Kukongola kwa Ma TV Amakono

Tsiku lililonse, anthu amakumana ndi nkhani zambiri, manyuzipepala, mavidiyo, ndi ndemanga. Nkhani zambiri zimavuta kusiyanitsa zonena zenizeni ndi malingaliro, kunama, kapena zonama. Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, kukulitsa luso lakufufuza mochenjera nkhani za m'manyuzipepala si luso lamaphunziro chabe, ndi luso lofunika kwambiri la kukhala ndi unzika wathayo. Pamene anthu azindikira mmene tsankho limagwirira ntchito, akhoza kudutsa m’malo mongoganizira zinthu, mozindikira.

Kodi Bias ndi chiyani?

Kukondera kwa nkhani kumatanthauza kukondera kwenikweni kwa atolankhani, akonzi, ndi mabungwe a nkhani pa kusankhidwa ndi kuulutsidwa kwa nkhani. Palibe njira youlutsira nkhani imene ingapereke lipoti la chochitika chilichonse padziko lonse, ndipo chosankha chilichonse cha olemba nkhani chimaphatikizapo kuweruza. Bias imavuta pamene ipotozetsa chidziŵitso, kupondereza malingaliro oyenerera, kapena kusokeretsa omvetsera. Kumvetsetsa mitundu ya tsankho imene imatenga ndiyo njira yoyamba yopezera mayankho olakwika a nkhani.

Chosankha Bias

Kusankha kumachitika pamene kampani isankha kubisa nkhani zina ndi kunyalanyaza zina. Mwachitsanzo, nyuzi zina zingatsogolere ndi mbiri yoipa ya ndale zadziko, pamene zina zikuchititsa kutukuka kwa chuma. Palibe chosankha chimene chili cholakwika mwachibadwa, koma njira youlutsira imaumba zimene anthu amaona kukhala zofunika. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, kusatchula nkhani zina mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse chithunzi chochititsa chidwi. Kukondera kumakhudza malongosoledwe a anthu [ mwa kusankha kuti ndi ziti zimene zikufunikira kuyang'aniridwa ndi zimene zidakali mthunzi.

Kuumba Bias

Kusonyeza tsankhu kumachitika pamene mfundo zofananazo zaperekedwa m’njira yolimbikitsa kumasulira kwina. Kusankha mawu, mafano, ndi nkhani yake kungasonkhezere omvera kuyankha kapena kumaliza. Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza chitsutso monga "ululu" ndi "audot" kusiyanitsa zochitika. Kulongosola nkhani chifukwa chakuti kumasintha mmene anthu amamvera kuyankha ndi udindo wa zochitika. Ziwiri zonena za masamu omwewo zingapereke malingaliro osiyana ndi chinenero chimene amasankha.

Kutsimikizira Bias

Kutsimikizira kutsimikizira ndiko kukondera kwa maganizo, osati kwa mtolankhani, koma kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ofalitsa nkhani. Mwachibadwa anthu amakonda chidziŵitso chogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo zomwe zilipo. Manyuzipepala angagwiritsire ntchito chikhoterero chimenechi mwa kupanga zolembedwa zimene zimachirikiza kuwona dziko kwa omvetsera awo. Pamene openyerera amangogwiritsira ntchito nkhani zochokera ku magwero otsimikizira malingaliro awo, iwo amasinthasintha ndi kukhala osafuna kwambiri malingaliro ena. Kuvomereza kudalira kwa munthu mwini kukhala ndi chitsimikiziro nkofunika kaamba ka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zoulutsira nkhani zoyenerera [[FLT: 1].

Partisan Bias

Partisan imatanthauza chikhoterero cha kuulutsa nkhani kuti akonde chipani china cha ndale zadziko, malingaliro, kapena mapulogalamu a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Zimenezi zingakhale zomveka, monga mmene zimakhalira ndi mitu ya nkhani. Chinyengo chingatsogolere ku nkhani zosankhidwa, kumene mfundo zabwino zikutchulidwa ndi mfundo zosamveka zikunyalanyazidwa kapena kusiyidwa. [FLT: 0] Otsatira ayenera kuzindikira malingaliro a ndale zadziko a magwero awo aakulu a nyuzi ndi kufunafuna malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuti abwezerepo kanthu.

