Kulinganiza Ufulu ndi Chisungiko

Unansi pakati pa kukhala kwachinsinsi ndi chisungiko cha anthu wakhala wovuta nthaŵi zonse. M'nyengo ya manambala, kulinganiza kumeneku kwakhala kowopsa kwambiri. Ziŵiya zomwe zimatheketsa kulankhula mwaufulu ndi kukonzanso chuma zinapatsanso mphamvu zoyang’anira zosadziŵika. Nkhani ino imapereka kusanthula kokwanira kwa chisinthiko cha ukatswiri, maziko ake alamulo, ziyambukiro zake zotsimikizirika pa ufulu waukulu, ndi masitepe othandiza kutetezera ufulu wa anthu.

Kodi Kumasulidwa Kwachiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Maufulu a nzika ndiwo malamulo ndi zitetezero zimene zimatetezera anthu ku ziŵeruzo za boma zodzifunira. Izo sizili mwaŵi wopatsidwa ndi boma koma ufulu wachibadwa umene magulu a demokrase amauzindikira ndi kuugwirizanitsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti mpambo wachindunji umasiyanasiyana ndi ulamuliro, ufulu weniweni umene umayambukiridwa ndi ukatswiri umaphatikizapo:

  • Ufulu wa kulankhula ndi mawu [ – kuyenera kwa kulongosola malingaliro popanda kuwopa kubwezera.
  • Kumanja kuchinsinsi [ ] – chiyembekezo chakuti moyo wa munthu, kulankhulana, ndi chidziŵitso sizimavumbulidwa popanda chilolezo kapena kulungamitsa kwa lamulo.
  • Ufulu wa msonkhano ndi mayanjano – kukhoza kusonkhanitsa ndi ena kaamba ka zifuno za ndale zadziko, za chitaganya, kapena zachipembedzo.
  • Kuyenera kwa lamulo – kuyenera kwa njira zolungama ndi uyang’aniro wachiweruzo boma lisanachotsere aliyense moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu.
  • Kuchinjiriza ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi khunyu [[FT:1] – kutsendereza mphamvu ya boma ya kuloŵa m'nyumba, zipangizo, ndi ziyambukiro zaumwini.

Maufulu ameneŵa si otheratu; angakhale opereŵera pamene pali chikondwerero chokakamiza cha boma, monga ngati kuletsa uchigaŵenga kapena kuthetsa upandu waukulu. Komabe, mtolo wa kulungamitsa uyenera kukhala ndi boma, ndipo malire ayenera kukhala olinganizika mochepera. Kukwera kwa tekinoloji yoyang’anira kwayesa malire ameneŵa kuposa ndi kale lonse.

Kukonzanso kwachinayi ndi Kusintha Kwake kwa Masamu

Koma popeza kuti makhoti ankagwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira mauthenga pa Intaneti, panabuka funso lofunika kwambiri lakuti: Kodi mfundo ya Kachinayi ya Mpando Wokonzedwanso imagwira ntchito pa mameseji, kugwiritsa ntchito manambala a mametaimu, kapena malo amene anthu a mitundu ina amasunga?

Khoti Lapamwamba linayamba kuyankha funso limeneli ndi zigamulo zonga Riley v. California [1] (2014, limene linkanena kuti apolisi amafunikira chilolezo chofufuza zinthu za foni ya m’manja kuti agwire. Posachedwapa, Kampate-v. United States[FLT] [2018]) adalamulira kuti kulowa m’selo-malo a chigawo cha Chingelezi kukhale mafaelo a Foldersement. Nkhani zapadera zimenezi zimaimira kusintha pang'onopang'ono koma kofunika kwa a kapangidwe ka dziko. Komabe, boma la United States [FLT] likupitirizabe kulowa m'malemba ambiri pansi pa malamulo ngati 702 a Serveicence (A, Chikalata cha Ault) cha AF.

Kukula kwa Umisiri wa Zamankhwala

Maboma ndi mabungwe agwiritsa ntchito mofunitsitsa mipata imeneyi potumiza zipangizo zimene zikanaoneka ngati nthano za sayansi za m’mbuyomu.

Kufufuza pa Intaneti ndi Kulemba Zinthu

Maboma amalemba nkhani zimenezi kuti alembe tsatanetsatane wa anthu. Maboma apeza makompyuta a malondawa mwa kukakamiza (National Security Letters, maofisala a khoti) kapena kuwagula ku makampani ogulitsa zinthu. Foundation

Kudziŵa Malo a Kumaso ndi Kupima Mipangidwe ya Maselo

Luso la kutchuka laperekedwa ndi madipatimenti a apolisi, mabungwe olamulira malire, ndipo ngakhale mabizinesi a anthu wamba. Pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza amanena kuti imathandiza kudziŵikitsa apandu, kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti kaŵirikaŵiri si yolondola kwa anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchititsa kumangidwa kolakwika. Chivomezi cha American Liberation Union (ACLU) [FLT :1] chalemba milandu yambiri kumene anthu osalakwa akugwidwa. Mizinda ina, kuphatikizapo San Francisco ndi Boston, yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nkhope, koma tekinoloji ikupitirizabe kufutukuka kudzera m'makhamera, mabwalo a ndege, ndi ngakhalenso sukulu.

