Chifukwa Chake Kusiyana Kumeneku Kulipo pa Moyo Wanu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Nthaŵi iliyonse pamene muyendetsa galimoto, kukhoma misonkho, kutumiza mwana kusukulu, kapena kuchezera dokotala, mumachita ndi maboma a boma ndi a boma omwe. Komabe nzika zambiri zimavutika kulongosola zimene mlingo uliwonse umachita. Kusokonezeka kumeneku n’komveka. Miyezo ya boma ndi boma yasintha zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri m’mbiri ya Amereka, ndipo imapitirizabe kusinthika mwa zigamulo za khoti, malamulo, ndi mkangano wa ndale zadziko.

Kumvetsetsa amene akuchita zimene zikukuthandizani kudziŵa kumene mungapereke mafunso, madandaulo, kapena mapempho a chithandizo. Kumathandizanso kuzindikira zigomeko za ndale zadziko zimene mumamva m’nyuzi. pamene bwanamkubwa akaniza lamulo la boma kapena Msonkhano limene limayambukira boma lirilonse, podziŵa maziko a malamulo a kachitidwe kameneka amakupangitsani kupanga lingaliro lanu lodziŵira.

Mudzadziŵa zimene mlingo uliwonse umagwira ntchito, kumene umagwirizana, ndi chifukwa chake kugaŵikana kwa mphamvu kunalinganizidwa monga momwe kunaliri. Pofika mapeto, mudzakhala ndi chidziŵitso chogwira ntchito cha chimodzi cha mbali zofunika koposa za ulamuliro wa Amereka.

Boma Lalikulu: Limamanga Nyumba Zothandiza pa Mavuto a Dziko

Boma la boma linapangidwa kuti lithetse mavuto amene palibe boma limodzi limene lingawathetse lokha. Lisanavomerezedwe mu 1788, Article of Confederation inapanga ulamuliro wofooka umene sunathe kukhazikitsa gulu lankhondo, kuyendetsa malonda a mayiko onse, kapena kukakamiza mapangano. Opanga mafomu pa Constitution adapanga boma lamphamvu la dziko lokhala ndi maulamuliro olongosoka, otchulidwa.

Maziko a Malamulo

Mfundo I, Chigawo 8 cha Malamulo amandandalika mphamvu zoperekedwa kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo. Izi zimaphatikizapo mphamvu ya kuponya ndalama, kulengeza nkhondo, kukweza magulu ankhondo, kukhazikitsa makampani a post , kukhazikitsa maoda, ndi kupatsa msonkho. Malamulo a Claus ndi Seat Classia kumapeto kwa Chigawo 8 amapereka ulamuliro kukhazikitsa malamulo ofunikira kukwaniritsa mphamvu zake zotchulidwa. Mawu ameneŵa akhala maziko a kukula kwa boma kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kusintha kumeneku ndiko maziko a lamulo kaamba ka ulamuliro wa boma ndi chifukwa chimene boma la boma lilili lochepa, osati lamphamvu lachisawawa.

Nthambi Zitatu, Boma Limodzi

Kuti alepheretse mbali iliyonse ya boma kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, Konsichushoni imagawa ulamuliro pakati pa nthambi zitatu zolingana.

  • Nthambi yapadera: Congress, yopangidwa ndi Nyumba ya Oimira ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo, yolemba ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. Nyumbayo imaimira zigawo zozikidwa pa anthu, pamene kuli kwakuti Nyumba imapatsa boma lililonse oimira aŵiri mosasamala za ukulu wake. Makonzedwewa amatsimikizira onse aŵiri kuti onsewo adzalingana ndi kukhazikitsa ulingana.
  • Nthambi yotsatizana: Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, ndi mabungwe a boma amalamulira malamulo operekedwa ndi Congress. Pulezidenti amalamulanso asilikali, kuchita mapangano, ndi kukhazikitsa oweruza a boma. Mabungwe akuluakulu monga Dipatimenti ya Ezamaphunziro, Environmental Protection Agency, ndi Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security anyamula madera otsimikizirika.
  • Nthambi ya judicial : Makhoti a boma, otsogozedwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu, omasulira malamulo ndi kuwapenda kaamba ka malamulo alamulo. Oweruza a Federal amaikidwa kaamba ka moyo kutsimikizira kudziimira pa chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko. Mphamvu ya Khoti Lalikulu la kupenda chiweruzo, yokhazikitsidwa m'nkhani 1803 Marbury v. Madison , imalola kuti igwedeze malamulo amene amaswa malamulo oswa Lamulo.

