Table of Contents
Kumvetsa Malamulo Opanda Ntchito: Mmene Boma Limakhudzira Malipiro Anu a Mwezi ndi Mwezi
Mapepala anu a magetsi, madzi, ndi achilengedwe amapangidwa ndi dongosolo lovuta la boma lodziŵika monga malamulo a magetsi. Malamulo ameneŵa amakhazikitsa malamulo amene makampani a magetsi amagwira ntchito, kusonkhezera ziŵiya za ogula, ndi kutetezera ogula. Kumvetsetsa mmene dongosololi lingagwiritsirire ntchito kukuthandizani kuyembekezera masinthidwe a ndalama zanu, zindikirani mipata ya kusunga ndalama, ndi kuchirikiza bwino njira zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mbali zazikulu za malamulo a boma, ntchito za mabungwe a boma ndi a boma, ndi njira zachindunji zimene malamulo ameneŵa amakhudza ndalama zanu zapanyumba.
Kodi Malamulo Opanda Ulemu Nchiyani?
Malamulo a zachuma ndi malamulo, ndiponso malamulo oyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a boma oyang’anira ntchito zofunika za makampani monga magetsi, gasi, madzi, ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.
Malamulo amakono mu United States opangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 monga kuyankha ku kukwera kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe . Nyumba za mphamvu . Mafakitale a mphamvu , mizere youlutsira, maatpiter . N’zokwera kwambiri kumanga ndi kujambula. Popanda malamulo, mchirikizo umodzi m'dera limene linalo likhoza kuyendetsa mitengo ya dziko limodzi kapena kunyalanyaza mtundu wa utumiki. Kuletsa zimenezi, maboma anapanga ntchito za boma zothandizira anthu (PUC) kukhazikitsa milingo, kuyang'anira ntchito, ndi kuvomereza kuyendetsa ndalama za ndalama. Lerolino, malamulo a magetsi ndi kuphatikiza chuma, miyezo ya zamakono ndi kuteteza kwapamwamba.
Ntchito ya Boma pa Kugonjera
Kuloŵetsedwa m'malamulo a magetsi kwa boma kumachitika ponse paŵiri m'miyezo ya boma ndi boma. Ma PUC amayang'anira kwambiri mlingo ndi utumiki wa ma thiropoti oikizidwawo (IOUS) ndi ma thiropu ya onse. Federal Energy Relyapitation Commission ([FLT]]FLC [FLT :2] [1] ) imayang'anira kuulutsa magetsi, misika yamagetsi yochuluka, ndi mathiropeti achilengedwe. Ifekishoni ya . Ifekishoni ya . Imatetezera za magetsi ([FLT:][FLT:] PAPA . [FLT:]][FLT]] [5]]) imasungitsa miyezo ya malo ozungulira imene imakhudza ntchito ndi ogula zinthu.
Kukhazikitsa Malire ndi Magulu Opimira
Mtengo wa kusoŵa kwa ndalama suikidwa mwa dala; umagamulidwa kupyolera m'kachitidwe kena kabwino kotchedwa mlandu. Kampani ya kampani imapanga pempho ndi boma la PUC kukonza ndalama zake malinga ndi mtengo wosonyezedwa. Ndiyeno PUC imayang'anira mosamala kwambiri zokhudza kupenda, kumva kwa anthu, ndi umboni wa olemba. Mwezi womaliza wovomerezedwa uyenera kulola kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zibwezeredwe, kulipira ndalama zoyenerera pa ndalama, ndi kusungabe ndalama zambiri pamene kusungidwa kwa ogula. Kachitidwe kameneka kamachititsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yaitali imene ingatenge miyezi isanu ndi ina. Malipiro ovomerezeka amaphatikizapo zinenezo zosasinthasinthasintha (malipiro ake amene angasiyane ndi nthaŵi ya tsiku kapena nyengo) ndi kukonzanso zinthu zina zofunika zoyendera ndalama zoyendetsera.