Kusonkhanitsa Mameseji ndi Kuchuluka kwa Mabuku

DAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Makampani Opanga Mafulemu: Ntchito Yoteteza Anthu

Malamulo olamulira kuyang'anira ali ocholoŵana, kaŵirikaŵiri achikale, ndipo amasiyana mofala ndi dziko. Ku United States, malamulo alamulo ali m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malamulo alamulo, malamulo a boma, ndi malamulo a bungwe. Ku Ulaya, General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) imapereka njira yachinsinsi yowonjezereka. Kumvetsetsa madongosolo ameneŵa nkofunika kwa aliyense wodera nkhaŵa za zoyenera zawo.

Malamulo a United States

  • Mpambo Wachinayi [ – imatetezera ku kufufuza kosayenera, koma yafooketsedwa ndi chiphunzitso cha chigawo chachitatu , chimene chimachititsa chidziŵitso chimenecho kugawana modzifunira ndi mbali yachitatu (monga kampani ya telefoni) kutaya chiyembekezo choyenera cha chinsinsi.
  • Unduna Waluso Surveillance Act (FASA) – imalamulira kuyang'anira kwa magetsi kaamba ka chisungiko cha dziko. Kusintha konga ngati FISA Amendments Act (2008) kunawonjezera mphamvu ya boma yosonkhanitsa kulankhulana kwa anthu osakhala a ku United States kunja, koma kusonkhanitsa kwamwaŵi kwa chidziŵitso cha Aamereka kumaloledwa.
  • PARITIOT Act (2001) - maulamuliro olondera pambuyo pa 9 / 11, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kosavuta kwa zolembedwa za malonda ndi mayayapu oyendayenda. Makonzedwe ena anatha kapena anasinthidwa, koma Gawo 215 (mafalishoni a malonda) anasinthidwa, osati kuchotsedwa.
  • Kulankhulana kwa Mawu a Mbilinsi (ECPA) Act ( – lamulo la 1986 limene limasiyanitsa pakati pa masiku osungidwa a email oposa 180 (ochitidwa monga osiyidwa) ndi mauthenga atsopano. Kufunika kwa kusintha kumavomerezedwa mofala, koma Mabungwe sanapereke masinthidwe ochuluka.

Chitetezo cha Yuropu

GDPR, yogwira mtima 2018, imatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala muyezo wagolidi wa chinsinsi cha makompyuta. Imafuna chivomerezo chotsimikizirika kaamba ka kulinganiza makompyuta, kukhazikitsa zizindikiro za makompyuta, ndi kupereka ufulu wa anthu kulowa ndi kuchotsamo chidziŵitso chawo. Komabe, GDPR imagwira ntchito makamaka kwa makampani achinsinsi, osati ku ntchito za boma, zimene sizikuloledwa. Kuwonjezerapo, EU EU i'Privracy Directive Directive imateteza ku kulankhulana kwamagetsi. Makhoti a ku Ulaya aletsanso kuyang'anira gulu la anthu; mwachitsanzo, Bwalo la Chilungamo la European Union linamenyana ndi EU-U. S.

Mipata ndi Kulephera

Chitokoso chimodzi chachikulu nchakuti malamulo olembedwa kaamba ka dziko lowoneka amalephera kukwaniritsa zenizeni za kujambula kwa mtambo, intaneti ya zinthu, ndi luntha lopanga. Mwachitsanzo, chikalata chingafunikire kufunafuna foni, koma chidziŵitso chomwecho chosungidwa pa kampani chingapezedwe kupyolera mwa kampani yaing'ono popanda kupendedwa kwa chiweruzo. Kusoŵa kwa lamulo lachinsinsi la boma la boma ku United States kumasiya zolemba zambiri za chidziŵitso za zinthu zolembedwa popanda kulamulidwa, kulola boma kugwiritsa ntchito mathekishoni a malonda.

Mmene Kuwonjezereka Kwawo Kumapatsira Mfulu Anthu a M’mayiko Ena

Kupewa kusamala anthu ena n’koipa kwambiri kuposa kukhala pawekha.