Zimene Boma Launyinji Limakuchitirani

Boma la Federal Aviation Administration limayang'anira moyo wanu m’njira zimene simungaganizire. Pamene mutumiza kalata, Postal Service ya United States ikuitumiza. Pamene mukwera ndege, Federal Aviation Administration imakhazikitsa miyezo ya chisungiko. Pamene mugula chakudya m’sitolo, Food ndi Drug Administration imatsimikizira kuti nlotetezereka. Social Security, Medicare, ndi Medicaid ndi maprogramu a boma amene amapereka ndalama ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa opuma pantchito ndi opezapo anthu a ku America. Asilikali, mapindu a asilikali, kusungitsa ntchito za kusamuka, ndi malamulo a maiko akunja ndi onse ali mathayo a boma.

Boma la boma limaperekanso ndalama ku maboma kudzera mwa ndalama. Nthaŵi zambiri ndalama zimenezi zimabwera ndi malamulo a boma. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za m’misewu yaikulu zagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mayiko kukweza nyengo yovomerezeka ya kumwa kufika pa 21. Karoti ndi m'zipatala zimenezi zimapatsa boma mphamvu pa zosankha za boma m’madera amene alibe ulamuliro walamulo.

Maboma: Magulu a Demokalase

Maboma ali pafupi ndi anthu. Amasamalira mautumiki atsiku ndi tsiku amene amaumba mudzi wanu ndi njira yanu. Boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo ake, nyumba yake ya malamulo, kazembe wake, ndi dongosolo lake la khoti. Chifukwa chakuti maboma amasunga mphamvu za apolisi kuti ateteze thanzi, chisungiko, ndi ubwino wa nzika zawo ali ndi ufulu waukulu woyesa malamulo osiyanasiyana.

Mmene Maboma Amayendetsera Ntchito Zawo

Maboma ambiri ali ndi Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo, zofanana ndi zimene boma limachita. Opanga malamulo a boma amasinthasintha nthawi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achidule kuposa a m'bungwe la Malamulo.

Bwanamkubwa ndi mkulu wa boma, ali ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma ndi kuyang'anira mabungwe a boma. Maboma ali ndi mphamvu ya kusaina kapena kutumiza malamulo, kutumiza malamulo a akuluakulu a boma, ndi kulamulira a National Guard. Makhoti amayang'anira milandu yambiri ya milandu ku United States, kuphatikizapo milandu ya upandu, milandu ya m'banja, kukhazikitsa kusamvana, ndi kuphwanya mlandu wa munthu payekha.

Zimene Maboma Amalamulira

M’boma muli zinthu zambiri zimene zimakhudza moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

