunzira K-12, ophunzira a ku koleji, anthu achikulire ophunzira, ndi magulu a anthu.
Kwa Aphunzitsi a K - 12
Aphunzitsi a m’kalasi ali ndi mwayi wapadera wokulitsa zizoloŵezi za moyo wonse za pangano la m’dzikolo ndi maganizo osuliza:
Kulemba Nkhani Zolembedwa ndi Zoulutsidwa
M’malo moona kuti kulemba ndi kulemba m'manyuzipepala ndi nkhani yongopeka, aphunzitsi a mbiri yakale angafufuze zolembedwa zikuluzikulu ndi zikalata zokopa. Aphunzitsi a ku England angafufuze njira zokopa potsatsa ndi polingalira. Aphunzitsi a sayansi angafufuze nkhani zokhudza thanzi ndi malo okhala. Njira imeneyi yoyendera yotsatirira mapulogalamu a sukulu imalimbikitsa maluso osiyanasiyana.
Manja pa Ntchito Zaudongo
Kuphunzira zinthu zodula kumakulitsa chidziŵitso ndi kuyambitsa pangano la ukwati lokhalitsa:
- Yesetsani kuyendetsa galimoto ya wophunzira yolembetsa
- Ogwira ntchito m’maholo a m’tauni oyerekezera kapena masankho onamizira
- Konzani mafunso ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa, atolankhani, kapena olinganiza chitaganya
- Muzifufuza nkhani za m’dera lanu monga malamulo a sukulu kapena kukonza malamulo a boma
- Pangani malo oulutsira nkhani m’kalasi amene amafalitsa bwino zochitika za kusukulu
Kuphunzira za Luso la Umisiri
Zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zingathandize anthu kuphunzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti kuti mutsatire nkhani zodalirika za m’manyuzipepala ndi za m’manyuzipepala
- Pemphani ophunzirawo kuti adziŵe ngati zinthu zilipodi
- Muziphunzira m’madera osiyanasiyana kuti muyerekezere nkhani za m’magazini a m’dera lanu
- Lembani njira zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera zimene anzanu akufuna kuchita
Kwa Ophunzira a kukoleji ndi Achinyamata
Maphunziro apamwamba amapereka mwaŵi wa kusanthula kozama ndi kukambitsirana nkhani zovuta:
- Maphunziro a kufufuza kwa masamu: m'maphunziro a m'manyuzipepala, sayansi yandale, kapena maphunziro a nyuzipepala amene amaphunzitsa njira zofufuzira ndi kufufuza kwa magwero
- Kuloŵetsedwamo kwa oulutsa nkhani: Manyuzipepala a m'makoleji, mawailesi, kapena mawailesi oulutsira mawu kuti mudziŵe nyuzi zoulutsidwa
- Mayanjano: funani mipata ya maofesi a boma, mabungwe osakhala apartistan, kapena malo oulutsira nkhani
- Malamulo a boma: Kutengamo mbali m'kukakamiza kulembetsa voti, makalabu, kapena magulu okambirana za malamulo
Kwa Achikulire Ophunzira ndi Anthu a M’chitaganya
Kumanga kulemba ndi kuŵerenga ndi ntchito ya moyo wonse. Achikulire angapitirizebe kukulitsa maluso awo mwa maprogramu odalira pa chitaganya ndi maphunziro odzitsogoza:
- Maprogramu a laibulale ya PNG: Laibulale zambiri zimagaŵira ma shopu aulere pa kuwerenga ndi kulemba kwa pa TV, kuyang'ana zinthu, ndi maluso a manambala
- Maphunziro a koleji a chivomerezo: Maphunziro osasinthika m'maphunziro a boma, boma lakumaloko, ndi kalingaliridwe kosuliza kaŵirikaŵiri kamapezeka
- Magulu a kusokonezeka: Agwirizana kapena kupanga magulu oŵerenga amene amasumika maganizo pa zochitika zamakono ndi kusanthula malamulo
- pangano la boma la kumaloko: Pitirani ku misonkhano ya bungwe la mizinda, kukonzekera mayeso, kapena magawo a bungwe la sukulu
- Mabungwe oulutsira zinthu: Atumikira pamabungwe akwanuko kapena makomiti kuti apeze malo enieni odziŵira ntchito yopanga zosankha
Kulimbana ndi Chidziŵitso Cholakwika ndi Kusadziŵitsidwa Bwino
Kumvetsa kusiyana kwa mfundo zabodza (zonama zosadziwika) ndi kutsutsa chinyengo (zonyenga) n’kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu athe kupeza njira zothetsera vutolo.
