Kupenda koweruza ndiko maziko a lamulo lalamulo la America, kutumikira monga chiŵiya chachikulu cha achiweruzo choyang'anira mphamvu ya nthambi za malamulo ndi za maulamuliro. Popanda ilo, Konsichushoni ingakhale yoposa pang'ono mapulinsipulo ongoyerekezera, yotanthauzira ndi nthambi zomwe zakhala zolamulidwa. Mwakupatsa mphamvu kuti makhoti aike malamulo ndi zochita zapamwamba zimene zimaswa malamulo, kupenda kwachiweruzo kumatsimikizira kuti palibe nthambi imene imapitirira malire ake oikidwiratu. Njira imeneyi imasunga malamulo, imateteza ufulu wa munthu aliyense, ndipo imasunga kulinganiza kwamphamvu kumene maFramers adapanga. M'dongosolo la maulamuliro opatulidwa, kupenda kwa milandu ndiko kutchula malamulo oipitsa zinthu zoipa ndipo kulinganiza kwake kwanthaŵi zambiri kwasintha dziko lalamulo kwa zaka mazana aŵiri.

Kumvetsetsa Kupenda Chiweruzo: Sikokwanira

Pa maziko ake, kupenda kwachiweruzo ndiko mphamvu ya khoti kusanthula lamulo, pangano, kapena kachitidwe kapamwamba ndi kutsimikizira kaya ngati kamagwirizana ndi Malamulo. Ngati khoti lipeza mkangano, lingalengeze kupereŵera, kuchotsa mphamvu yake yalamulo. Ulamuliro umenewu sumaperekedwa mwachindunji m'Chilamulo chenichenicho; mmalo mwake, unachotsedwa pa kapangidwe ka chikalatacho ndi mkhalidwe wa mphamvu yachiweruzo. Kulingalira nkwachindunji: Lamulo ndilo lamulo lalikulu la dziko, ndi lamulo lirilonse limene limatsutsana nalo. Chifukwa chakuti oweruza amalumbira kuchirikiza Lamulolo, ayenera kulimasulira ndipo, pamene kuli kofunika, kukana kusungitsa malamulo oswa malamulo ake.

Kupenda kokhudza milandu kumagwira ntchito pa milingo yonse ya boma. Makhoti a Federal angapende malamulo a boma, malamulo a boma, ndi malamulo a akuluakulu. Makhoti, pansi pa malamulo awo, akusonyeza mphamvu zofanana, kaŵirikaŵiri kupereka zitetezero zazikulu kuposa zimene boma limafuna. Khoti Lapamwamba la United States limakhala pa ukulu wa dongosolo lino, zigamulo zake pa mafunso a lamulo okhudza makhoti ena onse. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, khoti lagwiritsira ntchito kupenda komiti ya chiweruzo kulinganiza mbali iriyonse ya moyo wa Amereka .

Magwero a Mbiri Yake a Kupenda Chiweruzo

Atsogoleri a Chilamulo cha Chingelezi ndi cha Atsamunda

Pamene kuli kwakuti Marbury v. Madison[FL:1] ndi mlandu wa maziko, lingaliro la kupenda chiweruzo silinatuluke kuchokera ku malo opanda kanthu. Malamulo a ku England anali atazindikira kwanthaŵi yaitali kuti makhoti angathetse machitidwe a Nyumba ya Malamulo amene anaswa "lamulo lopambana" [1] chifukwa cha nkhani yakeyake, lamulo lachibadwa kapena lamulo lenileni lenilenilo. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi khoti la Cropuanism linkapenda malamulo a kusasintha ndi malamulo a konsi. Priviy Council ku London inagonjetsanso malamulo a chipani cha Britain omwe anatsutsana ndi lamulo. Malamulo ameneŵa anabzala mbewu za ku Kazembe wa ku America, koma anasoŵa malamulo omveka bwino amene U.S.

