Kuwonjezeka kwa Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Kusintha kwa nyengo sikulinso chiwopsezo chachilendo; kuli kuipitsa moyo wa m’mizinda masiku ano padziko lonse. Kukwera kwa madzi, zochitika zoopsa, kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kusintha kwa mvula kukupangitsa kuti zinthu za mumzinda, zaumoyo wa anthu, ndi zachuma zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi bungwe la Interbeccovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), madera a m’matauni onse aŵiri akuthandizira kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya wa gasi ndipo ali pangozi ya kuwonongeka kwa nyengo. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti mizinda ikhale njira yaikulu yoyendera kutentha kwa dziko lonse.

Mamanejala a mizinda amaima pa maziko a ntchito imeneyi. Iwo amatembenuza zonulirapo zapamwamba za nyengo kukhala malamulo oyendera bwino, kusungitsa ndalama, ndi maprogramu a chitaganya. Udindo wawo wapadera . Osankhidwa kukhala akuluakulu a boma, akatswiri a zaluso, nzika, ndi anthu a m'chigawo chimodzi. Amawapatsa ulamuliro ndi udindo woyendetsa kusintha kwatanthauzo. Kumanga mizinda si vuto la luso lokha; kumafuna kugwirizanitsa uyang'aniro, kuona zinthu kwa nthaŵi yaitali, ndi kukhoza kulinganiza zinthu zofunika zopikisana ndi kusatsimikizirika. Nkhaniyi imapenda ntchito yomakulakula ya mamanitsa a mzindawo m'nyengo, njira zimene amagwiritsira ntchito, zopinga zawo, ndi zitsanzo zenizeni za chipambano zimene amayang'anizana nazo.

Chifukwa Chake Kusintha kwa Nyengo Kumafuna Kulinganiza Kwatsopano kwa M’matauni

Kukonzanso mizinda kunakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa zinthu, kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, ndi kutukuka kwa chuma, nthawi zambiri poganizira kwambiri za mavuto a malo okhala. Kusintha kwa nyengo kumene kumafika: kumachepetsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsako mfundo zonse zachigamulo. Kusintha kumaphatikizapo kusintha zinthu monga kumanga nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo, malamulo a zamwadzidzidzi, ndi mapulogalamu a chikhalidwe kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa nyengo. N’kosiyana ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko. Masinthidwe onsewa ndi ofunika kwambiri, koma makamaka mizinda imene yakhala ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kusintha: Mbali Ziŵiri za Khofi Imodzimodzi

Ngakhale kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi kumayambitsa kusintha kwa nyengo . Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kuyendetsa zinthu zonse pamodzi, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi chuma chochepa. Komabe, kusintha kumeneku kumapindulitsa kwambiri anthu a m’madera ena, monga kuchepetsa chigumula ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi kutentha, ndipo kumafunabe makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri ndi malo oziziritsira kutentha. Mabwana a mzindawo ayenera kupititsa patsogolo zinthu ziŵirizo pamodzi, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zinthu zokhala ndi ndalama zochepa. Komabe, kusinthaku kungabweretsere mapindu ambiri, ooneka bwino kwa anthu a m’deralo, monga kuchepetsa chigumula ndi kuchepa kwa matenda ogwirizana ndi kutentha, kupangitsa kuti zikhale chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa utsogoleri wa kumaloko.

Vuto la Zachuma la Kusintha Zinthu

Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu n’kodabwitsa. National Institute of Building Sciences ikuyerekezera kuti ndalama iliyonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito powononga zinthu zowononga imapulumutsa anthu madola 6 pobweza tsoka. Makampani, moto wa magetsi, ndi mphepo za mkuntho zachititsa kale mabiliyoni a madola kuwonongeka kwa mizinda ya U. . Kupanda kuwonongeka kwa katundu, kusokonezeka kwa nyengo kungasokoneze chuma cha m’dziko, kuwononga unyolo, ndi kuchotsa anthu a m'madera ena. Mabwana a mzinda amene amachirikiza kuyendetsa ndalama za kukonza ndalama za kampaniyo sakungoteteza moyo komanso amatetezanso thanzi lanthaŵi yaitali la makampani awo. Kulinganiza zinthu mochita zinthu kumakopanso malonda kukopa malonda, pamene makampani akufunafuna malo okhala ndi nyengo yolimbikitsa nyengo.

