Chinyengo cha Elector chidakali chimodzi cha ziwopsezo zopitirizabe za ulamuliro wa demokrase padziko lonse. Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho ambiri amachitidwa bwino, ngakhale zochitika zachinyengo zingathetse kudalirana kwa anthu ndi kuyambitsa kusakhazikika kwa ndale zadziko. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinyengo cha osankhidwa, zitetezero zolinganizidwa kuwaletsa, ndipo mavuto othetsa kutetezera umphumphu wa masankho nkofunika kwa nzika, opanga malamulo, ndi oyang'anira masankho. Nkhaniyi imapereka chithunzi chozama, chozama cha chinyengo, mizu yake ya mbiri yakale, njira zamakono zotetezera, ndi ntchito zaluso lamakono m'kutetezera bokosi la olaŵa.

Kodi Chinyengo cha Elector nchiyani?

Chinyengo cha Electoral chimaphatikizapo ntchito zambiri zosakhala za lamulo zofuna kuwongolera zotsatira za chisankho. Zimenezi zingachitike pasadakhale, pa nthaŵi ya kuvota, kapena pambuyo pa kuvota ndipo zingaphatikizepo ovota, ofuna kuvota, akuluakulu a masankho, kapena zigawo zachitatu. Cholinga chachikulu cha kuba mwachinyengo ndicho kusokoneza ufulu ndi chilungamo cha chigamulo cha wovota. Mitundu yofala imaphatikizapo:

  • Kuyerekezera : Kuponya pepala pansi pa dzina la munthu wina, kaya pamaso kapena kupyolera mwa kuphonya. Ngakhale kuti n’zovuta, kufufuza kwa Brennan Center ya Chilungamo kukuyerekezera kuti kuba koyerekezera kumachitika pamiyeso yotsika kwambiri [1] pasi pa 0.01% ya mavoti opotoleredwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kulemba kampani: Kuika mavoti achinyengo owonjezereka m'bokosi losankhika kapena kuyendetsa ziŵerengero za mavoti a magetsi. Limeneli linali vuto lalikulu m'mbiri m'ndale za makina, monga ngati m'masankho otchuka a Chicago mu 1960.
  • Kugula mwachisawawa: Kuchotsa ndalama, katundu, kapena mautumiki a voti. N’kofala kwambiri m'madongosolo a ndale zadziko ndi otsatsa malonda, kumene mamembala amagwiritsira ntchito maprogramu ochilikiza kuchirikiza.
  • Osankha otsogolera: Kutsutsa chidziŵitso chonyenga chonena za njira zovotera, malo, kapena kulephera kutsekereza ofufuza kapena otsatsa. Mkati mwa chisankho cha 2016 U.S., mwachitsanzo, mabot a makampani a social anafalitsa malo oonera olakwika.
  • Kunyenga kwa kulembetsa: Kupereka kulembetsa konyenga (m' lekuatiso la ovota akufa kapena maadiresi osagwirizana) ku mapepala owonjezera, amene kenaka angagwiritsiridwe ntchito pa chinyengo cha olephera kulembedwa kapena kuonetsa kukwera kwa mapepala.
  • Kunyenga kwa abbasee: [[FT:1] Kujambula kapena kusintha mapepala a makalata, kusindikiza zikalata, kapena kututa mapepala kuchokera kwa ovota opanda chitetezo. Imeneyi yakhala maziko a mkangano monga kuchulukitsa makalata.
  • Kusintha kwa kutseguka kwa voti: Kusintha kapena kusokoneza mwakuthupi ndi makina opangira voti, kapena kusintha programu kuti ikhale mavoti. Zochitika zosadziŵika zimaphatikizapo 2000 “mphindi za chigawo , ngakhale kuti limenelo linali liŵongo lachigamulo m’malo mwa chinyengo chadala.

Kuli kofunika kudziŵa kuti si kulakwa kulikonse kwa masankho kumene kuli chinyengo. Zophophonya, zolakwa zauyang’aniro, ndi masoka achilengedwe zingayambitse chinyengo ngakhale pamene palibe cholinga cha upandu. U.S. Ecomment Implation Commission imasunga zitsogozo zothandizira kusiyanitsa pakati pa chinyengo ndi kusayenerera.