Malo Osungirako Zinthu: Marbury ndi Madison

Nthaŵi yolongosola inadza mu 1803 pamene Woweruza Wamkulu John Marshall anapereka lingaliro mu Marbury . Madison , adapezeka ku Oyez [1]. William Marbury, woikidwa wa Pulezidenti John Adams, anali asanalandire ntchito yake. Pamene Thomas Jefferson anakhala pulezidenti, Mlembi wake wa Boma, James Massison, anakana kuipereka. Marbury adaima mwachindunji mu Supt Court ya Mandamus pansi pa Chikalata cha Judia ya 1789. Marshall anayang'anizana ndi vuto la ndalensi: lamulo la kutumiza katundu, pamene anali kuvomereza kulephera kwa apolisi.

Marshall anagamula kuti Marbury anali ndi ufulu ku ntchito yake ndi kuti lamulo linapereka mankhwala , koma kuti Khoti Lapamwamba silinathe kukhazikitsa mlanduwo chifukwa chakuti Gawo 13 la Chigawo cha Chigawo cha Judiary cha 1789, chimene chinanenedwa kuti chipereke ulamuliro woyamba wa ma writs, chinali chosagwirizana ndi lamulo. Marshall anaganiza kuti malamulo a boma analongosola ulamuliro wa Khoti loyamba, ndi Commurment sungaukulitse ndi malamulo. Chifukwa chake, Khotilo linayenera kugamula Chigawo 13. Pochita zimenezo, Marshall anakhazikitsa mfundo zitatu: Malamulo a malamulo a m'dzikolo ali ndi udindo wowamasulira, ndi lamulo lonyansa ku malamulowo. Nkhani ya mlandu [FL:] M. [FL: M.

Kuphunzira Koyambirira ndi Kukula kwa Chiphunzitsocho

Pambuyo pa Marbury, Bwalo Lapamwamba linabwerezanso zachiweruzo kwa zaka makumi angapo. Maritin v. Mu Literance Lee (1816), Bwalo linatsimikizira ulamuliro wake kupenda zigamulo za bwalo lamilandu la boma zophatikizapo lamulo la boma, kukhazikitsa mphamvu za boma zowonjezereka. MCulloch v. Maryland [1] (1819), Jacy Marshall anachirikiza lamulo la lamulo la ku Bhange yachiŵiri la United States, kukhazikitsa mphamvu zofunidwa za boma za [FLD:4] mu [malamulo apamwamba]. Ogden v [FFFF:] [5] [18] [18], Courtism inagonjetsa chigamu cha boma la New York, ndi chikalata cholongosola chikalata chalamulo chalamulo chotsutsa lamulo choikidwa ndi choperekedwa choikidwa ndi boma choikidwa ndi boma choikidwa choikidwa.

Mmene Ntchito Yopenda Nkhani Zimayendera: Makina Opanga Makompyuta

Kupenda chiweruzo sikumagwira ntchito m'chinthu chopanda pake. Makhoti angangogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imeneyi pamene mlandu woyenera kapena mkangano waperekedwa. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti gulu liyenera kukhala ndi kuvulala konkiri kumene kwachititsidwa ndi lamulo lotsutsidwa / ndipo nkhaniyo iyenera kukhala yachikulu kuti ipendedwe. Makhoti sadzatsutsa malingaliro olakwika kapena kugamula mikangano yongoyerekezera. Mlandu umenewu wa mlandu wa munthu kapena wotsutsana ndi wa mlandu waperekedwa mu Mfundo III ya Malamulo ndi kutsimikizira kuti kupenda koweruza kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapotonza mikangano yeniyeni.

Mlandu ukaonekera bwino ku khoti, nthaŵi zambiri amaweruza kuti:

  1. Kusintha kwa Malamulo. Khoti limazindikiritsa mawu oyenerera a lamulo, kapangidwe, mbiri, ndi chitsanzo. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo kusanthula tanthauzo lomveka la mawu, cholinga choyambirira cha maFrameter, kapena miyezo ya chivotezi yozikidwa pa njira zomasulira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito.
  2. Kusokonezeka kwa lamulo kapena kachitidwe kotokosedwa. Khoti limafufuza lamulo kapena kachitidwe kapamwamba kuti lidziŵe chifuno chake, ukulu wake, ndi zotsatira zake.
  3. Comparison ndi mkangano. Khoti limagamula ngati lamulo kapena zochita zikutsutsana ndi malamulo monga momwe zamasulira. Ngati palibe mkangano, muyeso umaima. Ngati pali mkangano, khoti liyenera kusankha kaya kuuchotsa.
  4. Ikapanda kuvomerezedwa ndi boma, khoti limalamula kuti ligamule. M’nkhani zambiri, lamulo limagonjetsedwa, koma khoti lingaperekenso lamulo, chiweruzo chochotsera, kapena (m’nkhani zosapezeka) mankhwala ofanana ndi kusintha kwa mabungwe.