Mathayo Aakulu a Oyang’anira Mzinda M’kusintha kwa Nyengo

Mabwana a mizinda amavala zipewa zambiri, ndipo m’nthaŵi ya kusintha mkhalidwe wa nyengo mathayo awo amakula kukhala malo ovuta kwambiri.

  • Zolinganiza za Kusintha kwa Kachilombo ] – kupanga mapu ambiri osinthasintha a msewu omwe amalingalira madesi a nyengo ya kumaloko, kupenda kusokonezeka kwa malo, ndi zoloŵetsedwa. Zolinganiza ziyenera kukhala zachindunji, zokhoza kuulutsidwa, ndi zokonzedwa nthaŵi zonse pamene chidziŵitso chatsopano chituluka.
  • Kuyala ndi Kulimbitsa mphamvu [1] [1] – Kuwona malonda a zotetezera zosefukira (otsalira, malo opombera, malo ozungulira, malo obiriŵira (maluŵa, minda yamvula, madenga obiriŵira), ndi ma girini olimba. Zimaphatikizaponso malo olimbitsa thupi monga zipatala, malo osungira moto, ndi mafakitale opangira madzi.
  • Kukopa ndi Kuphunzitsa [FLT :1] – kuyendetsa ndawala za anthu, ma shopu okonzera mapulogalamu, ndi kupanga zipangizo zopezeka m'zinenero zambiri. Magulu ogwirizana angachirikize njira zosinthira ndi kutengera zochita za munthu aliyense.
  • Kupereka Ndalama Zopatuliridwa - Proting State arces (mt., FEMA’s Buildial Resient Infractive ndi Community pologation , programu ya Chigwirizano cha Community Development Grant – Disaster Resorence ), ndalama za boma zopilira, kugwirizana kwa magawo, ndi njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama zonga zomangira zobiriwira kapena zodziwirira.
  • Kugwirizana Kupyola A CPUPU ndi Ampatuko [1] – zoyesayesa zomangira makampani a chigawo, makampani a magetsi, akuluakulu a zoyendera, osapanga phindu, ndi ofufuza zamaphunziro. Kusintha kwa nyengo kuli kwachibadwa kudutsa chigawo cha nkhondo; dongosolo la madzi a mkuntho sililemekeza malire a mizinda.
  • Kusintha Kayendedwe ka Mtsempha ku Zotsatira za Tsiku ndi Tsiku [1] – Kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi za nyengo, zipangizo zenizeni zodziŵira malo, ndi zipangizo zopangira mapu kuti adziŵitse za malo, malamulo omangira, masinthidwe amwadzidzidzi, ndi bajeti. Utsogoleri wa zopangapanga za magetsi amagawidwa kumene amafunikira kwambiri.

Zochita Zothandiza Kumanga Malo Ozungulira a M’madera a M’deralo

Kusintha kothandiza sikuli kulinganiza kwa mtundu umodzi. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kusankha ndi kupanga njira zosinthira malo awo, chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi mlingo wa ngozi. Komabe, njira zambiri zakhala zothandiza kwambiri.

Malo Obiriwira ndi Abuluu

Zothetsera za chilengedwe zikukondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa madzi ndi malo osungirako zinthu. Malo a Green ndi maluŵa amaphatikizapo mapaki, minda ya anthu, mitengo ya m’misewu, ndi zinthu zamoyo zimene zimamwa madzi otentha pazisumbu, ndi kuwongolera mpweya. Malo abuluu amatanthauza madzi monga madamu, ngalande, ndi malo otentha amene amayendetsa madzi akusefukira popereka malo osangalatsa. Matauni onga Philadelphia, Copenhagen, ndi Singapore agwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zimenezi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri apeza kuti ndi otsika ndi otetezeka kwambiri kuposa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zoyera zokha.