Mbiri ya Chinyengo cha Anthu

Chinyengo cha Electoral chakhala ndi mbiri yaitali ndi yonyansa, ndi nyengo iriyonse yopanga njira ndi zinyazi zosiyana zimene zinasonkhezera chisinthiko cha zitetezero za masankho.

Chinyengo Cha m’Zaka za Zana la 20 Zapita

Kufalikira kwa kuvomereza mavoti achinsinsi, kugula ndi kuopseza kunali kofala. Mu 18 -century Britain, “mabudula ovunda [1] analola eni malo a nyumba ya malamulo kulamulira mipando ya nyumba ya malamulo mwa chiphuphu. Mofananamo, patapita Civil War America, masankho okonzanso ku South adaipitsidwa ndi chiwawa, misonkho ya kuvota, ndi kuba kotheratu mabokosi a boloti. Chisankho cha pulezidenti pakati pa Rutherford B. Hay ndi Samuel Tilden chinatchula mapangano ambiri ndi mapepala opikisana a osankhidwa a osankhidwa, kutsogolera ku ku kulolera kolakwa kwa 1877 , kumapeto kwenikweni kwa ku L.

Milandu Yodziŵika ya M’zaka za zana la 20

  • Chisankho cha mu Mexico cha 1988 cha pulezidenti: Malamulo a kuipitsa kontrakira ndi chigamulo cha Institutional Rrevolution Party (PRI) anali ofalikira. Dongosolo la kompyuta limene linaŵerengera mavoti “ajambulidwa” pamene wotsatira wotsalira wotchuka Cuauthtémoc Cárdenas anawoneka kukhala wotsogolera; pamene adaikhazikitsa, PRIN MPRA Carlos Salinas adapambana. Chisonkhetso chimenechi chinafuna uyang'aniro wa ufulu wodzisankhira, umene pomalizira pake unadza ndi kulengedwa kwa Federal Elctoral Institute (IFE) mu 1990.
  • Filpines 2004 “Kawonekedwe ka Garci” kochititsa manyazi: Kukambitsirana kwa mafoni pakati pa Prezidenti Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ndi mkulu wa chisankho anapereka lingaliro la kugwirizana kuti asinthe mavoti. Chigaŵengacho chinayambitsa zitsutso ndi kugogomezera kulephera kwa kuŵerengera kwa mavoti a manja m’magawo aakulu, omwazikana.
  • United Kingdom 2005 “Post Vote Chinyengo”: m'mavoti angapo akumaloko, makampani olinganiza anasonkhanitsa ziŵerengero zazikulu za mavoti apositi pansi pa mikhalidwe yokayikitsa. Electoral Reformation Society inalemba nkhani zimene anthu anatumiza zikalata zosainidwa ndi zikalata zotsatiridwa, zimene zinatsogolera ku kutsendereza malamulo a voti.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo

M'zaka za zana la 21, chinyengo chakhala chocholoŵana ndi chogaŵanika. Chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States chinayang'anizana ndi zitokoso za lamulo zosayerekezereka ndi kufalikira kwa chinyengo, ngakhale kuti kufufuza kochuluka ndi milandu ya khoti , zokhala 60 . Kunalibe umboni wa kulinganiza kumene kukanasintha zotsatirapo. Mmalomwake, cholinga cha kutsutsa ndi kuyesa kusokoneza, ponse paŵiri zapanyumba ndi zachilendo. Malinga ndi kufufuza kwa BREnnan Center , kuchitika kwachinyengo cholembedwa ndi voti mu U.S.

Zitetezero pa Kunyenga Kopambana

Kutetezera umphumphu wa masankho, mademokrase apanga chitetezo chamitundumitundu chimene chimagwira ntchito pambali iriyonse ya ntchito ya voti. Njira zimenezi sizili zangwiro, koma zonse pamodzi zimapanga chinyengo chachikulu kukhala chovuta kwambiri kuchichita popanda kupezedwa.