Kuzindikira

Kulingalira ndiko mtundu wa kukondera kumene kumaika patsogolo zochitika, mkangano, kapena kukhudzidwa maganizo pa zinthu. Nkhani zokhudza upandu, maupandu achilendo, kapena masoka achilengedwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimalandira chisamaliro chowonjezereka chifukwa chakuti zimapanga kutsekereza ndi kuŵerengera. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani zimenezi siziridi zabodza, kupambanitsa kwawo kungasokoneze nkhani zina zotsatirapo monga ngati kukangana kwa malamulo, kufufuza kwa sayansi, kapena nkhani za anthu. Chiphunzitso cha chita kusokoneza mphamvu ya anthu yoyambitsadi zinthu.

Chifukwa Chake Kumvetsetsa Mikhalidwe ya Anthu Kuli Kofunika

Kukulitsa luso la kuzindikira ndi kupenda tsankho m’nkhani zoulutsidwa kumapindulitsa kwambiri anthu ndiponso anthu.

Kukhala Nzika Yodziŵa Bwino

Maboma amadalira pa osankhidwa odziŵa bwino. Pamene nzika zizindikira tsankho, zimakhala zokhoza bwino kupenda mawu opikisana, kuzindikira malonda a zamalonda, ndi kuchititsa atsogoleri kuŵerengera. Nzika za Amedia . Nzika za media sizimakopeka ndi kukopana. Zikhoza kutenga nawo nkhani za boma ndi chidaliro, podziŵa kuti malingaliro awo amakhala pa maziko ofufuza maganizo awo mmalo mwa kukopa kapena nkhani zochirikiza malingaliro a munthu mmodzi.

Maluso Oganiza Ovuta

Kufufuza magwero a nyuzi kumafuna maluso a zamaphunziro amene amasamukira ku kufufuza kwa zamaphunziro, ntchito yaukatswiri, ndi kupanga zosankha zaumwini. Kutulutsa umboni, kuzindikiritsa malingaliro, ndi kulingalira matanthauzo ena kuli kupikisana kwa maziko a kulingalira kosuliza. Akatswiri amene amapenda zoulutsira mawu amakhala ovuta kwambiri mwachisawawa, okhoza kuzindikira bwino mabodza, aumboni, aumboni, ndi kukonza mfundo zomveka.

Kuphunzira ndi Kuŵerenga

Kuŵerenga ndi kulemba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi ndi luso lakuphunzira, kupenda, ndi kupanga mawailesi ndi mawailesi. Kumvetsetsa kumatanthauza mbali yaikulu ya maphunziro a kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Pamene makompyuta akulephera kusiyanitsa pakati pa nyuzipepala, kusatsa malonda, ndi zolembedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kulemba ndi kujambula kumakula kwambiri. Kujambula ophunzira ndi luso la zofalitsa nkhani kumawakonzekeretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovuta kwambiri za m'chilengedwe [ kumene aliyense angafalitse chinthu chilichonse, ndipo kukhulupirika kuyenera kupezedwa mmalo mokuganizira.

Kuletsa Kuulutsidwa Molakwa

Machenjera a chidziŵitso ndi kusagwirizana kofalikira mofulumira pa makompyuta, kaŵirikaŵiri okhala ndi zotulukapo zenizeni za dziko. Anthu amene amamvetsetsa tsankho ali othekera kwambiri kukayikira zonena zokayikitsa, kutsimikizira kumene kunachokera, ndi kupeŵa kugawana zolembedwa zosatsimikizika. Kufufuza kosatsutsika kwa nkhani za nyuzi kukutumikira monga katemera wotsutsa mabodza , kupangitsa anthu ndi anthu a m'midzi kukhala okhoza kugwirizanitsa mapangano.

Chifundo ndi Kuona Zinthu Moyenera

Kulankhula ndi manyuzipepala osiyanasiyana kumalimbikitsa chifundo mwa kuonetsa omvetsera ku zokumana nazo ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi awo. Pamene ophunzira akuyerekezera mmene njira zotulukira m’mitundu ya ndale zikukhudzira chochitika chimodzimodzicho, iwo amayamba kuona mmene chenicheni chimodzimodzicho chingatanthauzidwire m’njira zambiri. Kachitidwe kameneka kamalimbikitsa kudzichepetsa kwanzeru ndi ulemu wa malingaliro osiyana [, mikhalidwe imene ili yofunika kaamba ka kukambitsirana kopindulitsa m'chitaganya cha anthu ambiri.