Chiyambukiro Chosonkhezera pa Kulankhula Mwaufulu

Pamene anthu adziŵa kuti njira zawo zolankhulira zikuyang'aniridwa, amasintha khalidwe lawo. Zimenezi zimadziŵika monga zotsatirapo zogwira mtima . Kufufuza 2021 kochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center [ Kufufuza kunapeza kuti anthu 40% a ku America apeŵa kuika chinthu chinachake pa Intaneti chifukwa cha kuyang'anira. Chiyambukirocho chimatchulidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu ochepa, ochirikiza, ndi atolankhani amene amayang'anizana ndi ngozi yaikulu ya kufunkha. Kudziyang'ana kolakwika kwa machenjera ndi kufooketsa mlandu wa democracy.

Kuwononga Midzi Yosiyanasiyana

M'mbiri, kuyang’anira kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsendereza kutsutsana ndi mitundu ya anthu. Kuchokera ku kuyang'anira kwa atsogoleri a ufulu wachibadwidwe kufikira ku malo amakono onenera apolisi, madongosolo olondera kaŵirikaŵiri amalengeza ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukondera kwa ufuko. Lipoti lochitidwa ndi ACLU , lapezedwa kuti loneneratu kuti maprogramu a apolisi amatsogolera akuluakulu a a a apolisi kwa anthu Black ndi Latino, kuchititsa kumangidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa madera ochirikiza madera otsalirapo milandu. Momwemo, monga ngati kutsutsa kwa Black Live Mafe Mafemo, kuyang'anizidwa kwambiri ndi lamulo logwiritsira ntchito dron, ma wailesi, ndi laibulale ya za anthu oŵerenga.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Molakwa ndi Kusoŵeka kwa Uyang’aniro

Maulamuliro a zachitetezo olinganizidwa kaamba ka chisungiko cha dziko agwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka phindu laumwini, kubwezera kwa ndale zadziko, ndipo ngakhale kuzonda mabwenzi achikondi. Mu 2021, Dipatimenti ya Woweruza wamkulu inapeza kuswa kofala kwa ofufuza njira za FBI pansi pa FISA. Ngakhale kuti masinthidwe ayambitsidwa, maprogramu ozungulira kuyang'anira amapangitsa kuwonekera kwa kunja kukhala kosatheka. Popanda tanthauzo, kuwonekera bwino, kuthekera kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza kumakhala kokulira.

Njira Zothandiza Zotetezera Kumasuka Kwanu kwa Pachiweniweni

Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu sangathetseretu kuyang’anira kwaunyinji, iwo angatenge zizoloŵezi ndi zida zimene zimachepetsa kwambiri kutetezereka kwawo.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Mawu a Mulungu ndi Zida Zotetezeka

Kulemba ndi chipangizo chimodzi champhamvu kwambiri chotetezera kulankhulana. Ma apulogalamu olembedwa mobisa monga ngati chizindikiro ndi Chomwe chalembedwa. Amatsimikizira kuti wotumiza ndi wolandira ndi wolandira ndi amene angawerenge uthenga. Imelo, lingalirani za kugwiritsira ntchito ProtonMail kapena Tutanota, imene imalemba mauthenga panthaŵi yopuma. Mabuku onga Brave ndi Firefox amapereka chitetezo chomangidwa m'njira. Nthaŵi zonse gwiritsirani ntchito chiwiya chophikira kubisa keyala yanu ya IP, koma sankhani munthu amene alibe malamulo otsimikizira ndi ogwirira ntchito kunja kwa zigamulo zamphamvu.

Muzichepetsa Magetsi

  • Zimitsani mautumiki a malo pa foni yanu ngati simufunikira. Sing'anjo ya Bluetooth ndi Wi-Fi
  • Gwiritsani ntchito ma injini ofufuza amene sakudziŵani, monga Duckduck Go kapena Stuckpage.
  • Muzichotsako mabisiketi nthawi zonse komanso muzifufuza mbiri yakale.
  • Mawebusaiti ambiri ali ndi “Musamagulitsa Zanga Zaumwini” zimene zimagwirizanitsa CCPA/CPRA.
  • Peŵani kugwiritsira ntchito chikwangwani chimodzi (Google/Facebook) pa ntchito ya mbali yachitatu, popeza kuti loga iliyonse imapatsa woisunga chidziŵitso chowonjezereka.

Dziŵani Zoyenera Zanu ndi Kuzifotokoza

Kumvetsa zoyenera zanu zalamulo ndi njira yoyamba yodzitetezera. Ku United States, muli ndi ufulu wa kukhala chete ndi kukana kufunsira. Ngati mutafunsidwa ndi osungitsa lamulo, fotokozani momveka bwino kuti: “Ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanga kukhala chete. Sindikufuna kufunafuna kulikonse. Ndikufuna kulankhula ndi loya. Ndikufuna kuti musamatsegule foni yanu kapena kutchula mawu achinsinsi popanda chilolezo. Kwa apaulendo, Atersty Administration Administration (TSA) sangakukakamizeni kutsegula chipangizo popanda kukayikira koyenera. Ndikumbukireni kuti ACLU ndi EFF ikupereka [FL:] [FL:] Kudziwa kumanja kwanu.