Kuzindikira Zofunika

Maiko ambiri amafuna mtundu wakutiwakuti wa mavoti. Malamulo a Chigawo cha ID amafuna kuletsa kudziyerekezera pamalo ofufuza. Komabe, iwo amatsutsananso chifukwa chakuti ziyeneretso za ID zokhwima zingathetseretu anthu ochepa, okalamba, ndi osankhidwa otsika amene alibe maID a boma. Mfungulo ndi kulinganiza chisungiko ndi kupezeka. Maboma ena, monga Canada ndi maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, amapereka makadi aufulu a maID a dziko kwa nzika zonse, pamene ena, mofanana ndi U.S., amadalira ntchito yapadera ya malamulo a boma. Maphunziro a [FLT:] U. . Komiti ya boma ya boma yapeza kuti maofesi a boma akutsika pansi pa malamulo audindo ovuta, makamaka pakati pa magulu a anthu ochepa.

Madongosolo Opangira Zinthu Otetezereka

Luso la zopangapanga lasintha kuchokera ku mapepala opanga mapepala (amene agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri) kutsogolera makina amagetsi (DRE) ojambula, makina oonera zinthu, ndi, m'malo ochepa, kuvota kwa pa Intaneti. Dongosolo lililonse limabwera ndi malonda. Mapepala amapatsa njira yopimira koma ingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Makina a DRE ndi ogwirizana ndi Mulungu koma amasuliridwa chifukwa chosoŵa pepala lovomerezeka. Ambiri tsopano akuphatikizapo pepala lokhala ndi pulogalamu (VVPAT). Muyezo wa golidi, mogwirizana ndi akatswiri a za kusanthula monga Vreting Foundation, ndi mapepala ojambula ndi pepala osonyezedwa ndi njira ya oonera, kuphatikizapo ngozi pambuyo posankha.

Masheya Oyendera ndi Otsatizana

Kufufuza ndi pepala la kampani ya kampani ya kampani ya kampani ya kampani ya kampani ya kampani kulola akuluakulu a boma kutsimikizira kuti kuŵerengera mavoti kukugwirizana ndi mavoti enieni. Mayeso a kusanthula mavoti a kumbuyo . Monga mmene mabuku amafotokozera za mabwalo a malowa mwachisawawa [1] N’ngofunika kwambiri kuti apeze chinyengo kapena zolakwa. Mapilo a ngozi, amene amasintha kukula kwa mavoti ogwirizana ndi kuyandikira kwa mpikisano, amaonedwa kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Colorado, Rhode Island, ndi zina zoŵerengeka zingapo za U.S.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kutsutsa Akuluakulu a Chisankho

Kulakwa kwa munthu ndi ziwopsezo za mkati ndizo zinthu zazikulu zotengera chinyengo. Akuluakulu a chisankho ayenera kulandira maphunziro okwanira pa njira zadongosolo za opasa ofufuza, khalidwe lolondola la antchito, ndi mmene angachitire ndi zinthu zosayenera. Macheke akumbuyo, mapangano osakhala a mbali ya gulu, ndi maphunziro a makhalidwe abwino amathandiza kuchepetsa kuloŵerera kwa oukira. M'maboma 50% a ku America, alembi a boma oyang'anira masankhoti, zimene zadzutsa nkhaŵa za mavuto a chikondwerero; maiko ena mmalo mwa makampani osankha m'maudindo a makampani a ufulu, monga mu UK ndi India.

Njira Zotetezera Zosankha Zamakono

Kuwonjezera pa njira zodzitetezera, masankho amakono amapanga njira zatsopano zochitira zinthu mwachangu kuti apeŵe chinyengo chisanachitike.

Kulembetsa pa Intaneti Motsimikizira

Makompyuta olembetsa pa Intaneti angachepetse zolakwa ndi chinyengo mwa kutsimikizira dalaivala yosagwirizana ndi madipatimenti a galimoto, chitetezo cha anthu, ndi mabungwe ena a boma. Maadiresi amenewa amayendera mbendera ku maofesi ovomerezeka, ndi zikalata zosemphana ndi malo. Mayiko ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Electronic Religion Information Center (ERIC), kuwonjezera zinthu zimene sizili zothandiza kuti asunge mfundo zolondola, zosanthula. Komabe, ERIC yakhalanso chiwembu cha ziganizo zopeka ziganizo zopeka chiwembu, kugogomezera chigamulo cha anthu onse.