  • [[FLT: 0] Kuphunzitsa: United States amakhazikitsa miyezo ya maphunziro, aphunzitsi ovomerezeka, ndi kugaŵira ndalama za sukulu za boma. Zigawo za sukulu za kumaloko zimagwiritsira ntchito malamulo ameneŵa, koma boma limakhazikitsa maziko.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ndi boma limapereka ndalama ndi kuika miyezo ya chitetezo chozikika, koma boma limasankha liwiro, mageti a DUI, ndi zofunika zoika dala.
  • Chiweruzo chalamulo: Upandu wambiri uli milandu ya boma. Kuphwanya, kupha, ndi milandu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo imazengedwa m'makhoti a boma. Apolisi a boma ndi osungitsa lamulo akomweko amaweruza milandu yokha imene imadutsana ndi mizera ya boma kapena imachitika m’mabwalo a boma.
  • Kusamalira kwa : Madziko amalamulira madokotala, zipatala, ndi makampani a inshuwalansi. Amayendetsa maprogramu a Medicaid mogwirizana ndi boma la boma ndi kuika malamulo ambiri a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo yogulitsidwa m'malire awo.
  • Lamulo la banja: [ Ukwati, chisudzulo, kusunga ana, ndi kulera ana amalamulidwa ndi lamulo la boma. Ichi nchifukwa chake malamulo a ukwati ndi chisudzulo amasiyana m'dziko ndi boma.
  • Kusintha ndi mapangano: malonda a malo, maunansi a mwini malo, zikalata, ndi mapangano a malonda ali nkhani zonse za lamulo la boma.

Kutsatira Lamulo la 10 la Kusintha

Demendment ya 10 si chilolezo cha mphamvu ku maboma koma chikumbutso chakuti mphamvu zimene siziperekedwa ku boma la boma zasungidwa. Izi zalola maboma kukonzanso njira zimene zasonkhezera lamulo la dziko. Mwachitsanzo, maboma oyesedwa ndi malipiro a antchito, inshuwalansi ya ulova, ndi malamulo ochepera boma lisanatenge malamulo ofanana. Zitsanzo zaposachedwapa zimaphatikizapo kachitidwe kapamwamba ka boma pa kuvomerezedwa mwalamulo, kupuma kwa banja kolipidwa, ndi chinsinsi. Kufufuza kumeneku kumapereka umboni weniweni wa dziko umene ungadziŵitse mkangano wa dziko lonse.

Kumene Ulamuliro Waukulu ndi Boma Ukula

Maboma a dziko ndi a boma samachita zinthu zosiyana, ndipo mbali zambiri za moyo wa ku America zimaphatikizapo zonse ziŵiri kugwira ntchito pamodzi, nthaŵi zina mogwirizana ndipo nthaŵi zina pankhondo.

Mphamvu Zomwe Zilipo

Maulamuliro anthaŵi zonse ndi aja ochitidwa ndi onse aŵiri boma ndi maboma. Onse aŵiri akhoza kukhoma misonkho ya levy, kubwereka ndalama, kukhazikitsa makhoti, mabanki a malamulo, ndi kumanga zigwirizano. Mfungulo njakuti machitidwe a boma sangawombane ndi lamulo la boma pamene boma la boma likuchita mogwirizana ndi ulamuliro wake walamulo.

Kugwirizana

Kuyambira m'ma 1930, boma la boma linayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri ndi maboma kudzera m'makampani, mapulogalamu ogawidwa, ndi madongosolo a bungwe limodzi. Chitsanzo chimenechi, nthaŵi zina chimatchedwa kuti chipani cha boma logwirizana, chimalamulira lerolino. Mdicaid ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Boma limakhazikitsa ziyeneretso za maziko ndi kupereka ndalama zofanana, pamene boma limapanga ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu awo m’zitsogozo. Chotsatirapo chake ndicho mtundu wokhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malowo.

Chiyeso cha Mgwirizano

Pamene malamulo a boma ndi a boma akutsutsana, Supremacy Claus mu Mfundo VI ya Malamulo amapanga lamulo la boma kukhala lalikulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lamulo lovomerezeka la boma lingachotse lamulo la boma pa nkhani imodzimodziyo. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la boma loloŵa m’dziko limachotsa kuyesayesa kwa boma kukhazikitsa lamulo la kusamuka. Lamulo la boma lolephera kulowa m'dzikolo limaletsa olakwawo kuthaŵa ngongole m’njira zimene zimasiyana ndi boma. Kuchotsedwako kuli magwero a lamulo lalamulo la boma lopitirizabe, makamaka m’madera onga malamulo a malo okhalako zachilengedwe, temnega, ndi mautumiki a zachuma.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Dziko Zimene Zimakuyambukirani

Mukhoza kuzindikira zinthu zambiri ngati mukuona kuti zikukuyenderani.

