Kodi Kumasulidwa Kwachiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Maufulu a nzika ndi ufulu waukulu umene umateteza anthu ku kuloŵerera kwa boma. Ndiwo zitsimikizo zalamulo zimene zimakulolani kulankhula maganizo anu, kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chanu, kusonkhana ndi ena, ndi kukhala popanda kusokonezedwa ndi boma. Maufulu ameneŵa amaikidwa m'malamulo a dziko, malamulo a ufulu, kapena mapangano a ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse. Mfundo ya kubwerera ku mapepala onga ngati Magna Carta (1215), Chingelezi Bill of Rights (169), ndi, kotchuka kwambiri, United States Bill of Rights Rights (1791), lerolino, Chikalata cha ufulu wachibadwire cha ufulu wachibadwidwe cha anthu (1981) chimapereka dongosolo lapadziko lonse.

Kufunika kusiyanitsa ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu. Ufulu wa anthu ndi zitetezero za boma ku ntchito za boma [1] monga ufulu wa kulankhula kapena kuyenera kwa kukhala paokha. Kumbali ina, ufulu wa anthu ndi udindo waukulu ku boma kutsimikizira kuti amachitiridwa ndi kuletsa tsankho lochokera ku fuko, chiwerewere, chipembedzo, kapena mikhalidwe ina. Magulu onsewa ndi ofunika, koma nkhani ino imakhudza kwambiri njira yofikira chidziŵitso ndi kuteteza ufulu wanu wa anthu.

Kufunika kwa Kumasuka kwa Pachiŵeniŵeni

Kumasuka kwa anthu si zinthu wamba; ndiko maziko a ufulu ndi demokrase.

  • Amateteza ufulu wa munthu aliyense kwa boma lochenjeredwa. Popanda ufulu wa anthu, boma lingathetse kusagwirizana, madzoma oletsa chipembedzo, kapena kufufuza nyumba popanda chifukwa. Ufulu umenewu umapanga chitetezero kwa munthu aliyense, kutsimikizira kudzilamulira ndi ulemu.
  • Amalimbikitsa democracy ndi kutengamo mbali m'moyo wa anthu. Ufulu wa kulankhula, kusonkhana, ndi kuchonderera boma umalola nzika kukambitsirana nkhani, kuchititsa atsogoleri kuŵerengera, ndi kuvota popanda mantha. Demokalase yathanzi imadalira pa ufulu umenewu kukhala wotetezeredwa molimbika.
  • Amatsimikizira chilungamo ndi kufanana kwa chitaganya. Zoyenerera za kuweruzidwa moyenera, kuimira kwalamulo, ndi chitetezo ku kudzilanga kwaumwini . Amatsimikizira kuti ngakhale anthu ovutika kwambiri amachitiridwa bwino m'dongosolo la malamulo.

Mbiri imasonyeza kuti maulamuliro ankhanza choyamba amaika pamikango ufulu umenewu.

Sitepe 1: Dziŵani Ufulu Wanu

Chidziŵitso ndicho mzera woyamba wa chitetezo. Musanatetezere ufulu wanu wa anthu, muyenera kumvetsetsa zimene iwo ali ndi mmene amagwirira ntchito kwa inu. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi zitetezero zake zalamulo, koma ambiri amagaŵana maprinsipulo ofanana. Ku United States, Bill of Rights ndi kukonzanso kotsatirapo kukupanga maziko a ufulu wa munthu aliyense.