Makhoti a Federal angagwiritsirirenso ntchito lingaliro la kugamula kwa lamulo lalamulo, makamaka kaamba ka malamulo a zachuma. Pansi pa lamulo limeneli, lamulo limachirikizidwa pokhapokha ngati wotsutsa wake atsimikizira mosakaikira kuti amaswa Malamulo. Kupenda kosiyanasiyana kogwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasiyanasiyana ndi mawu a m’munsi. Malamulo amene amalemetsa ufulu wofunika kapena kugamula kuti ndiwo afunsidwe kwambiri, pamene malamulo ambiri a zachuma ndi a chikhalidwe cha anthu amapendedwa moyenerera. Kusintha kumeneku kwa kulingana ndi kumasulira kwachiweruzo kwa khoti ndi kugonjera kwa demokrase m'madera ambiri.

Chizindikiro cha Milandu Yapakhoti Yapamwamba Yosonyeza Kupenda Chiweruzo

M’nkhani zambiri zoweruza zachitidwa, koma zambiri zimawonekera pa chiyambukiro chawo chachikulu pa lamulo la America ndi chitaganya.

Sandford (1857)

Mwinamwake njira yotchuka kwambiri ya kupenda kwachiweruzo, Dired Scott v. Sandford . Sandford adagonjetsa Missouri monga wosagwirizana ndi boma, akumati Congress sakanaletsa ukapolo m’magawo a boma. Khotilo linalamulanso kuti Aafirika sanali ndi kukhalabe nzika. Chigamulocho chinawononga gulu la akapolo ndi kufulumiza nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni. Chimakhalabe chenjezo la olakwa a oweruza milandu, kusonyeza kuti kupenda chiweruzo sikungagwiritsiridwe ntchito kusoŵa chilungamo m'dziko limodzi ndi kutetezera ufulu.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo pake, Bwalo linadziwombola lokha Brown v. Bologa ya Maphunziro , [[FLT :] [imene ilipo ku Oyez. Mlandu unalengeza kuti udani wa fuko m'masukulu a anthu onse wosagwirizana, ukugwetsa chiphunzitso cha "kusintha koma chofanana" cha [[FLT:] Plebsby v. Ferguson[Fom:5] (1866). Brown anadalira pa Chitetezero cha Claus cha ku Desiglement ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthira m'gulu la ufulu wa anthu. Khotilo lina lina lina linafuna kuswa malamulo okhwima kuti liwonetsedwe mphamvu ya kuyang'nkhanitsa mlandu wa anthu otsutsa ngakhale ku chiwolo.

Kuyenda m’mahema

Roe v. Khotilo linavomereza kuyenera kwa lamulo kwa mkazi kusankha kutaya mimba pansi pa kuyenera kwa kukhala kwachinsinsi kosonyezedwa ndi Century Claus . Chigamulocho chinafooketsa malamulo ambiri a boma ochotsa mimba ndi kuyambitsa nkhondo za ndale zadziko ndi zamalamulo. Ngakhale kuti Dobs v. Jackson’s Health Organization [2022]) pa lamulo loperekedwa ndi Croe, mlanduwo udakali chitsanzo chowonekera bwino cha kupendanso malamulo a boma ndi kutetezera kochitidwa ndi malamulo a boma ku nkhondo zosagonjetsedwa. Ngakhale kuti Malamulo a