Kusefukira kwa M’mizinda

Makina a mizinda angagwiritse ntchito njira zoziziritsira masana ndi misewu, denga la mitengo yofutukuka, ndi malo oziziritsa m'madera osoŵa. Mwachitsanzo, Los Angeles yayambitsa mapulogalamu oziziritsa ndi kuika malo oikapo mitengo. Miami-Dade County inakhala mkulu wa akuluakulu wa ofesi yothandiza kuti alimbitse kutentha. Njira zimenezi sizimangopulumutsa moyo komanso zimachepetsa kusoŵa kwa mphamvu ya magetsi ndi kukonzanso thanzi la anthu.

Kusamalira Kozungulira ndi Madzi a M’nyanja

Mizinda ya kugombe, kuyang'anira kusefukira kwa mphepo ndi kukwera kwa madzi kuli kwakukulu. Magulu amadzi amaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa zopinga zachilengedwe monga malunje ndi miyulu, kukweza nyumba, kumanga makoma a m’nyanja ndi mawindo, ndi kuthaŵa ku madera apamwamba koposa. Maofesi a Netherlands a ntchito ya mtsinje, zimene zimachititsa mitsinje kusefukira, ndi chitsanzo cha padziko lonse. Pafupi ndi kwawo, Norfolk, Virginia wapanga pulani yothandiza kukhazikika imene imaphatikizana ndi zitsulo za madzi, magombe amoyo, ndi kukulitsa. Manejala a mzinda ayeneranso kusungitsa malamulo okhwima a nyumba ndi mafunde otereka kuti ateteze chitukuko chatsopano m’madera oopsa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nyengo Ndiponso Kuwomba

Mwinamwake chida champhamvu kwambiri chimene manijala wa mzinda ali nacho ndicho ulamuliro wogwiritsira ntchito malo. Kukonza malamulo oletsa kapena kuletsa kumanga malo otentha, malo otentha, ndi malo ozungulira pansi angatetezere masoka a m'tsogolo. Mofananamo, kufuna mathero abiriŵi m'zochitika zatsopano, kusunga malo otseguka kuti madzi a mkuntho aloŵe, ndi kuwonjezera kulimba kwa malo otetezereka kumazichepetsa kufooka konse. Zochita zimenezi zimafuna kulimba mtima kwa ndale, pamene nthaŵi zambiri zimayang'anizana ndi chitsutso kwa okonza ndi eni katundu. Komabe, phindu lanthaŵi yaitali limaposa kukwera kwa kanthaŵi kochepa.

Anthu Oyang’anira Mizinda Amakumana ndi Mavuto Ambiri

Ngakhale kuti m’mizinda mulibe zinthu zambiri zofunika, mabwana a mizinda amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu poyesa kukonza nyengo kuti ikhale yabwino.

Kuchepetsa Ndalama ndi Kuika Zinthu Zofunika Patsogolo

Madoko ambiri a mzinda amachepa chifukwa cha maphunziro, chitetezo cha anthu, chisamaliro cha thanzi, ndi ntchito zofunikira. Kusintha kwa nyengo, ngakhale kuli kovuta, kaŵirikaŵiri kumaonedwa kukhala kugulitsa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumene kumapikisana ndi zosoŵa za mwamsanga. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kupanga ntchito yopeza ndalama, ntchito zomangira ndi mapindu ena (m’jere, denga labiriŵili limene limachepetsanso ndalama za mphamvu ya magetsi), ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu ndi chigawo cha munthu ndi mabungwe osapindula. Cities Creaties Chebeader Leadership Group [[[FL:1]]] limapereka zinthu ndi malo ochezera othandizira kuti apeze ndalama zoyendera nyengo.