Kuchirikiza Malamulo ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Munthu aliyense payekha ali wofunikira koma wosakwanira popanda kusintha kwa dongosolo. Gwiritsirani ndi magulu amene amachirikiza zoyenera zachinsinsi, zonga ACLU, EFF, ndi Center for Democracy & Technology. Perekani osankhidwa oimira anu kufunsira kutsata malamulo achinsinsi onse monga American Datas Incalism and Protection Act [ADPPA] ndi kusintha kwa kuyang'anira malamulo onga FISA. Tsati kuletsa njira zakumachenjera, monga ngati kutsekereza kuzindikira kwa nkhope kapena kuyang'anira kwa polisi.

Khalani Wodalirika pa Zaluso

Musanayambe kuphunzira app kapena chipangizo chatsopano, werengani malamulo ake achinsinsi ndi ntchito yake. Samalani ndi “mautumiki aulere” amene amasinthanitsa zinthu zanu. Ganizirani ntchito zodzichititsa ngati mtambo wachiŵiri kuti musunge mafaelo kapena Biwaden kuti mukhale ndi mawu achinsinsi. Zipangizo za vidiyo, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizozo kugwiritsa ntchito foni, kutseka zinthu monga kulowa kapena kujambula mawu kutali kwambiri.

Kufunika kwa Maphunziro ndi Kugwirizana pa Ntchito Yophunzitsa Ana

Kumenyera ufulu wa anthu pa nthawi imene anthu akuwayang’anira sikudzatheka chifukwa cha luso la zopangapanga lokha, ndipo pamafunika anthu amene amamvetsa bwino mtengo ndiponso amene amafunitsitsa kuteteza ufulu wawo.

Kusintha Zinthu Zobisika M’madanga a Sukulu

Sukulu ziyenera kuphunzitsa ophunzira osati kokha mmene angagwiritsire ntchito tekinoloji komanso mmene angapendere mochenjera ntchito za zipangizo zamakono. Maphunziro angaphatikizepo mfundo zazikulu za kulembedwa mawu olembedwa pamanja, chitsanzo cha zachuma cha kapitalizimu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manja pambali zachinsinsi. Maphunziro otero amapatsa achinyamata mphamvu kupanga zosankha zachidziŵitso ndi kuwakonzekeretsa kukhala nzika zimene zingaŵerengere boma ndi mabungwe amene angadziike mlandu.

Kukonza Anthu ndi Kukamba Nkhani ya Onse

Malaibulale akwanuko, malo a anthu, ndi osapanga phindu angayambitse malo osungirako zinthu zamagetsi. Misonkhano ya m'holo ya tauni ndi makutu a anthu pa zipangizo zamakono zoyendera zingapereke mawu kwa anthu. Mwa kupanga zachinsinsi za anthu mmalo mwa mtolo wa munthu aliyense, kachitidwe kaunyinji kamakhala kotheka. Magulu onga Kuleka Lapping Spition [1] Kusintha kwa maprogramu ofufuza.

Kulimbikitsa Kukula kwa Zaumisiri Zapaumoyo

Pomalizira pake, pali kufunika kwa miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino m'maindasitale a tekinoloji. Mabungwe amene amaika patsogolo zachinsinsi za anthu ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuonekera kwa munthu ayenera kuchitidwa ndi kuchirikizidwa. Anthu angavote ndi chikwama chawo mwa kusankha njira zina zachinsinsi m'mapulatifomu aakulu. Kusankha “kusintha zinthu mwa kulinganiza” monga lamulo, monga momwe GDPR, imanenera kuti ayambe kuona kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kuyang’ana Kutsogolo: Mtsogolo mwa Mfulu ya Chiŵeniŵeni

Kulimbana pakati pa kuyang'anira ndi ufulu wa anthu sikuli kwatsopano, koma kuletsa kwa magetsi kwawonjezeka. Zopangapanga zamakono monga kupenda mawu, vidiyo, ndi khalidwe; kufutukuka kwa mizinda yanzeru; ndi kufalikira kwa zojambula zopangidwa ndi 5G . Kukakamiza kutisonkhezera kuloŵa m'dziko la kuonekera kotheratu. Komabe, mbiri imasonyezanso kuti kulimbana ndi olakwa kungatsogolere ku chitetezo: vumbulutso la Snowden linachititsa USA Freedom Act; Cambridge Analyticad GDPR; ndi George Flod kutsutsa kutsutsana ndi kuonekera kwa nkhope. Njira ya kutsogolo imadalira pa kuyang'anira kwa nzika, umphumphu wa makhoti, ndi nzeru za anthu. Kusunga ufulu kumafunikira kuyesayesa kwaufulu kwa anthu kwaufulu kwaufulu.