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Mu obergefell v. Hodges , Bwalo lamilandu linakhulupirira kuti ukwati wa kugonana uli ufulu wofunika kwambiri pansi pa Cendrome ndi Programme Aumedial Clauss, kugwetsa ziletso za boma m'dziko lonselo. Chigamulocho chinadalira kwambiri pa kumvetsa ufulu ndi ulemu, kusonyeza njira ya moyo yopendera milandu.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Sizochitika zonse zachiweruzo za kupenda kokhudza ufulu; zina zoika malire a mphamvu ya boma. Mu United States v. Lopez , Bwalo lamilandu linagonjetsa lamulo la boma loletsa mfuti pafupi ndi sukulu, ndi kuwona kuti Congress anali aposa ulamuliro wake wa Zamalonda Claus. Mlanduwo unazindikiritsa kubwezeredwanso kwamphamvu ya boma pambuyo pa zaka makumi ambiri za kumasulira kokulira, kusonyeza kuti kupenda kwachiweruzo kungachinjirizenso boma mwa kukhazikitsa malire a boma la dziko.

Chiyambukiro cha Kupendanso Chiŵeruzo pa Kupatukana kwa Maulamuliro

Kupenda chiweruzo mwinamwake ndiko chitsanzo champhamvu koposa cha njira yoyendera ndi kulinganiza m’kachitidwe. Popanda iko, Msonkhano ungapereke lamulo lirilonse limene ufuna, ndipo pulezidenti angapereke lamulo lirilonse, popanda bungwe lodziimira kutsimikizira kuikidwa kwa lamulo. Zochita zachiweruzo monga wosaloŵerera, kutsimikizira kuti zonse ziŵiri machitidwe a malamulo ndi audindo amamatira ku lamulo lalikulu. Kufufuzaku kuli ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu:

  • Ziletso za lamulo: [[FLT: 1] Congress imadziŵa kuti lamulo lililonse lopitirira lingaperekedwe kupenda kwachiweruzo. Kuzindikira kumeneku kaŵirikaŵiri kumapanga malamulo, kulimbikitsa opanga malamulo kukhalabe m'malamulo. Nthaŵi zina, Nyumba za Malamulo zimaika lamulo mwachindunji kuti ayese lamulo lake, kukhazikitsa bwalo lamilandu lapamwamba.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuŵerengera mlandu: Mapresidenti ndi makampani oyang'anira amagwiranso ntchito pansi pa kupenda kwa chiweruzo. Malamulo auyang'aniro, madongosolo, ndi kusungitsa zinthu zofunika zonse zingatsutsidwe m'khoti. Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu mu Achichepere Olemba Makedzana & Tube Co. v. Sawyer [1] (1952), chimene chinawononga Pulezidenti Truman kulanda zitsulo zachitsulo mkati mwa Nkhondo ya Korea, ndicho chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mkulu wa bungwe la judiary .
  • Kuchinjirizidwa kwa ufulu waung'ono: Kupendanso kwachiweruzo kuli kofunika kwambiri kutetezera anthu ndi magulu amene sangadalire njira ya ndale zadziko. Chifukwa chakuti Congress ndi pulezidenti ali mabungwe aakulu, angachotse kagulu ka anthu ochepa osatchuka. Makhoti, limodzi ndi oweruza awo osungidwa moyo, angaloŵererepo kusungitsa zoyenera za lamulo zimene unyinji wa anthu sangafune kutetezera.

Komabe, kupenda kwachiweruzo kumayambitsanso kusagwirizana ndi malamulo a demokrase. Osuliza amatsutsa kuti oweruza osasankhidwa sayenera kukhala ndi chigamulo chomalizira pa nkhani za lamulo la anthu. Pamene Bwalo Lapamwamba ligamula lamulo loperekedwa ndi bungwe losankhidwa, limachotsa chifuno cha anthu. Vuto limeneli lotsutsa lasonkhezera mikangano yokhudza kuletsa chiweruzo ndi ukulu woyenera wa ulamuliro wa chiweruzo.

