Chiyambi: Kuchokera ku mayiko ena, mayiko andale ndiponso ufulu wa anthu ochepa ku Japan

Chipani cha Japan chakhala chikulamuliridwa ndi Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), mphamvu yosasintha imene yaumba malamulo a dziko chiyambire 1955. Pamene kuli kwakuti LDP yayang'anira kukula kwapadera kwa chuma ndi kukhazikika, osuliza akutsutsa kuti ulamuliro wake wakhala wochedwa kulongosola ufulu wa timagulu tating’ono. Anthu aang'onoang'ono mu Japan . Kuphatikizapo anthu a mafuko ochepa monga Ainu, Burakun, ndi Zainichi Korea, limodzinso ndi akazi, anthu opunduka, ndi LBTQ , ndi LGTQhreyah m'kayake yakale adayang'anizana ndi tsankho la kakhalidwe ka kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kuzindikira mmene zisonkhetso zazikulu zandale za dziko la Japan zikuyambukira magulu ameneŵa kuliri zofunika kwambiri kuti dziko la anthu ayesenso kulingana ndi kulingana kwa anthu.

Mosiyana, zipani zotsutsa monga Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha Japann Communist (JCP), ndi magulu aang'ono opita patsogolo asonkhezera mosalekeza malamulo amphamvu otsutsa kudana ndi kusagwirizana ndi ena ndi kukhala pakati pa anthu ambiri. Chisonkhezero chawo chakula m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kukakamiza mitundu ya ufulu waung’ono umene unagaŵiridwa. Nkhani ino ikupenda kaimidwe ka magulu aakulu andale a ku Japan, chiyambukiro champhamvu pa magulu ena a anthu ochepa, boma la ndale, ndi zopinga zosatha kusintha.

Mbiri ya Ufulu Waukulu wa Anthu ku Japan

Chikalata cha Japan chapambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, chokhazikitsidwa mu 1947, chimaletsa ufulu wa anthu ndi kufanana pansi pa lamulo (] Article 14 ). Komabe, chikalatacho sichimaletsa poyera tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, fuko, chiwerewere, kapena chizindikiritso cha mwamuna. Kusiya kumeneku kwasiya ufulu walamulo umene magulu andale zadziko akhala akuzengereza kudzaza. M'mbiri, boma la Japan linalondola lamulo la kuletsa anthu a Ainu ndi kuika ziletso zowopsa pa mudzi wa Zainchi, zachikoleya, zambiri zimene zinakakamizidwa kukhalabe ku Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo. [FL:] Burkun [Fla], ana a Aulpeto, opatulidwa ndi opatulidwa a mlandu wa kuyang'anizana ndi kuyang'anizana ndi kutsutsa kwalamulo kwa chisankhometso cha m'malamulo mu 1970.

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, cholinga cha LDP cha kutukuka kwa chuma ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri chinatanthauza kudera nkhaŵa za anthu ochepa. Chigwirizano cha chipanichi ndi magulu achipembedzo osunga mwambo ndi malonda chinalimbikitsa chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Chinalipo m'ma 1990 pamene Ainu analandira kutchuka kwalamulo monga anthu amtunduwo, ndipo mu 2019 okha pamene Diet inapambana Ain Reationion Act [[[FLL:1] Act , imene imavomereza ufulu wawo ndi chikhalidwe koma imasiya kupatsa ufulu kapena ufulu wa dziko. Momwemo, kutsutsana ndi kuvomereza ukwati wodziŵika kwa anthu kumbali imodzi kwakhala kokhalako kuyambira 2019, ndi LGTT+ - detiko la Ldin lija la lamulo lopanda lamulo. Gulu la ndalenjenje la zandale zakhala likusinthasintha kwambiri.

Magulu Aakulu a Zandale ndi Zochita Zawo pa Ufulu Waung’ono

Zigawo zotsatirazi zikufotokoza magulu aakulu ndi malo awo pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa.