Maphunziro a Onse ndi Kuwonana Kwabwino

Kusintha anthu ovota kuti apange mavoti, kuti avote, ndi zimene angachite ngati akuganiza kuti zinthu zosayenera ndi njira yaikulu yotetezera. Masewera a maphunziro a anthu onse monga “Onani Chinachake, Lankhulani Chake”, otsogolera, ndi machenjezo a makompyuta onena za kusintha kwa malo. Nzika za mphamvu za dziko kuti zichite monga olonda. Kuwona mtima kumachokeranso ku kulola gulu la alonda ndi ofufuza osakhala a pa gulu, limodzinso ndi ofufuza apadziko lonse (mg., OSCE, Carter Center), kuyang'anira malo alionse a voti. Mu U.S., 202020 anaona ofufuza opitirira 400,000 m'maboma ofufuza.

Kufufuza Zinthu Mogometsa

Akuluakulu a bungwe la zopangapanga tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu ya zopangapanga kuti adziwe zikalata zokayikitsa pa ma assee bolot (m'chitsanzo, ma alottes ambiri ndi malemba amodzi), zikhoterero zachilendo m'kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, kapena mafaelo ovotera amene ali ndi mapempho ambiri ofuna kuti abwezere ma abulu owonjezera. Awanso amazindikira kuti ayesa kutumiza mafomu opeka olakwika kuchokera ku keyala iIP yomweyi. Mwachitsanzo, New Jersey Division of Evoctes, imagwiritsira ntchito dongosolo la propriery kupangira sigineti yothekera kutumiza zikalata asanaŵerenge ma a ma a ma aŵaloti.

Maulamuliro a Mail Ballots

Kuvota kwakhala kukuwonjezeka, makamaka pambuyo pa 2020. Kuletsa kuphana kwaposi, maulamuliro agwiritsira ntchito kulembedwa kwa pepala la bar kodenti iliyonse, kusaina kokakamiza, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito “kuponya mabokosi a kanema . Oregon, kumene kuvota makalata kwakhala padziko lonse kuyambira 1998, ziŵerengero zachinyengo zakhala zosafunika chifukwa cha malamulo ameneŵa. National Conference of Legislatures , Communice of State Regict:0] imapereka [[FLT:]] malamulo a boma ovomereza kutsimikizira.

Mavuto a Kuthetsa Chinyengo cha Anthu Ochita Zamalonda

Ngakhale kuti pali chitetezo champhamvu, zopinga zambiri zimalepheretsa anthu kusamala mwachinyengo.

Kutsutsa Ndale ndi Kusintha

Njira zotetezera chinyengo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasintha. Chipani chimodzi chingafulumire malamulo okhwima a ovota, kutsutsa kuti n’zofunika kuletsa chinyengo, pamene chipani chinacho chikunena kuti malamulowo anapangidwa kuti chizitsekereze. Kugaŵanitsa kumeneku kumalepheretsa kukonza zinthu mochokera ku umboni. Mwachitsanzo, mikangano yokhudza H.R. 1 (Yation the People Act) mu 2021 inaonetsa magaŵano aakulu a anthu pa kaya kufutukuka kapena kutsendereza chitetezo kuyenera kuikidwa patsogolo.

Kukayikira ndi Kusokonekera

Ndemanga zolakwika za masankho zingathetse chidaliro ngakhale pamene kulibe chinyengo. “bodza lalikulu” lakuti masankho 2020 a ku United States anabedwa anapangitsa kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo atsopano oletsa kuvota m’maiko ena ndipo, mowopsa kwambiri, ku kuukira kwa January 6, 2021 ku U.S. Capitol. Kuletsa kukufuna kulankhulana kwapoyera kwa akuluakulu a masankho, maprogramu a zamaphunziro a m'manyuzipepala, ndi kugwirizana ndi mapulogalamu a makampani a za manyuzipepala ndi mapulogalamu a anthu kuti alembe kapena achotse nkhani zabodza.

Kulephera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Okhala

Maofesi ambiri a masankho akugwira ntchito pa ndalama zoyendetsera. Makina ovota, kulemba ntchito akatswiri a zachinsinsi pa Intaneti, kuyang'anira zofufuza zapambuyo pa kusankhidwa, ndi kulangiza anthu onse amafunikira ndalama. Bungwe loona za democracy & Technology laona kuti mayiko ambiri amadalira pa zipangizo zakale zimene sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mathayo a Federal, monga ngati Help America Vote Act (Hava) ndalama zimene zathandiza koma kaŵirikaŵiri zakhala ndi zingwe zoyendera zina ndipo sizikutsimikiziridwa chaka chilichonse.