Mmene Mungadziŵire Bias M’nkhani Zoulutsidwa m’Nthambi

Kuzindikira kuti munthu ali ndi tsankho kumathandiza kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zimenezi.

Santhulani Kumene Anachokera

Musanaloŵetsemo mbali ya nyuzipepala, pezani nthaŵi ya kuzindikira njira imene inatulutsa. Fufuzani za dongosolo la mwiniyo, chitsanzo cha ndalama, ndi ntchito yaukonzi wa zofalitsa. Gulu la nyuzi la bungwe lalikulu lingakhale ndi mikangano ya chidwi chimene chimakhudza. Malonjezo oyendetsedwa ndi anthu angagwire ntchito pansi pa zitsenderezo zosiyanasiyana kuposa za malonda. [FLT]]] Abuluti monga , kuthandiza anthu kumvetsa kumene kuli kutchuka kwa ndale.

Kusanthula Chinenero

Samalani kwambiri mawu osankhidwa, kamvekedwe, ndi mawu osonyeza. Chinenero chofewa chingapereke chilolezo kapena chitsutso popanda kutchula mfundo yomveka. Mawu onga "Leasted," "ovomerezedwa," "ofutulidwa," kapena "ogwiritsidwa ntchito" ali ndi tanthauzo limene lingaumbe kuzindikira kwa munthu. Mofananamo, kutchula munthu kukhala " katswiri" ndi "antchito" kuwonjezera kudalirika kwake. . ŴANUTS, MPELERANUNI MPENDELERO PO POPALATAPO .

Yesani Kulinganizika

Samalani kuti nkhaniyo imaphatikizapo malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani imene ilipo. Nkhani yabwino siiyenera kuyendera mfundo iliyonse, koma iyenera kuvomereza malo oyenera ndi kupereka nkhani za m’nkhani zimene zimachititsa magulu osiyanasiyana kutsutsana. Samalani ndi nkhani zimene zimangonena mbali imodzi yokha ngati n’zomveka pamene mukunyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza umboni wotsutsa. [FLT: 0] Imatanthauzanso kupereka mpata woyankha kusuliza [ mmalo mogwira mawu awo okha amene achirikiza umboni wa mtolankhaniyo.

Zoti N’zoona

Kutsimikizira kuli maziko a nyuzipepala zabwino. Oŵerenga ayenera kukulitsa chizoloŵezi cha kufufuza zenizeni zonena zotsutsana ndi magwero odziimira. Chodziŵika bwino chofufuza magulu onga Snopeps , Plact Platct , , [[FLT:] , ndi [FLT] FactCC. org ] tsatira kulondola kwa ndemanga zolembedwa ndi matanthauzo a nyuzipepala. Ngati nkhani ipanga umboni wodabwitsa popanda kupereka umboni wotsimikizirika, kuyankha ndi kukayikira

Zowoneka ndi Mizere Yofufuzira

Zithunzi, matchati, ndi mavidiyo zingapotozedwe kapena kutengedwa m'mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo kuti apange chithunzi chonama. Chithunzi chochititsa chidwi chingatsagana ndi nkhani imene siiimiradi mkhalidwe waukulu. Mapine analembedwa kaŵirikaŵiri kufutukumula kutseguka kwa ma flock, ndipo angawonjeze kapena kusinjirira za mkati mwa nkhaniyo. nthaŵi zonse amaŵerenga mutu wankhani ndi kuyang'ana pa mfundo yonse ya chinthu chilichonse chowoneka.

Dziŵani Cholinga

Talingalirani chifukwa chake nkhani ina inatulutsidwa ndi chiyambukiro chimene imakhala nacho. Kodi mbaliyo inapangidwa kuti idziŵitse, kukopa, kusangalatsa, kapena kusonkhezera zochita? Nkhani za malingaliro, olemba nkhani, ndi zochirikizidwa zili ndi miyezo yosiyana ya kulinganiza kusiyana ndi kulengeza nkhani zolunjika. Kumvetsa kuchuluka kwa kachidutswa kothandiza kuika ziyembekezo zoyenerera [ chifukwa cha kudalirika kwake ndi chilungamo.

Ntchito Zopindulitsa kwa Ophunzira

Zinthu zimene amachita m’kalasi zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nkhani za m’manyuzipepala zingathandize ophunzira kumvetsa bwino tsankho m’njira zosaiwalika.