Chipani cha Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

LDP yakhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi mosalekeza kuyambira mu 1955, kupanga maboma ogwirizana ndi chipani cha Komeito. Chipangizo chake cha malamulo chimagogomezera kukula kwa chuma, chisungiko cha dziko, ndi mapindu abanja. Pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa, LDP yakhala yosafuna kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kusokonezeka kwa dziko. Mwachitsanzo, gululi linatsutsa lamulo la 2021 lomwe linkafuna “kuzindikira” LGBTQ + mitu ya LB", ndi kudiza madzi a matembenuzidwe oyambirira a LDP adanena kuti kutetezera anthu ochepa a kugonana kungafooketse makhalidwe a banja. LDP’s mkati mwake, kuphatikizapo [FLD:]“ Socie yotetezera Chipulumutso cha Chikhalidwe cha Japan [1] [FLT]

Pamafuko aang'ono, LDNP inachirikiza Ainu Promoion Act koma inatsutsa kufunidwa kwa anthu amtunduwo odzisankhira. Chipanichi chimasunganso kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi Buraku Livition League ? Ayi; inde, LDP kaŵirikaŵiri yapeŵa kulimbana mwachindunji ndi Tsankho la Burakun, kusankha zothetsera za kumaloko zoyenerera. M'maudindo a akazi, LDP pansi pa Nduna Yaikulu Shinzo Abe imayambitsa “Magalamu a akazi" kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya akazi, koma malamulo ake sanachitepo nkhani za tsankho lamphamvu kapena za kugonana. Gululo limakayikirabe kuimira akazi.

Constitution Democraticism Party (CDP)

CDP, , yopangidwa mu 2017 monga kugwirizanitsa magulu angapo akumanzere, ndi chipani chachikulu chotsutsa. Imalimbikitsa njira zolimbikitsira ufulu wa anthu ochepa, kuphatikizapo lamulo lachisawawa lokhudza fuko, ukazi, chiwerewere, ndi kupunduka. CDP yalinganiza kuti] “Malamulo apamwamba pa ufulu wa anthu [1] amene angalimbitse njira zosungitsira ufulu wa anthu. Mkati mwa mpikisano wa 2021 wa chisankho, chipani chilo cha kukhazikitsa ukwati wofanana ndi wa akazi ndi anthu wamba m'ndale. Komabe, mgwirizano wake ndi magulu ena aang'ono asinthanso zofuna zimenezi. CDP inatchanso kuti kuvomereza ndi kudziwika kwa Ainichi ndi kuthayi, ngakhale kuti dziko lalephera kuvomereza ufulu wokhudza ufulu wa dziko kapena kugawa.

Komeito

Komeito, mnzake wa m'gulu la LDP logwirizana, linachokera ku gulu la Chibuda la Soka Gakkai. Pulogalamu yake imalimbikitsa ubwino wa anthu, mtendere, ndi ulemu wa anthu. Komeito nthaŵi zambiri wakhala akusonkhezera anthu kugwirizanitsa, kulimbikitsa kusinthasintha kwa zinthu pa nkhani zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, inachita mbali yaikulu popereka ufulu wa anthu 2021 LGBTQ+ . Komabe, Komeito wakhala wosamala za ukwati wa anthu a m'masex, akutchulanso mfundo zachipembedzo. Pamafuko, gulu la anthu a m'zipembedzo, limachirikiza kusungidwa kwa chikhalidwe koma sililimbikitsa kukonzanso. Chisonkhetso chake pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa n’chochepa.

Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Japan (JCP)

JCP ndi chipani chopita patsogolo kwambiri pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa. Chimafuna malamulo omveka bwino oletsa kusankhana mitundu ndi akazi, kukhazikitsa mwalamulo ukwati wa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, ndi kuchotsa chilango cha imfa . Nkhani ya JCP siigwirizana mwachindunji ndi anthu ochepa koma yogwirizana ndi chilungamo cha anthu. Imachirikizanso ufulu wa Zanichi Koreas, kuphatikizapo ufulu wosankha masankho a dzikolo, ndipo yapereka lingaliro la kuvomereza kuti atsatidwenso mwalamulo pa dziko la Japan lakale. Ngakhale kuti nkhani yake yomveka bwino, JCPP yakhala yosagwirizana ndi ndalensi ya dziko lonse, yokhala ndi mipando 10 yokha m’nyumba yaing'ono. Ziphunziro zake sizimakhala lamulo, koma zimasunga nkhani zochepa m'maganizo.