Kukana Ndale ndi Kusintha kwa Kamphindi Kochepa

Njira zosinthira zingakhale zosokoneza: kukweza misonkho kaamba ka makoma osefukira, kuletsa kuyambika kwa nyumba zokongola m’madera a kugombe, kapena kukhazikitsa miyezo yatsopano ya nyumba zingakwiyitse anthu ndi omanga. Akuluakulu osankhidwa amene amayang'anizana ndi chisankhironso zaka ziŵiri kapena zinayi zilizonse angakhale osafuna kuchirikiza malamulo ndi ndalama zopititsirapo ndi mapindu ochepekera. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kukulitsa kugwirizana kokulirapo, kugwirizanitsa changu cha zachuma, ndi kuzoloŵera monga kutetezera chuma ndi mkhalidwe wa moyo m’malo mwa kungotetezera tsoka.

Kusiyana kwa Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu ndi Zolembapo

Mizinda yambiri ilibe luso lakumasulira mawonekedwe a nyengo, kupenda kosavuta, kapena njira zopangira chilengedwe. Makampani ang'onoang'ono angakhale opanda antchito odzipereka kwa . Mamanejala a mizinda angagwirizane ndi mayunivesite, mabungwe a za kakonzedwe ka chigawo, ndi mabungwe onga [[FLT: 0]] PCLITI MPUP , kuti apeze thandizo la zopangapanga ndi kuphunzira kwa ausinkhu wao.

Chilungamo cha Malo Okhala ndi Malo Oyenera

Magulu a anthu olandira ndalama zochepa ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhala akusungidwa ndi kusungitsa ndalama zapamwamba ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ali m'zipinda zosefukira, zisumbu zotentha, kapena pafupi ndi kuipitsa kwa maindasitale. Kusintha kumene kumanyalanyaza kusayenera kumeneku kungawonjezere kuwonongeka. Mamanejala a mizinda ayenera kuloŵerera mopambanitsa m'madera otetezereka, kulinganiza zinthu zimene sizimatsogolera ku kuwonjezereka kapena kubwerera m'malo ena. Kusintha kosasintha kumafuna malamulo otsimikizirika, uyang'aniro wa chitaganya, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu kopitirizabe.

Kufufuza Zokhudza Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko zimasonyeza kuti mabwana a mizinda angapeze zotulukapo zodabwitsa ngakhale pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta.

Rotterdam, Netherlands: Mzinda wa Delta Ukula ndi Madzi

Rotterdam ndi umodzi wa mizinda yadziko yopanga bwino kwambiri. Imene ili m'munsi mwa tsidya lina, mzindawu wadalira pa madike ndi mapombi. Koma pambuyo pa chigumula chachikulu m'ma 1990, atsogoleri a mzinda anaganiza zosintha kuchoka ku kutetezera madzi kukhala ndi moyo. Programme Project , yomwe inayamba mu 2008, kutetezera madzi ndi kutukuka kwa tauni. Maprojekiti osaipira amaphatikizapo . Waterpleen (madzi) (mabwinja) [madoko) omangidwa ndi akuluakulu a mzinda, amene amalanda madzi mkunthomba panthaŵi ya mvula ndi mabwalo a anthu ambiri m’nyengo youma, ndi kuchirikiza ntchito zachuma.

Mzinda wa New York, ku United States: Kumanganso Nyumba Yamphamvu Pambuyo pa Sandy

Mphepo ya mphepo ya Sandy mu 2012 inavumbula kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyendera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Poyankha, mzindawu unayamba kukhazikitsa makoma a madzi, zipata, ndi zopinga zogwirizana ndi malo a paki ndi zosangalatsa. Mzindawo unawonjezeranso mapulogalamu ake obiriwira, malamulo okonzanso nyumba, ndi kukonzanso za misewu yamphamvu. Madokotala a maofesi a maofesi a mizinda ya Mayor a maofesi a maofesi a boma, bungwe la bungwe la United States, logwirizana ndi bungwe la bungwe la United States, lothandizana ndi lopanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Medellín, Colombia: Makori Obiriŵira Ofeŵetsa Mzinda Wotentha

Medellín, amene kale anali wotchuka ndi chiwawa, anadzisintha kukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse m'kusintha kwa nyengo ya m’tauni. Mzindawo unakhala ndi makhosi a zomera za mtundu wa [1] [1] Njira zopatulika, maluŵa, ndi denga la biriŵisi , zimene zinachepetsa chitenthero cha m’tauni ndi 2°C. Mabwana a mzinda anagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya za malo ndi mapulani a malo opangira zinthu, anagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi pulojekiti yoyamba. Ntchitoyi inachititsanso ntchito pa a achinyamata a Medillín kupambana kwa maluso, otsika kwambiri, ndi akhalidwe la anthu. Mylie: kugwiritsira ntchito chilengedwe pothetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndi kukonzanso zinthu.