Kulimbikitsa Utumiki ndi Ubwino
Mabungwe a boma amakhazikitsa malamulo a ntchito zimene odyetsera afunikira kukwaniritsa. Malamulo ameneŵa amasunga nthaŵi za kuyankha, kukhazikika kwa mphamvu ya madzi, ndi ntchito ya makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, ma PUC ambiri amafuna mphamvu zothandizira kubwezeretsa mphamvu m'maola angapo pambuyo pa mphepo ndi kupereka lipoti la kuchuluka kwa manambala monga Servetation Development department (SAID) Index (SAI) ndi Avereji ya Kuwonjezereka kwa Malamulo (SAFI). Zinthu zimene zimalephera kuyang'anira mafaelo ameneŵa zingayang'anizane ndi zabwino kapena kufunikira kuyendetsa zinthu zowonjezera. Anthu angapereke mafoni ndi boma ngati achita utumiki waumphawiri, umene umawachititsa kufunsa.
Kuona Kutsatira Malamulo a M’malo Otizungulira
Makampani a zachuma amapatsidwa malamulo ambiri a malo okhala ku chigawo cha boma, boma, ndi malo a komweko. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo malire otulutsiranso malo amagetsi (m’chitsanzo, Ceasha Air Act, Mercury ndi Air Toxides Directs), kuchotsa madzi pansi pa Sucter Water Act, ndi malamulo oyendetsera zinyalala a phulusa la malasha ndi zina mwa ziwitso. Malamulo a boma okonzanso malo osungirako magetsi (RPS) amafuna kuwonjezera mlingo wowonjezereka wa magetsi kuchokera ku magwero okonzedwanso monga mphepo ndi dzuŵa. Malamulo a malo osungira zinthu angawonjezere mtengo wa ndalama m'nyengo yachidule ya [1] Kutumiza ndalama zambiri kwa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zoyera, zokwera, kaŵirikaŵiri zokwera, mphamvu. EPAFLD: FPUP. [2]
Kuteteza Ufulu wa Anthu Ogula
Malamulo otetezera a malonda amatsimikizira kuonekera, chilungamo, ndi njira yoyenerera mu ubale wa magetsi. Malamulo ameneŵa amafuna maadireshoni kuti apereke zikalata zomveka bwino, kuulutsira masinthidwe a liŵiro, ndi kupereka maprogramu othandizira makasitomala ochepera opezedwa. Malamulo operekedwa amaphatikizapo tsankho la ntchito, kusagwirizana kololedwa kwa nyengo yoopsa, ndi kupotoza ndalama zamagetsi. Maboma ambiri ali ndi ofesi ya wochirikiza (kaŵirikaŵiri mbali ya malo a mkulu wa boma kapena bungwe lapadera lokhala ngati [FLT: 0]] ] . . . . . . . . . .C.C.C.C.C.C. kukuthandizani kuganiza ufulu ufulu wopereka milandu yopereka chilango
Mitundu ya Malamulo Opanda Ubaliro
Ngakhale kuti malamulo amasinthasintha, ndi othandiza kuwaika pa mfundo zikuluzikulu. Mitundu yaikulu ndi yotsatira, malamulo a ntchito, malamulo a malo, ndi malamulo oteteza ogula.
Kusintha kwa Magazi
Malamulo a geti amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magetsi amene angagwiritsiridwe ntchito. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuvomereza mapulani a maziko (mwambo pa ola limodzi, chuchule, kapena malita), kufunitsa ndalama kwa makasitomala aakulu a malonda, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito majeremusi atsopano monga nthaŵi yokwana [1] . Makomiti a boma amavomerezanso kuti ndalama zimene ziwonongedwa pa likululo la magetsi zikhalepo. Kumanga chiwiya chatsopano cha gasi kapena kuikiza mamita atatu alionse [1] ndi kugamula ngati ndalama zoyendetsera ntchitoyo zili zanzeru ndipo zingabwezeretsedwe. Ngati magetsi awononga nthaŵi pa ntchito, ntchitoyo angachotsepo mtengo wobwezera, kuteteza ndalama za ndalama zosafunika. Malamulo amakhazikitsa ndandanda a pansi a mwezi wanu.