Kuyerekezera Zoulutsidwa

Sankhani chochitika chachikulu ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuyerekezera mmene njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana zoulutsira nkhaniyo zikunenera. Chiŵiya chosonyeza mbali zonse za ndale zadziko, monga magwero akumanzere, magwero apakati, ndi magwero akumanja. Ophunzira ayenera kuona kusiyana kwa mawu amutu, nkhani, magwero ogwidwa mawu, ndi mtundu wonse wa kupenda. Kupendaku kumavumbula mmene chenicheni chimodzimodzicho chingaperekedwere kudzera m'magalasi osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Magazini ya Bias

Alembeni ophunzira magazini kwa mlungu umodzi pamene amalemba zitsanzo za tsankho zimene amakumana nazo pogwiritsira ntchito nkhani zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuloŵa kulikonse kuyenera kuphatikizapo magwero, kulongosola kwachidule kwa zimene zilipo, ndi kusanthula mtundu wa tsankho lomwe lilipo. Ophunzira angaonenso mmene amamvera maganizo awo, zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chinenero choikidwa kapena chitsimikizo. Kusonyeza kwa maso kumakulitsa kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa zinthu modzifunira panthaŵi .

Kulembanso Mabuku Apamwamba

Perekani ophunzira mfundo zauchete ponena za chochitika cha nyuzi ndi kuwapempha kulemba mitu yankhani imene idzawonekera pa masupe ndi zikhoterero zosiyana za ndale zadziko. Kusonkhezera kumeneku kumasonkhezera ophunzira kulingalira za mmene kujambula kumagwirira ntchito pamlingo waukulu kwambiri. Kusankha mitu yankhani yotulukapo kumasonyeza mmene mawu okha angasinthire tanthauzo lotsimikizirika la nkhani, ngakhale pamene mfundo zenizenizo zikhalabe zofanana.

Kuchokera Trace

Pamene nkhani ya m'nyuzi itchula kufufuza, lipoti, kapena mawu a mtsogoleri, tsutsani ophunzira kupeza magwero oyambirira. Yerekezerani ndi njira imene nkhani zimadziŵikitsira magwero ndi zimene magwerowo ananena. ntchito imeneyi imaphunzitsa ophunzira kutsimikizira magwero aakulu ndi kuvumbula nkhani zimene atolankhani amafalitsa kapena kupotoza kufufuza koyambirira.

Kukonzekera Kutsutsana

Lungitsani makambitsirano a m’kalasi pankhani yotsutsana, koma funani ophunzira kukonzekera mikangano yawo pogwiritsa ntchito kokha magwero a nkhani a chigawo chimodzi cha ndale zadziko. Pambuyo pa mkanganowo, kambitsiranani mmene maziko a muyezo wochepawo anayambukirira mkhalidwe ndi kukwanira kwa mfundo zawo. Students zimadzionera okha mmene mawu akutsendereza kuzindikira ndi chifukwa chake kutembenukira ku malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuli kofunika kaamba ka kulingalira kowona motsutsana.

Kudikira

Kusatsa malonda kwandale, ponse paŵiri kuchokera ku makampani ndi magulu ena, kuli magwero aakulu a tsankho ndi kupotoza. Anzawo asukulu amapenda kusatsa malonda kaamba ka kulondola kwa zenizeni, kukopa kwa malingaliro, ndi machenjera. maluso otsatsa malonda amathandiza ophunzira kuona kupyolera mwa manenanena [[FLT: 1] ponse paŵiri m'zandale ndi zamalonda.

Zomwe Tingachite Kuti Tiphunzirenso

Zida zambiri ndi zilozero zingachirikize maphunziro opitirizabe m’kufufuza chidziŵitso cha zofalitsa nkhani ndi kupenda kokondera.