Kumasulidwa kwa Anthu Onse mu United States

  • Ufulu wa Kulankhula. Mpambo Woyamba umateteza ufulu wanu wofotokoza malingaliro, ngakhale ovuta kapena otsutsana ndi boma. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo nkhani zandale, zojambula, ndi zochita zophiphiritsira ngati mbendera. Komabe, magulu ena monga kusonkhezera chiwawa, kunyozetsa, ndi kuipitsa, ndi kuipitsa, n’zosatetezereka. Khoti Lapamwamba la Brandenburg v. Ohio (]) (1969) linatsimikizira kuti kulankhula kungaletsedwe kokha ngati “kusonkhezera kapena kuyambitsa kachitidwe koipa.
  • Ufulu wa Chipembedzo. Mpambo Woyamba uli ndi ziganizo ziŵiri: Kukhazikitsa Claus (boma silingakhazikitse chipembedzo) ndi Free Execree Claus (mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito chipembedzo chanu popanda kuloŵerera kwa boma). Zimenezi zimalola zikhulupiriro ndi machitachita osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kupezeka ku tchalitchi mpaka kuvala zovala zachipembedzo, malinga ngati saswa malamulo auchete.
  • Ufulu wa Manyuzipepala. A wailesi yakanema yaulere imatumikira monga ngati chigaŵenga pa ulamuliro wa boma. Mpando woyamba wa Amereka umaletsa kutsekereza (chofalitsidwa) kusiyapo m’mikhalidwe yachilendo kwambiri, monga ngati ziwopsezo za dziko. Nkhani zolemba mawu monga New York Times Co. v United States [7] [7] inagogomezera kuti boma likhale ndi mtolo wolemera wotetezera kusanthula.
  • Kuyenera kugwirizanitsa mwamtendere. Mungakumane ndi ena kaamba ka zitsutso, zikondwerero, magudumu, ndi misonkhano. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma angaike nthaŵi yokwanira, malo, ndi ziletso (m’chitsanzo, kufuna zilolezo za misonkhano yaikulu), iwo sangaletse misonkhano yozikidwa pa zimene zili mu uthengawo.
  • Kuyenera Kupempha Boma. Kuyenera kumeneku kumakulolani kudandaula kapena kupempha kachitidwe kochokera ku nthambi iliyonse ya boma(malowo, boma, kapena boma. Kuphatikiza zonse kuyambira kusaina pempho lopempha kukhazikitsa msonkhano.
  • Kumanja Kunyamula Zida. Mpambo wachiŵiri umateteza kuyenera kwa munthu kukhala ndi mfuti pazifuno zololedwa, kugonjera ku malamulo ena (macheke, ziletso pa zida zina). Zimenezi zidakali chimodzi cha zinthu zopikisana kwambiri ndi ufulu, ndi mikangano yopitirizabe yokhudza ukulu wake.
  • Kuyenera Kubisika. Ngakhale kuti silinatchulidwe mwachindunji m'Malamulo, Khoti Lalikulu lazindikira kuyenera kwa kukhala lachinsinsi m'madera onga kulera (] Griswold v. Connecticut, kuchotsa mimba ([FLT:]]] Roe v. Pambuyo pake, kugwedezeka koma kudalirana kwachinsinsi, ndi unansi wapafupi ( Lyne . [FLT]] ).
  • Kuyenera ku Makonzedwe Oyenera. Malamulo achisanu ndi 14 amatsimikizira kuti boma silingakumani moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu wopanda njira zolungama. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa mlandu wapoyera wofulumira, mboni, kukhala ndi uphungu walamulo, ndi kukhala chete (Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa 1 mpaka).
  • Eququal Protection Munsi mwa Chilamulo. Mpambo wa 14th Experity Protection Claus ikufuna kuti boma lichitire anthu onse m’mikhalidwe yofanana. Ngakhale kuti si ufulu wa anthu m’lingaliro lochepa, umalimbikitsa ufulu wochuluka ndi kuletsa malamulo auve.

Ufulu Woposa United States

If you live outside the U.S., research your country’s constitution, human rights act, or charter. For example, the European Convention on Human Rights protects similar freedoms across Europe, enforced by the European Court of Human Rights. Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms, South Africa’s Bill of Rights, and India’s constitutional rights all offer robust protections. Understanding the specificmalamulo a boma a m’boma lanu ngofunika kwambiri.

Mfundo Yachiwiri: Muzimvetsa Zimene Simungathe Kukwanitsa

Ufulu wa anthu sungaposedwe. Maboma angachepetse ufulu pamene pali chikondwerero chokakamiza . chonga ngati chisungiko cha anthu, chisungiko cha dziko, kapena ufulu wa ena. Komabe, malire ameneŵa ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi oyenerera. Kuzindikira kumene malirewo amakuthandizani kupeŵa kupitirira ndi kukonzekeretsa kutsutsa chiwembu chosakhala cha lamulo.