Nippon Ishin no Kai (Chipani cha ku Japan cha Kusintha)

Gulu la Osaka limeneli likunena za kuyenerera kwa chigawo ndi kusungidwa kwa ufulu wa anthu ochepa. Silinakhale ndi malo amphamvu pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri imasiyira opanga malamulo. Mu 2022, mamembala ena a Ishin anatsutsa lamulo loletsa kugawana mu mzinda wa Osaka, kusonyeza chisonkhezero cha chipanichi pa ufulu wa anthu ochepa kwambiri.

Chiyambukiro pa Magulu Aang’ono

Mitundu Ing’onoing’ono: Ainu, Burakumin, ndi Zainichi Korea

Chikalata cha boma cha Japan chosimba za kukhala mtundu umodzi chakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mafuko. Ainu , ya ku madera a Hokkaido ndi kumpoto, inadziŵika mu 2008 ndi chigamulo cha Diet chimene sichinapereke ufulu wapadera. Magulu 2019Ai Provention Act anakhazikitsa thumba la ntchito za chikhalidwe koma anakana mwachindunji zoyenera za dziko kapena ufulu wa kudzilamulira. LDP yakhala ndi zikalata zotsutsana ndi bungwe la UN zopatsa Ainu ulamuliro pa madera awo a . Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, magulu otsutsa monga CDP ndi JCP adachirikiza ufulu wa dziko ndi ufulu waukulu.

chitaganya cha Burakumin , chikuyerekezeredwa pa 1-3 miliyoni ya anthu, chikupitirizabe kuyang'anizana ndi tsankho pantchito ndi ukwati. LDP yachirikiza Chilamulo Buraku Livotion [ (1969]) ndi oloŵa ake, koma malamulo ameneŵa amasumika pa kuwongolera mikhalidwe ya moyo mmalo mwa kutsutsa ufulu. Chitsutso chakakamiza lamulo lamphamvu ndi la choonadi, koma zigamulo zimenezi zaletsa. Zigamu zandale zandale zakhala mobwerezabwereza pa nkhani za Burikamuni, monga momwe zimakhalira zonyansa.

[[FLT: 0] Zainichi Coréas , mbadwa zachitatu ndi zinayi za osamukira ku dziko lina, amayang'anizana ndi tsankhu lalamulo: iwo amaletsedwa kuvota m'masankho a dziko lonse ndipo saloledwa kuloŵa m'nyumba za anthu. LDP yaletsa kupatsa ufulu wosankha, pamene CDP ndi JCP imachirikiza. CDP yasonyezanso chichirikizo. Komabe, ndale zadziko idzasintha lamulolo kukhalabe lotsika, ndipo nthaŵi zina malingaliro otsutsa Akarena a kuphulitsa m'ndale zofala.

Kulingana kwa Akazi ndi Kulingana kwa Mabanja

Akazi ku Japan amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zosatha: kuchepa kwa utsogoleri, kuchepa kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe amalipira pafupifupi 24%, ndi kuvuta akazi . “Akazi a P. Antchito owonjezereka a akazi koma sanathetse nkhani zomangira monga ntchito zapanyumba zosalipidwa kapena kusasamala ana. CDP ndi JCP ochirikiza kugwirizanitsa amuna ndi akazi m'mabungwe a kampani ndi mipando yosankhidwiramo. Mu 2020, Japan inatenga malo a 120 kuchokera ku maiko 156 mu World Econom’s Forder Mendement Indement. Magulu andale a zandale sanapange kulingana kwa kugonana kukhala chinthu chofunika koposa; CD PLD imasunga mfundo yoyenerera ya makhalidwe aulimi.

Mu 2023, lamulo lofuna makampani okhala ndi antchito oposa 300 kuvumbula mpata wawo wa kugonana linaperekedwa pansi pa gulu la LDP-Komeito, kupita patsogolo. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya tsankho imakhalabe yalamulo. Magulu otsutsa akupitiriza kukakamiza kaamba ka njira zolimba, koma kutsutsa kwa LDP kwachedwetsa kupita patsogolo.