Misonkho

Mumakhoma msonkho wa boma ndi wa boma. Boma la boma limagwiritsira ntchito dongosolo la misonkho yopita patsogolo yokhala ndi ziŵerengero za ndalama za msonkho kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 37 peresenti. Maboma ambiri amapanganso ndalama za msonkho, koma mlingo ndi mabuloketi amasiyana. Mayiko ena alibe msonkho wa ndalama zonse. Msonkho ndi wa boma makamaka ndi wa boma, wokhala ndi ziŵerengero zoyambira pa 5 peresenti mpaka 10 peresenti kudalira pa kumene mumakhala. Misonkhoma ya malo ndi malo ndi malo amakhazikitsa malamulo oŵerengera ndi kusonkhanitsa. Kuzindikira mlingo wa boma umene umakuthandizani kuona kumene ndalama zanu zimapita ndi amene angakufunseni mafunso.

Kusamalira thanzi

Affordble Care Act inachita mapangano a boma a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, koma maboma amayang'anira misika yawoyawo kapena kulephera ku papulatifomu ya boma. Medicaid amachirikizidwa mogwirizana, ndi maboma ophatikiza pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya ndalama pa avareji. Maboma amene anafutukula Medicaid pansi pa ACA andan indasitale yotsika kwambiri kuposa maboma omwe sanatero. Zimenezi zimapanga kusiyana kwenikweni kwa njira za za zaumoyo malinga ndi kumene mumakhala.

Maphunziro

Boma la boma limapereka pafupifupi 8 peresenti ya ndalama za sukulu za boma kupyolera m'maprogramu onga ngati Thit I ndi Associal With Direct Act . Koma maboma ndi madera a kumaloko amapereka zotsala ndi kupanga zosankha zambiri ponena za maphunziro, zikalata za aphunzitsi, ndi zofunika zomaliza maphunziro. Lamulo la Federal limaletsa tsankho m'maphunziro, koma boma limasankha mmene angaphunzitsire mbiri, sayansi, ndi kuŵerenga.

Muziyendetsa galimoto

Laisensi ya dalaivala yaperekedwa ndi boma lanu. Malamulo a galimoto, liŵiro, ndi nyengo zokonzanso zimasiyana kwambiri. Boma la boma limakhazikitsa miyezo ya chisungiko kaamba ka galimoto ndi kupereka ndalama zapamsewu zimene zimabwera ndi mikhalidwe, koma malamulo enieni a msewu ndiwo lamulo la boma. Nchifukwa chake laisensi ya boma lina nloyenera m'linzake, koma malamulo otsimikizirika amene mumatsatira podutsa malire a boma.

Ukwati ndi Banja

Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la 2015 mu Obergefell v. Hodges inakhazikitsa ufulu wa boma wa ukwati umodzi, koma malamulo a tsiku ndi tsiku a ukwati akukhalabe lamulo la boma. Maboma amakhazikitsa zofunika za zaka za ukwati, nyengo zoyembekezera, ndi njira zosudzula. Kuchirikiza mwana, ndi kulera ana amachitidwa m’makhoti onse a boma.

Chilamulo cha Chigawenga

Malamulo ambiri aupandu ndi malamulo a boma. Ngati mukodwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga, mumaswa lamulo la boma. Ngati muimbidwa mlandu wakuba kapena kuukira, boma limakuimbani mlandu. Lamulo la boma la Federal limabisa kokha mbali zina monga kuzembetsa mankhwala m'zigawo, chinyengo, ndi upandu pa katundu wa boma. Nthaŵi zina kachitidwe kameneka kangaswe lamulo la boma ndi la boma, kutsogolera ku mabwalo amilandu osiyana.