Kuzindikira Maluso Ofala
Amachita mafilimu oipa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zolembedwa bwino pofalitsa nkhani zabodza:
- Zolembedwa: Nthano zonyenga kotheratu zolinganizidwira kunyenga
- Zoulutsidwa: Kuleka kuchotsapo nkhani, mavidiyo okonzedwa bwino, kapena kukonza mwanjiru
- gwirizanitsiro: Kulengeza matchulidwe a mbiri kapena mabungwe
- projekiti yonyenga: Zokhalamo zenizeni zigawana ndi kujambula kosocheretsa kapena mahestamp
- Kuikizani mitu yankhani: mitu yankhani yochititsidwa ndi luntha kapena yosocheretsa imene imaipitsa zolembedwa za nkhaniyo
- Kusinthasintha kwa maganizo: Mawu okonzedwa kuti adzutse mkwiyo, mantha, kapena kusangalatsa kuti munthu asaganize molakwika
Kutsimikizira Kothandiza
Aliyense angatsatire njira zozikidwa pa umboni zimenezi kuti apende chidziŵitso bwino kwambiri:
- Kuŵerenga kwapanthaŵi yomweyo: Kutsegula matepi ambiri kufufuza magwero ndi kunena musanakhulupirire mbali iliyonse ya mawu
- Kufufuza magwero: Kufufuza amene anapanga zamkati, zikalata zawo, ndalama, ndi mandandanda
- Kuŵerenga kupyola mutu wankhani: Mupukutu kupitirira ndime yoyamba kumvetsetsa nkhani yonse ndi mfundo zenizeni
- Kutsimikizira deti: Nkhani zakale kapena ziŵerengero zimakonzedwanso ndi kusonyezedwa monga zamakono
- Kufunafuna kutsimikizira: Ngati nkhani iri yeniyeni, njira zodalirika zambiri zosonyezera zipereka umboni wofananawo
- Kusanthula kumbuyo kwa chithunzi: Kulambula zithunzi zokayikitsa ku Google Mafano kapena Tineye kuti apeze magwero ake oyambirira ndi mawu ozungulira
Ntchito ya Malaibulale ndi Mabungwe a Anthu
Malaibulale, malo osungira zinthu zakale, ndiponso malo osungirako anthu, ndi malo odalirika kwambiri omenyera nkhondo anthu odziwa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga, ndipo malo amenewa sathandiza anthu kuphunzira zinthu, kupeza zinthu zodalirika, ndiponso malangizo ochokera kwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchitoyi.
Mmene Malaibulale Amachirikizira Maphunziro Ophatikizana
- Muzikonza zinthu zodalirika zofufuzira nkhani
- Kuphunzitsa anthu kulemba ndi kuwerenga pa Intaneti, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zachitikadi
- Anthu opita ku malo oonetserako zionetsero, makambitsirano a anthu onse, ndi zochitika za maphunziro a boma
- Kuphunzitsa anthu pa Intaneti kwaulere
- Kugwira ntchito monga malo ochezera ndi anthu onse
Maprogramu Oyenera Kuwapenda
Malaibulale ambiri amapanga maprogramu atsopano amene amasamalira mwachindunji mipata ya anthu odziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. American Library Association’s Civic Initive imapereka masinthidwe ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri. Maprogramu osaiŵalika amaphatikizapo "Madia Libble Literacy" Lolemba, "Okonzeka" mpambo wa maphunziro a ovota, ndi "News Know - How" makalasi a achikulire.
Kuletsa Kugaŵanika kwa Mbadwo
Atsikana amavutika kwambiri ndi luso la zolembalemba komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Anthu achikulire akudziwa zambiri zokhudza mbiri yakale koma amavutika ndi luso lamakono lophunzitsa zinthu zatsopano.
Njira Zoyendera Amisinkhu Yaitali
Ana ndi achichepere (a zaka 8-18): Kusumika maganizo pa chidziŵitso cha anthu chamaziko, maluso osuliza, ndi manyuzi odalirika ogwiritsira ntchito mapulatifomu ophunzirira otchuka monga iCBIC ndi ntchito za m’kalasi zothandizira.