Kuwononga Umisiri

Pamene masankho akukula, malo oukira akukula. Kuwawanya mizu yolembera pepala la voti, kukana kulowa m'mawebusaiti a chisankho usiku popereka lipoti, ndi kuthekera kwa kusamvera makina ovota kukupitirizabe nkhaŵa. Kuloŵerera kwa Russia, kumene kunayang'anira njira zolembera zovomerezera m'mayiko 21, kunasonyeza kuti adani akunja amaona kuti kusankhidwa ndi chinthu chofewa. Pamene kuli kwakuti makina ambiri sagwirizana ndi intaneti, kuyendetsa kwa makampani okonza ndi mapepala a chikumbukiro kuti asiye kuvomereza ngati malamulo a boma satsatiridwa.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo Zoletsa Chinyengo

Lupanga lamakono ndi lupanga lolimba kwambiri: limapanga malupanga atsopano komanso ziŵiya zamphamvu zotetezera ndi kutulukira.

Kutulutsa Malo Otsekeredwa ndi Malo Otsekemera

Technology ya Blockchain imapereka njira yokhoza kutetezera kujambula mavoti. M'dongosolo la zotsekera, voti lililonse limakhala lobisika “chidutswa” chogwirizanitsidwa ndi chija chapapitapo mtsogoleri wa anthu. Kuyesa kusintha chivoti kungafunikire kusintha ziwiya zonse zotsatirapo, kupanga chinyengo choopsa. Maprojekiti a Pilo wachitika ku West Virginia (kukapesewera kwa asilikali a kumaiko akunja kwa dziko, Utah, ndipo ngakhale m'masankhota a dzikolo m'maiko monga Estonia, zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito njira yake yosanthula ya pa Intaneti (i-ioti). Otsutsa apeza kuti kutsekachain sathetsa vuto lalikulu la kutsimikizira chivoti cha ovoti m'malo oyamba, ndi ofufuza (g.

Kutsimikizira Kuti Kuli ndi Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana Zofunika

Makinawa ndi ojambula zinthu zambiri padziko lonse. Ku Ghana, makina ofufuzira zinthu pa malo ofufuzira kapena potsimikizira kuti pali zinthu zina zimene alephera kuziona. Komabe, makompyuta a sayansi a ku India amawonjezera nkhawa zachinsinsi ndipo sangakhoze ngati zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono.

Kukhazikika kwa Makhalidwe

Maofesi osankhira akuyendera limodzi ndi mabungwe adziko a zachitetezo pa Intaneti, monga Cybersecurity ndi Infrapublic Security Agency (CISA) mu Mautumiki a United States amaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa kuyesa, kuyesa, kuyeseza pa ndandanda ya mayankhidwe a zochitika, ndi malo otetezeka olankhulirana (m'jerect , E , Resilience Exchange). CISICA EFUTEC SE SERY SERY [ imapereka chuma cha boma ndi akuluakulu a boma la kumaloko kuti aumitse njira zawo.

Kufufuza Nthaŵi Yeniyeni ndi Kuphunzira Makina

Luntha lopanga lingawone mawonekedwe olakwika m'nthaŵi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bwalo lapadera linena za kutulukira kwapamwamba kwa gulu lina limene silikugwirizana ndi zizoloŵezi za anthu, ofufuza angalifufuze. Mofananamo, kuyang'anira za makampani a anthu kaamba ka mkupiti wogwirizanitsa mawu kumalola kuyankha kofulumira. Kuphunzira kwa makina kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutsimikizira kusaina kwa otsatsa malonda otsalira m'mbiri yosungidwa mu ndandanda ya zinthu zamakono, ngakhale kuti ma algoridiat si angwiro ndipo angayambitse tsankho ngati silinaphunzitsidwe pa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kufikira Pachisankho kwa Mayiko Onse

Mayiko osiyanasiyana amaonera mavoti achinyengo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimaphunzitsa ena maphunziro.