Zipangizo ndi Ziŵiya za Mabwana a Mzinda

Mabwana a mizinda safunika kuyamba ndi kumanga nyumba zambirimbiri kuti afulumire:

  • UN-Habitat’s City Resilience Programme yojambula [1] – Ikupereka chiŵiya chopimira chopimira kuwona ndi kulimbitsa tauni.
  • [[MTL:0] Matauni 100 Opatulidwa (tsopano mbali ya Chikalata cha Matauni) [1] – Upainiya Wotsogolera Kusintha Koposa ndi Kupatsa maphunziro a Ausinkhu Wawo.
  • EPA’s Climate Amplifitation Resource Center – Compiles kope la zofufuza, magwero a ndalama, ndi malangizo a zopangapanga ogwirizana ndi mizinda ya U.S.
  • World Resources Institute’s Aqueduct Bungwe la Aqueduct [1] – Mapu a madzi ogwirizana ndi maupandu a dziko lonse ndipo amathandiza kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
  • National Oceanic ndi Atmospheric Administration (NOA) Coast Resilience Index [1] – Chipangizo chosavuta chaumwini cha madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Mabwana a mizinda ayeneranso kukulitsa maunansi ndi ophunzira m’mayunivesite a m’deralo, amene angapereke masamu aulere ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu, ndi mabungwe a boma ndi a boma osamalira za ngozi amene amapereka maphunziro ndi mphatso.

Kumanga Mabungwe Otha Kusintha Zinthu kwa Nthaŵi Yaitali

Kupirira kokwanira sikumapangidwa ndi mawu kapena ntchito imodzi yokha. Kufunikira kulingalira za nyengo yosasintha ku boma la mzinda. Mabwana a mizinda angatenge njira zingapo kuti asinthe:

  • Kupanga ofesi yodzipereka kapena udindo – ngakhale wogwirizanitsa mmodzi wopirira angasungebe kuyang'ana ndi kuŵerengera.
  • Upandu wa nyengo ya kuwonongeka wa kukonzanso kwa imfa – Amafuna ntchito iliyonse yaikulu kuphatikiza kupima nyengo.
  • Kusintha kwa zolembalemba ndi malo kuzungulira – Kupanga mphamvu yachikhalire ya dongosolo lalamulo la mzindawo.
  • Kuyanjana ndi akuluakulu a chigawo – ngozi za nyengo sizimalekeka pa malire; zoyesayesa za kugwirizana nkwabwino kwambiri ndi kokhudza.
  • Imodzi yosaiŵalika m'maphunziro a antchito - kutsimikizira ogwira ntchito m'madipatimenti onse akudziŵa sayansi ya nyengo ndi malamulo owongolera.
  • [1] Komiti yothandiza chitaganya [1] - Phunzirani anthu kukhala okonzeka ndi kukwaniritsa zinthu.

Mapeto: Utsogoleri Womwe Umakhudza Tsogolo Lathu

Makampaniwa amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuti azitha kusintha zinthu, kukhazikitsa malamulo komanso kulimbikitsa chuma komanso kukhazikitsa mgwirizano.

Kusinthasintha kwa nyengo sikuli kolemetsa . Ndi mwayi womanga mizinda imene ili yotetezereka, yobiriŵira kwambiri, ndiponso yosatha. Mabwana a mizinda amene ayamba kuvuta zimenezi adzasiya njira yothandiza ana amene adzakhale ndi moyo. Nthaŵi yoti agwire ntchitoyi ndi ino, ndipo zipangizo, chidziŵitso, ndi zitsanzo n’zosavuta. Imayamba ndi utsogoleri wa m’makampani, ndipo ikuyamba lero.