Anyamata achikulire (a zaka 18-30): [[FLT] Kugogomezera maphunziro ovota, mfundo zomvetsetsa, kuzindikira njira zotsutsira pa makompyuta a anthu, ndi kukulitsa zizoloŵezi za kukhala nzika yokangalika.
Adults (majini 30-65): [[FLT ] Kupereka maphunziro opitirizabe pa njira za boma lakwanuko, kupima kwa mlingo, ndi njira zopimira. Akulu ambiri amavomereza kuphunzira limodzi ndi ana awo.
Achikulire (65+): Mipata ya madigitation odziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga, kuthandiza kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti zaumoyo ndi zandalama, ndi kupanga malo otetezeka okambirana zochitika zamakono popanda kuweruza. Maprogramu a luso la foni ndi othandiza.
Kukulitsa Chikhalidwe cha Kuphunzira
Pamapeto pake, kudziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga sikungachitidwe mwa kuyesayesa kwa munthu payekha. Kumafunikira chikhalidwe chimene chimakhala ndi mapindu a kutengamo mbali, kufufuza kosuliza, ndi makambitsirano aulemu. Midzi, mabungwe oulutsa nkhani, sukulu, ndi mabungwe a boma onse ali ndi mbali zoseŵera m’kupanga malo kumene kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga kwa anthu kungathe kufalikira.
Zimene Anthu Angachite
- Mukhoza kukonza zoti muwerenge zinthu zolondola
- Ganizirani mkupiti wa anthu onse a m’mizinda yonse wa nkhani za kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga ndi kulemba ndi chidziŵitso chomveka bwino, chosavuta kupeza
- Gwiritsani ntchito nyuzipepala ndi oulutsa nkhani za m’dera lanu pofalitsa nkhani zofotokoza za m’magazini
- Zindikirani ndi kukondwerera zimene boma linachita, monga wovota wamkulu kapena ntchito zotchuka za m’chitaganya
- Malo okambitsirana a chiŵeniŵeni pazosiyana, monga ngati kulinganiza kapena kupenda
Zimene Aliyense Angachite
Munthu aliyense angachitepo kanthu kuti alimbitse luso lawo lodziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga ndi kuthandizira kuti anthu akhale odziŵa bwino zinthu:
- Phunzirani nkhani zosiyanasiyana zodalirika, kuphatikizapo njira zolankhulira
- Zilembeni ku nyuzipepala imodzi yofufuza mfundo kapena kutsatira macheke a zochitika pa wailesi ndi Intaneti
- Muzithandizana ndi mabungwe a boma, kaya mwa kudzipereka, kupereka zopereka, kapena kupezekapo
- Kambiranani ndi achibale anu ndiponso anzanu za mmene mungaonere nkhani, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zachinsinsi
- Kukayikira kofanana ndi kwina popanda kusuliza mwa kufunsa mafunso olingalira bwino mmalo mwa kunyalanyaza chirichonse
- Muzikambirana zinthu zotsimikizika ndiponso kuwongolera zinthu zolakwika zimene mwakumana nazo, mukumamverana chisoni ndiponso muzichita umboni
Kumaliza: Ntchito Yopitirizabe ya Demokrase
Kumanga kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kulemba si ntchito yanthaŵi imodzi koma yopitirizabe. Monga momwe chidziŵitso chimasinthira, ziŵiya ndi njira zimene timagwiritsira ntchito kumvetsetsa, kupenda, ndi kuloŵetsamo nkhani ndi chidziŵitso. Mwakuphatikiza chidziŵitso cha maziko ndi maluso opindulitsa, zodalira, ndi kulimbikitsa kudzipereka kwa anthu onse, tingalimbitse demokalase kuchokera kunthaka. Cholinga si kungokhala kungowononga chidziŵitso koma kukhala ndi phande m’moyo wa anthu amene amaumba tsogolo lathu. Kukwaniritsa ntchito za kudziko kumathandiza anthu kupanga zosankha zopindulitsa, kuchititsa zigwirizano, ndi kuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi mapangano abwino, kutsimikizira kuti democracyism ikhalabe yolimba ndi yolimba kwa mibadwo yambiri ikudza.