Chisungiko cha Dziko ndi Kulankhula Mwaufulu

Chitsanzo chodziŵika kwambiri nchakuti simungafuule “moto” m'bwalo la maseŵero lodzaza anthu popanda chifukwa. Kuyesa kokhala ndi ngozi kuchokera ku [[FLT:] Scheck v. United States (1919) yaloŵa m'mayeso a [FLT:] kuyesa [[FLT:] kuyesa : mawu amene mwachidziŵikire akupanga kachitidwe kotsutsana ndi lamulo angaletsedwe. M'nthaŵi za nkhondo, kuyang'anira ndi kusanthula, koma boma liyenerabe kulemekeza ufulu wapakati. USATTIO Akuchitapo kanthu kenthu pambuyo pa 9 / 11, koma mabwalo ena olamulira ali ndi mapangano ogwirizana.

Kuteteza Anthu Onse ndi Ufulu Wosonkhana

Akuluakulu a boma angafune kuti pakhale mapulogalamu osonyeza kuti galimoto zikhale bwino kapena kuti pasachitike nkhondo. Akhozanso kusokoneza misonkhano imene imachititsa chiwawa kapena kuyambitsa ngozi. Koma sangasiya njira zina zolankhulirana.

Kulimbana ndi Kukakamiza Anthu Kukhala Odzisunga

Demendment yachinayi imateteza ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri. Mwachisawawa, apolisi amafunikira chilolezo chozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera kufufuzira nyumba yanu kapena kulanda katundu wanu. Zosiyana ziripo kaamba ka mikhalidwe yosatsimikizirika (m., kulondola kotentha), chivomerezo, ndi kufufuza chochitika chapadera kuti agwire. Malo achinsinsi ndi malo omakula: Supreme Court yakhala ndi lamulo lakuti apolisi afunikira chilolezo cha kusecha selo yanu ( v. California, 2014) kapena malo anu oyendera kuchokera ku selo-sito ([FT:] CPP]. United States [FT:3]

Kulinganiza Mayeso

Makhoti amagwiritsira ntchito milingo yosiyanasiyana ya kusanthula ziletso za boma pa ufulu. Kupenda kosatsutsika (muyezo wapamwamba) kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito pamene lamulo likuswa kuyenera kwakukulu konga ngati kulankhula kwaufulu kapena chinsinsi. Boma liyenera kusonyeza kuti liri ndi chikondwerero chokakamiza ndi kuti lamulo liri njira yochepera yolipimira kukwaniritsa. Kufufuza kwapambuyo pa malamulo ena kuli kofanana ndi zitetezero, ndipo kupenda kwanzeru ndiko kutsata koyenerera. Kumvetsetsa mayeso kumathandiza inu kuwona pamene lamulo liyenera kukhala lalamulo.

Sitepe 3: Khalani Odziŵa Bwino

Malamulo amasintha, amamasulira mfundo za m’Chilamulo, ndiponso amamasulira zinthu zatsopano zamakono.

Magwero Odalirika a Chidziŵitso

  • Khoti la United States (SCOTUS) Blog – Tracks ndi kupereka kusanthula: astutublog.com
  • American Liberties Union (ACLU) – Malipoti a malamulo, milandu, ndi kusamvera: aclu.org
  • ELEctronic Foundation (EFF) – kusumika pa mipando ya magetsi ya anthu: eff.org
  • [[FLT: 0] Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII) – Free aschep to theold : law.corell .corell
  • United Nations Human Rights Rights Office – miyezo yamitundu yonse ndi maiko malipoti: ohchr.org

Tsatirani akatswiri a zamalamulo ndi atolankhani amene amabisa za Khoti Lapamwamba. Zilembeni ku manyuzipepala ochokera ku mabungwe monga Brennan Center for Justice kapena Cato Institute kaamba ka malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Samalani ndi nkhani zapamutu zokopa; nthaŵi zonse ŵerengani chigamulo kapena lamulo loyambirira kuti mupange luntha lanu.

Sitepe 4: Kambiranani Mwamwambo

Kuzindikira zinthu sikuli kokwanira, kuti mupeze ufulu wa anthu ndi wa ena, muyenera kukhala ndi phande mwachangu.