Estonia: Kuchita upainiya pa Intaneti

Estonia wakhala ndi masankho ogwirizana ndi intaneti kwa zaka zoposa 10. Mavoteria amaponya makadi awo a ID ndi machips osungidwa. Dongosolo limagwiritsira ntchito kutsimikizira kope la mafashoni ndi kumapeto, ndipo ovota angatsimikizire kuti voti yawo yalembedwa molondola pogwiritsa ntchito apulogalamu yapakompyuta. Njira ya Estonia imachepetsa kutengeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulira, koma imadalira pa kupezeka kwa ma ID ndi kulemba ma zinenero zambiri. Dzikoli silinaone chinyengo cholembedwa m'masankhoti, ngakhale kuti ofufuza zachitetezo ena akuda nkhaŵa ndi makompyuta a pa Intaneti.

India: Makina opangidwa ndi madzi ndi makina opangira madzi

India, demokrase yaikulu koposa padziko lonse, imagwiritsira ntchito makina ovota (EVM) m'masiteshoni onse ofufuza. Mavoter ayenera kupereka khadi la Voter ID (limene limaphatikizapo chithunzi) ndipo amapimidwa ndi pepala losankhidwiratu. Maboma ambiri amagwiritsiranso ntchito makina osindikizira Mapepala (VVPAT) omwe amasindikiza pepala losonyeza kuti ali oona asanagwe m’bokosi losindikizidwa. Akulua ntchito ya voctop amachititsa kufanana ndi VVPAT slips kuti atetezere kusokoneza. Ngakhale kuti adatsutsa kuti EVPA POGling , bungwe logamula la Indiya Indiya limalemekezedwa kwambiri kukhala lodziimira lokha ndi logwira ntchito.

United Kingdom: Kulamulira Kodziimira Pawokha ndi Malamulo Okhwima

Bungwe la UK la Electoral Commission ndi bungwe lodziimira lokha limene limayang'anira ndawala, kulembetsa zipani zandale, ndi kuika malamulo a kulembetsa. Kuvota kwa Postal kumafuna chifukwa chomveka (mwachitsanzo, kukhala kutali ndi nyumba), ndipo mafomu onse amafufuzidwa. Mu 2004, pambuyo pa chinyengo ku Birmingham, UK anayambitsa kulembetsa munthu aliyense payekha (kulembetsanso m'banja) kuti kukhale kovuta kupeka kulembetsa. UK amaletsanso gawo lachitatu “kulandira kampani ya mapositaloti.

United States: Federalism Yolinganizidwa

U.S. uli ndi madongosolo 50 osiyanasiyana osankha, limodzi ndi msanganizo wake wa zotetezera. Federalism imalola kuyesa / mwachitsanzo, voti ya Oregon paposi ndi ya Pennsylvania ndi yopereka makalata ndi kulemberana makalata . komanso imayambitsa kusokonezeka ndi kulephera. Post-2020, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo atsopano a chitetezo, kuphatikizapo kuletsa ndalama zachinsinsi za maofesi a voti (kutsatira Zuckberg) ndi kulimbitsa kusainidwa kwa zikalata za kampani zopanda ntchito. Mayiko ena akulitsa kuvota ndi kulembetsa kodziwitsa kwachiyambi kwa nthaŵi yoyamba. Mkhalidwe wapamwamba wa dziko umatanthauza kuti njira yachinyengo iyenera kupambana pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za dziko lonse, koma imapangitsanso kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi malamulo a bungwe la zamakono.

Kumaliza

Kubera machenjera kwa Electoral kuli chiwopsezo chenicheni koma kaŵirikaŵiri chopambanitsa ku demokrase. Bungwe la umboni limasonyeza kuti kutetezeredwa kwamakono kuchokera ku malamulo a ovota ndi kupenda mapepala ku kutsimikizira ndi kupenda kwa pambuyo pake . Nkothandiza kuletsa kuchuluka, chinyengo. Komabe, mavuto a kugaŵidwa kwa ndale zadziko, kulephera kwa chuma, chisinthiko cha sayansi, ndi machenjera amafuna kukhazikika. Mwa kuphunzira ku machitachita abwino koposa a mitundu yonse, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zosankha, ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu onse potetezera voti, democracy ingasunge chikhulupiriro m'zosankha. Chomalizira, kudzitetezera bwino kuli kunyenga, koonekera bwino, kochitidwa ndi zikalata zodziimira modzipatula, ndi kowopsa.