Kukonzanso Ubwino wa Utumiki
Malamulo a ntchito amakhazikitsa zikalata za ntchito za makompyuta. Zotsatirapo za matelefoni ndi kutha kwa nthaŵi, avereji ya nthaŵi yamwadzidzidzi, nthaŵi za kugwetsa mpweya, ndi kuchepetsa kwa madzi. Zida za kampani zimafunikiridwa kulemba malipo a chaka ndi chaka ndi Pucs tsatanetsatane wa ntchito yawo. Mabungwe ena amagwirizanitsa zilango za ndalama kapena mphoto kuti mukumane ndi zikalata zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati magetsi alephera kubwezeretsa mphamvu mkati mwa maola 90% a mikuntho yamphamvu, angakakamizidwe kubwezeretsa gawo la zigawa za kampani. Lamulo limeneli limatsimikizira kuti mukhoza kulandira zimene mumapereka kwa oyenera kulipira posachita ntchitoyitsata.
Kusintha kwa Malo Okhala
Malamulo a malo okhala amaika malire pa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Maboma ambiri amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa mpweya wotentha (udzudzu, nitrogen oxide), kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutulutsa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mizere youlutsira, ndi kutaya zinthu zoopsa. Maboma ambiri aphatikizapo zofunika zolinganiza zimene zimakakamiza kuti zisamalitse zinthu zachilengedwe posankha malo atsopano. Maboma ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowononga mpweya wambirimbirimbirimbiri umene umafuna kuchotsa malasha ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu zina. Pamene malamulowa angawonjezere ndalama zowonongedwa kufupi ndi (m.g., kutumiza mafakitale, kukonzanso mphamvu zobweza ndalama zogulira zinthu zachilengedwe, amathandizanso kupeŵa mitengo yaikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa dziko ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo. Bungwe la Consumers likhoza kuona zotsatira za “zopanga zinthu zachilengedwe zodziŵika bwino kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina za .
Kuteteza Mtengo
Malamulo otetezera a malonda amaphatikiza madera monga ngati kutchula molondola, kuteteza, kutsutsana, ndi njira zotsatsa malonda. Mwachitsanzo, maatopiti ayenera kupereka chidziŵitso cha ogula asanatseke ntchito yosapereka malipiro, ndi maboma ambiri amaletsa kutsagana kwa masiku otentha kwambiri. Makampani ogulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi (m'misika yolamulira) ayenera kutsatira choonadi [“makampani otetezera, ” NW] malamulo oletsa kukwezedwa kwachinyengo. Ngati muli ndi chilolezo, boma lanu la PUC kwenikweni limapereka njira yovomerezeka yomwe ingatsogolere ku nyuzi, kumva, kapena chiŵeruzo. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti mumachitidwa bwino ndipo muli ndi njira yowonekera bwino kuti muthetse mavuto popanda kuweruza mlandu.
Mmene Malamulo Oletsa Kubereka Amakhudzira Malipilo Anu a Mwezi ndi Mwezi
Kumvetsa njira zimenezi kungakuthandizeni kukonzekera kusintha kwa zinthu ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino bajeti yanu.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu Potsatira Malangizo
Chiyambukiro chowonekera kwambiri chiri kupyola pa kusintha kwa mlingo wovomerezedwa. Ngati mafaelo a magetsi a kampani asintha kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, kaŵirikaŵiri amapempha kuwonjezereka kukwaniritsa mtengo wa mafuta, kukwera kwa mafakitale, kapena kukwera kwa mitengo. Kumvetsera ndi kupenda kwa anthu kumapatsa ogula mpata wa kutengapo mbali, koma potsirizira pake PUC amasankha ngati kuwonjezekako kuli koyenera. Ngati n’kovomerezeka, mitengo yatsopano imasonyezedwa pa kapepala kanu. Komanso, ngati bungwelo lichepetsa ndalama zimene mwapemphazo, mungaone kuwonjezeka pang'onong’ono kapena ngakhale kuchepa. Kudziwa za mlingo wantchito m'dera lanu kungakuthandizeni kuyembekezera kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndalama.
Njira Zothandizira Kupeza Mphamvu
Oyang'anira amalimbikitsa magetsi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi mwa kuchotsa mphamvu ndi kutaya masinthidwe. Mwamwambo, phindu la magetsi linagwirizana ndi mphamvu zimene anagulitsa [1] chisonkhezero cholakwika cha kuletsa kusungidwa. Malamulo asintha kuti achepetse kugulitsidwa kwa ndalama, kulola zipangizo zothandizira kubwezeretsa ndalama zowonongeka ngakhale pamene ogulawo agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Zimenezi zimapanga chipinda cha zinthu zothandizira kupereka ma magetsi oyendetsera bwino, mayeso aulere, ndi maprogramu a ntchito a kayendetsedwe ka [1] Kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zimenezi kungachepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanu ndi kulipira kwanu kwa mwezi ndi mwezi.