Kusiyana Maganizo pa Nkhani Yochita Zinthu Mopitirira Malire

Kusiyana pakati pa boma ndi boma kungafotokozedwe mwachidule mwachidule mwa njira yogwira ntchito imene imayambukira zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi boma.

  • Kusiyanitsa kwa olamulira: malamulo a Federal amagwira ntchito mofanana m'maboma makumi asanu onse. Malamulo a boma amagwira ntchito kokha m'malire a boma limenelo. Lamulo la boma lonena za chisungiko cha ntchito limagwira ntchito kwa bwana aliyense m’dzikolo. Lamulo la boma lonena za malipiro limagwira ntchito kwa antchito m’bomalo.
  • Magwero a mphamvu: Boma la boma liri ndi mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi Konsichushoni. Maboma ali ndi mphamvu zachisawawa za kuchitapo kaamba ka thanzi, chisungiko, ndi ubwino wa nzika zawo, zoikizidwa ndi malamulo a boma.
  • Kupanga malamulo: malamulo a Federal ayenera kudutsa zipinda zonse ziŵiri za Congress ndi kusainidwa ndi Pulezidenti. Malamulo a boma ayenera kutsata nyumba ya malamulo ndi kusainidwa ndi bwanamkubwa. Kachitidweko kamakhala kofanana m'makonzedwe koma mofulumira kwambiri pa mlingo wa boma.
  • Kuvomereza: maboma ali pafupi ndi ovota ndipo angayankhe mofulumira ku zosoŵa za kumaloko. Kupanga malamulo kwa bungwe sikuchedwa ndipo kumapeputsa, kolinganizidwira kukhazikitsa chimvano chachikulu chisanayambukire mtundu wonse.
  • Chigamulo cha Confublict:[[FLT :1] Pamene malamulo a boma ndi a boma akutsutsana, lamulo la boma likukhalapo. Khoti Lapamwamba ndilo lomaliza kuletsa mikangano imeneyi.

Chifukwa Chake Unzika Uli Wofunika Kudziŵa Zimenezi

Kumvetsetsa kugaŵikana kwa mphamvu pakati pa boma la boma ndi boma sikuli kokha njira yamaphunziro. Kumathandiza kudziŵa amene angachezere pamene muli ndi vuto. Chiboo cha pamsewu cha m’tauni ndi nkhani ya tauni. Vuto la mapindu a Social Security ndilo nkhani ya boma. Kudandaula za dokotala kuli nkhani ya boma. Kulunjikitsa nkhaŵa zanu kumlingo woyenera wa boma kumapulumutsa nthaŵi ndi kugwiritsidwa mwala.

Kudziwa zimenezi kungakuthandizeninso kudziwa ngati munthu amene akufuna kusintha zinthu zandale akulonjeza kusintha njira yophunzitsira kapena yosamalira thanzi lake, podziwa ngati zimenezi zingachitikedi kuchokera ku Washington kapena ku likulu la boma.

Pomalizira, kumvetsetsa boma kukuthandiza kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka dongosolo la America. Opanga mafream adapanga kakonzedwe kamene kamagwirizanitsa umodzi wa dziko ndi ufulu wa dziko. Maboma angayese, kusintha, ndi kuonetsa makhalidwe a m'madera pamene boma likupereka maziko a ufulu wofanana ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Kulinganiza kumeneko kumayesedwa nthaŵi zonse ndi kugawidwanso, nchifukwa chake nkhani za nzika zodziŵa bwino tsopano zikukula kuposa ndi kale lonse.

Kuŵerenga Kowonjezereka

Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za maboma a boma ndi boma, chezerani USA. gov . podziŵa za maprogramu ndi mautumiki a boma. Conret. gov webusaiti imapereka mapangano a boma ndi Congregation Record.