Magulu Ogwirizana

Magulu onga ACLU, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, EFF, ndi ufulu wakomweko zimagwira ntchito pa milandu, kukopa, ndi maphunziro a anthu. Mamembala akupereka ndalama zotsutsa. Ambiri amaperekanso mwaŵi waufulu, monga ngati ndawala zolemba makalata kapena kusungitsa foni.

Yanjanani ndi Oimira Anu

Lembani, itanani, kapena tumizani makalata akuluakulu osankhidwa ponena za ngongole zimene zikutsala pang’ono kukhudza ufulu wa anthu.

Mipikisano Yopanga Masitayelo ndi Maphunziro a Anthu

Kulinganiza kapena kupezeka m'maholo a tauni, kuphunzitsa, ndi ma shaki. Gwiritsirani ntchito makompyuta kugawana chidziŵitso cholongosoka ponena za ufulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati lamulo latsopano limaletsa kutsutsa, kutumiza wolongosola bwino za zimene zasintha. Kuphunzitsa chitaganya chanu kumapanga chisankho chodziŵa bwino chimene chingabwezetse kunyonyotsoka kwa ufulu.

Sitepe 5: Dziŵani Mmene Mungatetezere Ufulu Wanu

Ngati anthu akukuopsezani kapena kukusokonezani, muyenera kukonza zoti muchite zinthu mwadongosolo.

Kulemba Zonse

Ngati muwona kuswedwa kwa zoyenera . monga ngati kufunafuna kopanda lamulo, kuchitiridwa mlandu, kapena kukana kusonkhana kwaulere , lembani tsatanetsatane uliwonse: deti, nthaŵi, malo, maina a akuluakulu ophatikizidwa, chidziŵitso cha ochitira umboni, ndi malongosoledwe a zimene zinachitika. Chonde musungire umboni uliwonse wakuthupi, zithunzithunzi, kapena mavidiyo. Cholembedwachi nchofunika kwambiri kaamba ka madandaulo alamulo ndi milandu yothekera.

Funani Thandizo Lalamulo

Kuonanani ndi loya wa ufulu wachibadwidwe kapena gulu losapanga phindu limene limasamalira milandu m'dera lanu. Magulu ambiri amapereka probono (womasuka) kuimira kuswa kwakukulu. Mabungwe othandizira anthu mwalamulo angathandize anthu olandira ndalama zochepa. Ngati simungathe kupeza loya, sukulu zina za malamulo zili ndi zipatala zimene zimasamalira nkhani za ufulu wa anthu.

Kudandaula kwa Mafailo

Mukhoza kudandaula ndi mabungwe a boma. M'dziko la United States, Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo cha Chifuniro cha Chigawo cha Ufulu wa Anthu imalandira malipoti a kuswa malamulo. Maloya a boma alinso ndi zigawo za ufulu wachibadwidwe.

Njira Zothandiza Pokumana ndi Anthu

  • Ngati apolisi aletsa: Khalani chete, musakanize, ndi kufunsa ngati muli waufulu kuchoka. Ku U.S., muli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhala chete. Musavomereze kufunafuna; fotokozani momveka bwino kuti “Sindikuvomereza kufunafuna.”
  • Ngati nyumba yanu yafufuzidwa: Funsani kuti muone chikalatacho, ŵerengani kalatayo mosamalitsa, ndi kuwona malo amene apolisi akufunafuna.
  • Ngati nkhani yanu yafufuzidwa: Lembani malamulo ofufuza ndi kulankhula ndi gulu la ACLU kapena lofanana nalo.

Kumaliza

Ufulu wanu wa anthu superekedwa kuchokera kumwamba; umasungidwa mwa kukhala maso ndi kukhala ndi phande lachangu. Mwakudziŵa zoyenera zanu, kuzindikira malire awo, kukhala odziŵa, kukhala ndi phande m'kuswa malamulo, ndi kudziŵa mmene mungayankhire, mumakhala wosunga ufulu wogwira ntchito. Mbadwo uliwonse uyenera kukonzanso pangano limeneli. Ziwopsezo zingayambike / kuchokera ku kuyang'anira malo ofufuzira ndi kupima zinthu mwaluso / koma malamulo amakhalidwe amakhalidwe amakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Anthu amene amalemekeza ufulu wa anthu ndiwo amene angakule, kusemphana ndi kumveka, ndi kutsata chilungamo.