Chiyambukiro cha Uchigaŵenga wa Zachilengedwe pa Kulandira Mtengo
Malamulo a malo okhala angawonjezere mtengo umene waperekedwa kwa ogula. Mwachitsanzo, kutsatira malamulo a EPA pa kutaya phulusa la malasha kapena kutulutsa mercury kungafunike madola mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri m'kuyendetsa ndalama, zimene zimasinthanso pamlingo wosintha. Mofananamo, muyezo wa boma wokonzeka kugulanso mphamvu zogulira mphamvu zamagetsi kapena kukonza mafamu atsopano, kuwonjezera mtengo wa thumba. Komabe, malamulo amodzimodziwo angachepetsenso mtengo wa ndalama wa mafuta mwa kuchepetsa mtengo wa mafuta ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu zotsika. M’zaka khumi zapitazo, mtengo wa mphepo ndi dzuŵa watsika kwambiri, kupangitsa kuti awonongedwe ndi mafuta achilengedwe. Malamulo a malo okhala ndi malo akumalo akumalo akumalo akutali kwambiri.
Zotsatira za Kuthetsa Vutoli
Kumvetsa ufulu wanu pansi pa malamulo oteteza kungakuthandizeni kupeŵa kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulandira chikalata chimene chimaoneka ngati chokwera kwambiri, mungapemphe kufufuza zolakwa zothekera kapena kulakwitsa. Mayiko ambiri alinso ndi malamulo amene amachepetsa ndalama zimene mungagwiritse ntchito pogula zinthu (mwachidziŵikire chaka chimodzi). Ngati mudandaula, kutsanzitsa chikalatacho ndi boma lanu kungakuchititseni kugamulapo. M'nkhani zina, mungakhale ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsala kapena kulipira ndalama. Kudziwa kuti ufulu umenewu ungakupulumutseni pa nthawi yochepa ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti mukulandira bwino.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kwamakono
Malo oyendera bwino asintha mofulumira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga, zolinga za nyengo, ndi zoyembekezera za anthu. Zotsatira zake ndizo kukula kwa zinthu zogawira mphamvu (DER) monga denga ndi denga la magetsi, kuwonjezeka kwa maindasitale a magetsi oyendetsedwa bwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo ogwirizana ndi mphamvu zimene zimapatsa mphamvu zoyendetsera zinthu mmalo mwa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. Malamulo a bungwe la Federal pansi pa Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya magetsi ndi Infrature Infraclactal Investicementmental Act akupereka ndalama zosayembekezereka kuti apange magetsipilo, mphamvu, ndi mphamvu. Ziyeso zipitiriza kuwonjezera mmene ndalama zanu za ndalama zikuŵerengedwa ndi zimene zikupezeka.
Kupima Maneyi ndi Kukwera
Malamulo oyendera magetsi a metal amalola makasitomala a dzuŵa kulandira ngongole ya magetsi owonjezereka amene amawatumiza ku magetsi. Chiŵerengero cha kulipidwa cha magetsi chapafupi ndi magetsi [1] akhala nkhani ya kutsutsana kotentha. Mayiko ambiri amakonzanso malamulo a mameta a mamina kuti asonyeze phindu la dzuŵa molondola, kuphatikizapo kupeŵetsa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi ndi mapindu a grid. Kumvetsetsa njira ya khoti la boma lanu kungakuthandizeni kusankha ngati kuikiza ndi dzuŵa kumathandiza banja lanu kukhala ndi lingaliro la ndalama.