LGBTQ+ Ufulu

Japan ndi dziko lokha la G7 limene silimavomereza ukwati wa kugonana kapena maukwati a boma. Mu 2021, bungwe la LDP-Komeito linakhazikitsa lamulo limene “likusintha kumvetsetsa” kwa LGBTQ+ anthu + (ilomwe silinaletse tsankho. Chiyambire pamenepo, makhoti ambiri a boma asankha kuti kusakwatira ukwati umodzi ndi kusagwirizana, koma LDP sanasonkhezere kusintha lamulolo. CDP ndi JCP yayambitsa zikalata za kulinganiza kwa ukwati ndi kutsutsa kugaŵana kwa malamulo a boma, koma sanachitepo kanthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maukwati.

Anthu asintha maganizo awo: Kufufuza tsopano kukusonyeza kuti anthu oposa 70% amachirikiza ukwati wa kugonana. Komabe zipani zandale, makamaka LDP, zikuchedwa. Opanga malamulo a LDP amaopa kukhumudwitsa anthu achipembedzo ndi amwambo. Chiyambukiro chake nchachikulu: LGBTQ+ anthu akusimba kudzipha kwapamwamba ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu. Magulu andale amayambukira mwachindunji mkhalidwe walamulo ndi wa anthu.

Kuimira Ndale ndi Kuletsa Lamulo

Maboma aang'ono amaimiridwa mokulira m'Chikondwerero cha Japan. Akazi amasunga kokha 14% ya mipando yapansi pa nyumba . Pansi pa avereji ya maiko a OECD. Pali kokha oŵerengeka okha a LGBTQ + opanga malamulo, ndipo palibe mitundu yaing'ono ya maMP m'nyumba yaing'ono. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Buramamini [[FLD :] ili ndi chithunzi china cha LDP- kumbuyo Chigwirizano cha [1] Butura , koma samalankhula poyera za chiyambi chawo. [FLT:] AUNU] mmodzi woimira m’nyumba yapamwamba kuyambira 2022.

Ziyambukiro za malamulo zimasonyeza kusoŵa kwa kuimira kumeneku. Act pa Kuchirikiza Chikhalidwe cha Ainu alibe makonzedwe osungitsa. Anti-Bulish Act [[FLT:]) Amalimbikitsa magulu kulephera manambala ofanana ndi ophunzira koma alibe chilango cha osagwirizana. Palibe lamulo lokwanira loletsa kudana ndi mawu kapena tsankho, ntchito, kapena ntchito. [FTB:]

Zipani za ndale zadziko zili ndi thayo kaamba ka mipata imeneyi. Kulamulira kwa LDP kumatanthauza kuti ngongole zaubwenzi waung’ono sizifika kaŵirikaŵiri pa chivoti. Chitsutso, pamene kuli kwakuti sichili ndi ziŵerengero zokakamiza kachitidwe ka lamulo. Chotulukapo chake ndicho njira yogwirizana imene kaŵirikaŵiri imatsutsidwa ndi maiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya UN pa Kuchotsa Chilangano cha Utundu yalimbikitsa Japan mobwerezabwereza kukhazikitsa lamulo lomvekera bwino.

Zochitika Zaposachedwapa ndi Mavuto

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ufulu wa anthu ochepa wapezeka kwambiri, chifukwa cha chisonkhezero cha mayiko, kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, ndi kusintha kwa mbadwo. 2020 Tokyo Olimpiki inafufuza mmene Ainu ndi LGBTQ+ + chitaganya. Makhoti ku Saproo, Tokyo, ndi Fukuoka alamulira kuti chiletso pa ukwati wa uponderezedwa chimaphwanya malamulo a boma. Mu 2023, LDP [FLT: 0] inakana malingaliro otsutsa kukhala ndi makambitsirano a pa malamulo a ukwati wolingana, kukalimbirana kwapo poyera.

chitaganya chinaonanso chipambano chochepa mu 2022 pamene boma linagaŵira ndalama zothandizira kuphunzira chinenero, koma kusoŵa kwa ufulu wandale kudakali nkhani yoŵaŵa. Panthaŵi ino, kuda Zainichi Corées chikupitirizabe, makamaka pa Intaneti, ndipo magulu andale achita zochepa kuletsa. CDP ndi JCP anayambitsa chiletso choletsa udani waukulu, koma sichinapite.