Kusuliza ndi Mabwalo Otsutsana Oyang’anizana ndi Kupenda Chiweruzo

Kuweruza Kotsutsana ndi Ziletso za Chiweruzo

Mkangano waukulu ndiwo muyezo wa kumasulira kovomerezeka ndi kuweruza. Ochirikiza lamulo lachiweruzo amatsutsa kuti makhoti ayenera kugonjera nthambi zosankhidwa ndi kungokhala malamulo opanda pake pamene kuphwanya malamulo kwa lamulo kuli koonekera bwino. Woweruza Felix Frankfur anachirikiza motchuka kuletsa, kuchenjeza oweruza kuti achotsere oweruza malamulo awo. Kumbali ina, ochirikiza ufulu wa judicatary, monga Woweruza William Brennan, anganene kuti malamulo a malamulo apamwamba a m'Malamulo amafuna kumasulira kosinthika. Mawu akuti "activive a m’manja" kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuti zosankha zowonjezera ufulu kapena mphamvu za boma, koma chimene munthu wina woonererayo amatcha kuchitapo kanthu, anganene kuti mfundo ina yokhulupirika igwirizane ndi mfundo yalamulo.

Kukhulupirira Ulumbiro N’kosiyana ndi Kutsatira Lamulo Lokhudza Moyo

Ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mkangano wa kumasulira njira. Olemba malamulo, monga ngati womaliza Woweruza Antonin Scalia, akutsutsa kuti makonzedwe a lamulo ayenera kupatsidwa tanthauzo limene anali nalo panthaŵi ya kujambula. Iwo amatsutsa kuti kupenda kwachiweruzo kozikidwa pa miyezo yozungulira kumaitana oweruza kukhazikitsa mapindu awo aumwini. Ochirikiza malamulo a malamulo, monga ngati Justice Stephen Breyer, motsutsana ndi kuti maFramers analemba chikalata chotakata, chosinthika cholinganizidwa kupirira, ndi kuti makhoti ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo ake ku zenizeni zamakono. Mafilosofi opikisanawa amapanga zotulukapo zosiyana kwambiri m'nkhani zachinsinsi, chitetezo chofanana, ndi mphamvu za boma.

Zitsenderezo Zandale ndi Kuphwanya Malamulo

Kupenda chiweruzo kumayang'anizananso ndi zitokoso za kuikidwa kwake kwalamulo. Kuikidwa kwa oweruza a boma kwakhala kodzitukumula mowonjezereka, ndi nkhondo zotsimikizira zosonyeza magawano aakulu a malingaliro. Ena amaimba mlandu kuti Bwalo Lapamwamba ndilo bungwe la ndale zadziko lovala zovala, kugamula milandu yozikidwa pa zikondwerero za atsamunda mmalo mwa lamulo. Makhoti 5-4 ogaŵanika m'milandu yambiri yapamwamba kupangitsa malingaliro ameneŵa. Ndiponso, makhoti aang'ono nthaŵi zina amayang'anizana ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa amene amatsutsa zigamulo zawo, kuwopseza ufulu wa chiweruzo. Luso la a jadiary la kusungitsa chidaliro kwa anthu onse pamene akugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kupeputsa malamulo a democracy ndi nkhani yosalventi.

Kupenda Chiweruzo m’Malinga ndi Kuyerekezera

United States inapanga kupenda kwachiweruzo, koma sikwapadera. Mabwalo a mademokrase ambiri tsopano ali ndi makhoti alamulo kapena makhoti aakulu okhala ndi mphamvu ya kuchotsa lamulo. Federal Constitution Courtal, Court ya Supreme ya Canada, ndi Bwalo Lapamwamba la Indian onse amaloŵa m'kupenda kolimba kwachiweruzo. Makhoti ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo kulinganiza kwa mlingo wolingana, kulinganiza ufulu wa munthu ndi zolinga za boma. kupenda kwa kupenda kwa chiweruzo kumadziŵitsa kuti maiko ambiri atengera njira zofanana ndi za boma.

Komabe, dongosolo la America limakhala losiyana m'nkhani zake ziŵiri zolamulira ndi makhoti a boma zonse ziŵiri zikuchita kupenda kwachiweruzo. M'maiko ena ambiri a boma, monga Canada ndi Germany, khoti la malamulo liri ndi ulamuliro wokha pa mafunso alamulo. U.S. ulinso ndi khoti lalikulu lalamulo; woweruza aliyense wa boma angamve mawu alamulo. Chitsanzo chimenechi choyenerera chimalola nkhani za lamulo kubuka m’milanduwo, komanso chimayambitsa kuthekera kwa mafotokozedwe otsutsana kufikira Khoti Lapamwamba litawathetsa.