Nthaŵi 88 Yam’tsogolo Imagwiritsira Ntchito Malire ndi Zofunika
Mabungwe akulandira kwambiri nthaŵi imene tauniyi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi ya tsiku, ndipo imakhala yochuluka kwambiri pa maola ambiri ndiponso yocheperapo pa ← Ogula amene amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri. Mofanana ndi amene angaike ndandanda ya zipangizo zazikulu usiku . TOU ndalama zokwera kwambiri. Ndalama zogulitsira ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ambiri m’madera ena, zikuyambitsidwanso kwa makasitomala a m'madera ena, kumene chigawo cha ndalama za magetsi chimachokera pa magetsi 15 °ute ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mwezi. Nyumba zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kusungidwa ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu ya magetsi, koma anthu amafunika kugula kuti amvetsetse njira zawo.
Kusintha Makina ndi Kuyerekezera Kochenjera
Makampaniwa amathandiza kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi monga makompyuta, makompyuta, makompyuta, makompyuta, ndi zipangizo zina zoyendetsera zinthu.
Kukopa Obereka Okoma
Kutenga nawo mbali mwakhama kungachititse kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosalingana ndiponso mautumiki amene amasonyeza kuti anthu amaika patsogolo zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Kukhala ndi Mbali m’Misoko Yapoyera
Ngati mafaelo a giramu ya magetsi aikapo mzera, PUC ya boma imafunidwa kukhala ndi makutu a anthu kumene makasitomala angachitire umboni. Nthaŵi zambiri makutu ameneŵa amaikidwa pa nthaŵi ndi malo oyenerera, ndipo ndemanga zolembedwa zimalandiridwa. Ngakhale ndemanga yachidule ingawonetse nkhaŵa yakutiyakuti . Monga mmene kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero pa ndalama zopezedwa. Kutengapo kanthu kumawonjezera nkhani zosuliza zimene zingasonkhezere zosankha za bungwe la ofufuza.
Khalani ndi Khamu la Atsogoleri Achipembedzo
Consumer advocacy ndi magulu a malo okhala amayang'anira mokangalika malamulo a zamagetsi. Magulu ofanana ndi mutu wakwanuko wa . National Association of State Utility Confitection Convectors [1] kapena kugwirizana kwa chitaganya kungakulitse mawu anu. Magulu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi maluso alamulo ndi mafashoni oloŵetsedwa m’mikhalidwe. Ntchito yawo ingatsogolere ku zotulukapo zimene zimapindulitsa opereka mphotho, monga kukwera kwa mlingo wokwerapo, chitetezo chokulirapo, ndi kuwonjezera maprogramumboni a mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu ya magetsi.
Khalanibe Odziŵa Bwino za Kusintha kwa Malangizo
State PUCs imafalitsa mandandanda a kupitirizabe kwa mawebusaiti awo. Sayinani machenjezo a imeyili kuchokera ku boma lanu la PUC ndi ku mabungwe a zamalonda. Kutsatira zofalitsa za malonda monga Ubility Detive kungakuthandizeninso kuzindikira makhalidwe a dziko amene angakhudze boma lanu. Kudziŵa kumakulolani kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pamene chigamulo kapena kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kwa kampani ya .
Yanjanani ndi Oimira Anu Ophunzitsidwa
Opanga malamulo a boma ndi oimira za magetsi a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amaikidwa kapena kusankhidwa. Kuwafikira ponena za nkhani za magetsi kungayambukire zinthu zawo zoyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi nkhaŵa ponena za ziŵerengero zapamwamba, mungapemphe mkulu wa boma lanu kuchirikiza malamulo amene amalimbitsa ogula m'nkhani za mlingo. Ngati mukufuna mphamvu zowonjezereka, mungalimbikitse woimira wanu kuvota kuti apeze muyezo wolimba kwambiri. Akuluakulu a boma amavomereza kukhazikitsa malamulo, makamaka ngati ali ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri.
Kumaliza
Malamulo a kusoŵa kwa zakudya si njira zongodzitetezera. Zimakhudza magetsi, madzi, ndi mafuta a pa mwezi. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa malamulo a malo ndi chitetezo cha anthu, mlingo uliwonse wa boma umathandiza kukonza mtengo ndi kudalirika kwa mautumiki ofunika. Mwa kumvetsa njira zimene mumagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zanu, kupitiriza kudziŵa zochita za kukonza, ndi kukhala ndi phande m'zopanga, mungakhale wokhoza kugula amene sangosamalira zinthu zowonongedwa bwino komanso amathandizanso kukonza zinthu zofunika.