Mabuku

Mabuku angapo amapereka chidziŵitso cha maziko ponena za makhalidwe abwino a kulemba, kukondera kwa oulutsa nkhani, ndi kulingalira kosuliza. "The Promont of Journalism" yolembedwa ndi Bill Kovach ndi Tom Rosenstiel akufotokoza zimene mbiri iyenera kuchitira nzika ndi zimene atolankhani ayenera kuchirikiza. "The Media Elite" yolembedwa ndi S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, ndi Linda S. Lichter amafufuza malingaliro andale a a a a a atolankhani. "Khulupirira Me, Im Linglesh" yolembedwa ndi Ryan Holiet imavumbula mmene kugwirira ntchito kwa zoulutsa mawu m'nyengo ya makono. [FLT:] Mabukuwa akupereka matanthauzo ndi nkhani zothandiza zofufuza za nkhani

Mawebusaiti

Mapulatifomu angapo a pa Intaneti amafufuza ndi kusiyanitsa zinthu. Media Bias / Fact Check imaonetsa tsatanetsatane wa nkhani zochokera ku kukondera kwa ndale ndi kulondola. Zitsanzo zonsezo zimapereka nkhani za m'nkhani kuchokera kumanzere, pakati, ndiponso zolondola, zomwe zimasonyeza tsankho mwa kuyerekezera mwachindunji. nyuzipepala ya nyuzipepalayi imapereka zinthu zambiri m’kalasi ndiponso luso la aphunzitsi. Mabuku olemba nkhani ameneŵa pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga pofufuza mabuku osadziwika bwino .

Maphunziro

Pa Intaneti pamakhala mapulatifomu a maphunziro a kuwerenga ndi kusuliza. Courra ili ndi "Media Literation" yapadera imene imaphatikizapo kupenda chidziŵitso. EdX imapereka "Kulingalira kwa Uthenga: News Literations Lessories for Digital Citiginety" kuchokera ku University of Hong Kong. nyuzipepala yophunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba mawu olembedwa bwino imapereka maphunziro othandizira ophunzira. [[FLT:]] Kosi zopimira zopereka maphunziro kwa ophunzira ndi mapulogalamu a m’kalasi omwe.

Zida Zodziwira

Zoona za magulu ofufuza zimapereka umboni weniweni wa zimene anthu ambiri amanena ndi manyuzipepala a pa wailesi ndi pa TV. Ma Snope akhala akuchotsa nthano za m’mizinda ndi nkhani zabodza kuyambira m'ma 1990. Politifact mlingo wa kulondola kwa ndemanga zandale zandale pogwiritsa ntchito Truth-O-Meter. .ChectCheck .org imayang'ana kulondola kwa zenizeni kwa zimene zanenedwa ndi oseŵera andale. Ophunzira kuti afufuze ziwirizo asanagaŵitse mfundo iliyonse yokayikira pa manyuzipepala.

Kukulitsa Chikhalidwe cha Kudziloŵetsa m’Chibwenzi Chovuta

Kumvetsetsa kukondera siphunziro lanthaŵi imodzi koma kupitirizabe. Cholinga si kukhala wosuliza nkhani zonse, koma kukulitsa chizoloŵezi cha kutomerana. Pamene ophunzira aphunzira kufunsa amene anapanga uthenga, chifukwa chake anaupanga, ndi mmene anaulinganitsira, amakhala okangalika m'zinthu zachilengedwe mmalo mwa olandira osachitapo kanthu. Ophunzitsa amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri potsanzira kachitidwe kofufuza ndi kukonza malo a m’kalasi kumene kumalimbikitsa ofufuza zinthu. Sukulu zimene zimapanga maphunziro olemba nkhani m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana zimakonzekeretsa ophunzira kuyang'anizana ndi dziko kumene chidziŵitso chiri chochuluka ndi chodalirana kwambiri.

Kumaliza

M'nyengo ya kuchuluka kwa chidziŵitso, kukhoza kwa kupenda mosamalitsa manyuzipepala ofalitsa nkhani za tsankho kuli limodzi la maluso ofunika kwambiri amene wophunzira angakulitse. Mwakumvetsetsa mitundu ya tsankho imene imakhalapo, kuzindikira chifukwa chake imakhudza zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito maluso adongosolo, ndi kuchita ntchito zothandiza, ophunzira angayendetse malo oulutsira zinthu modalira ndi kuzindikira. Zofunika zopitira patsogolo pophunzira n’zambiri, ndipo mapindu a kuwerenga ndi kulemba mawu apamwamba amapitirira kwambiri m’kalasi. [[FLT: 0] chitaganya cha anthu ofufuza nzeru zofufuza zinthu ndi chimene chili chokonzeka bwino kuthetsa mavuto, kugawa, ndi kuchirikiza mabungwe a democrasethi a democracy [1]. Ulendo wopita ku ku kulembera kulemba mawu umayamba ndi funso limodzi: Ndani amene akuuza zimenezi, ndipo nchifukwa chake ndi kuzikhulupirira?