Mtsogolo mwa Kupenda Chiweruzo mu United States

Pamene chitaganya chikusintha, mbali ya kupenda kwachiweruzo idzapitirizabe kutsutsidwa.

Malire a Malamulo a Makhoti Apamwamba

Akatswiri ena ndi andale akhala akukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa oweruza milandu a Khoti Lalikulu. Kuchepetsa zitsimikizo za moyo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zasintha. Ngakhale kuti kusintha kumeneku kungafunikire kusintha malamulo a boma kapena malamulo atsopano, kungachititse kuti akhazikitsepo mlandu, ndipo kungachititse kuti zigamulo zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo zazikulu za masiku ano.

Kukonzanso Malungamo

Osuliza akuda nkhaŵa kuti njira zimenezi zingagwiritsitse ntchito mowonjezereka, pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti nkofunika kubwezeretsa kulinganiza pambuyo pa zitsimikizo zotsutsana. Kusintha kulikonse kwakukulu kungasinthedi kupenda kwachiweruzo.

Zipangizo Zamakono Ndiponso Malamulo Atsopano

Kupita patsogolo kwa tekinoloji kudzadzutsa mafunso atsopano a lamulo amene kupenda kwachiweruzo kuyenera kuyankha. Nkhani zachinsinsi pa foni, kulankhula kwaulere pa mapulogalamu a za mayanjano, luntha lopanga, ndi kuyang’anira zayamba kale kufika ku makhoti. Zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu mu Karperter v. United States [1] [FLT] [20:1] , zimene zimayesa malire a malo a foni osadziŵika oyendera, ndi Packingham v. North Carolina . [FLT:] (20:7]), zimene zimatetezera kufika ku masamu a za makompyuta, zimasonyeza mmene masinthidwe a za pulogalamu atsopano. Zochitika za m’tsogolo zidzayesa malo a chitetezo cha malamulo a malamulo a boma m’dziko.

Mkangano Wopitirizabe pa Filosofi

Malamulo a pulezidenti a makhoti achiweruzo ndi mafilosofi achiweruzo adzapitirizabe kuumba malangizo a chiweruzo. Kusintha kwa munthu wolemba mawu kapena womasulira malemba ambiri pa Khoti Lalikulu kungatsogolere ku kumasulira kochepa kwa mphamvu ya boma ndi ufulu wa munthu payekha, monga momwe zawonedwa m'zigamulo zaposachedwapa pa kuchotsa mimba, ufulu wa mfuti, ndi mabungwe a olamulira. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Khoti lasonyeza kufunitsitsa kuchirikiza chitetezo chachikulu m’madera ena, monga kulankhula mwaufulu ndi ufulu wachipembedzo. Nthaŵi yaitali idzadalira pa kulembedwa kwa benchi ndi zigomelo za malamulo zimene zimapeza gawo m’makhoti a makhoti a pansi.

Kumaliza

Kupenda kwachiweruzo sikuli njira ya procedal; ndiko lanchpin ya lamulo la America. Mwa kupatsa lamulo lachiweruzo la kuukira malamulo ndi zochita zalamulo, kumatsimikizira kuti nthambi zina zikhalabe m'malamulo oikidwa ndi oyambitsa. Kuchokera ku [[FLD: 0]] mabullet v. Madison ku liwu laposachedwapa, Khoti Lalikulu lagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zonse ziŵirizo kutetezera ufulu waukulu ndi kuwongolera ufulu wa Congresssion ndi preziden. Komabe kupendanso kwakukulu ponena za democracy, mosalakwitsa, ndi ntchito yoyenera ya oweruza m'chitaganya. Monga momwe lamulo ladziko latsopano lasintha kulongosola zandale kubwereranso kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo kwa kudalira pa kuyang'anira kwa judiase. Chilungamo lamphamvu cha chigawo cha . Chilungamo chachikulu cha Chikulengeza chigawo cha Chikunja cha Chikunja cha Chikulu cha Chikulamulira. Chikulengeza motero kuti chiku