Zitokoso zimaphatikizapo mkhalidwe wa anthu wozama, LDP's kulamulira mphamvu, ndi kugaŵikana kwa magulu otsutsa. CDP yayesayesa kupereka kutsogolo kogwirizana, ndipo zipani zazing'ono sizigwirizana. Kusoŵa kwa dongosolo la kuimira kofanana ndi kagulu kakang'ono kokhala ndi zizindikiro zolimba kumalepheretsa kusintha. Ndiponso, LDP kaŵirikaŵiri imagwirizana ndi magulu a anthu ang'onoang'onoang'ono, kuchepetsa zofuna zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Buraku FYF: Livegive Leage [FLD:1] yasuliridwa chifukwa chovomereza LDPGATIGO posinthana ndi chichirikizo cha ndale zadziko.

Lingaliro Loyerekezera ndi la Mtsogolo

Poyerekezera ndi mademokrase ena opita patsogolo, Japan ali ndi ufulu waung’ono. United States, Canada, ndi maiko a ku Ulaya ali ndi malamulo otsutsa kwambiri kusagwirizana kwa anthu, ukwati wa kugonana, ndi kuvomereza mwamphamvu. Kusoŵa kwa Japan kwa gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi chitaganya chake chofooka ndizo zochititsa. Magulu andale ku Japan salabadira kwenikweni malamulo a osankhidwa ndi ochepa chifukwa chakuti magulu ameneŵa ali ndi mphamvu zogawira.

Komabe, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko kukukakamiza anthu kuti agwirizane. Infonso Rights Watch 2024 lipoti la ku Japan lodziŵika ndi kupita patsogolo kwa Ainu koma kutsutsa kusoŵa kwa lamulo la boma loletsa kugawana. International Labour Organization Yapemphanso chitetezo champhamvu pa tsankho. Malo opitirizabe a kuvomereza kuti asunge ukwati umodzi wa anthu. Mpapo angakakamize kuti pakhale chivomezo cha LDP, makamaka ngati lingaliro la anthu lipitirizabe kusintha.

Mtsogolo mwa ufulu wa anthu ochepa ku Japan kumadalira pa zipani za ndale. Ngati LDP ikhalabe ndi mphamvu, kupita patsogolo kudzakhala kochedwa ndi kogwirizana. Gulu la otsutsa amene apeza ambiri angafulumize kukonzanso zinthu. Kapena, kugawikana pakati pa LDP yake yosasintha ndi yamakono kungayambitse kusintha. Ntchito ya Komeito monga mnzake wa mgwirizano idzakhalanso yofunika kwambiri:

Magulu a nzika, monga ngati Ukwati wa Japanll [FLT :1] ndi Association ya Hokkaido , imapitirizabe kulandiridwa kaamba ka kusintha. Zoyesayesa zawo, kuphatikizapo kupenda kwa mitundu yonse, zingafooketse pang'onopang'onopang'ono kutsutsa kwa LDP. Komabe, kufikira kuimira kochepa mu Diet ikuwonjezeka [1] kupyola kapena kusintha kwa pulogalamu ya [1] Kuthekera kudzakhalabe ndi malire.

Kumaliza

Zipani za ndale zadziko za Japan zimachita mbali yaikulu m'kuwongolera ufulu waung'ono. Kulamulira kwa LDP kwanthaŵi yaitali kwasunga mkhalidwe, kukhazikitsa bata pa kuphatikizidwa. Magulu otsutsa, makamaka CDP ndi JCP, asunthidwa nthaŵi zonse kaamba ka chitetezo champhamvu, koma kusoŵa kwawo mphamvu ya malamulo kwachepetsa mphamvu zawo. Kupita patsogolo kwapangidwa pa mfundo zina, LGBTQ, ndi malamulo ozindikira, ndi kutengamo mbali kwa akazi modzichepetsa , koma njira zimenezi nzosadziŵika bwino.

Mtsogolo mwa ufulu wa anthu ochepa mu Japan mulibe umboni wotsimikizira. Chidzadalira pa zolinga za ndale za zipani zazikulu, kusonkhanitsa anthu ochepa, ndi zitsenderezo zakunja. Pakalipano, kusiyana kwa malamulo a dziko lonse la Japan ndi moyo wa banja kukupitirizabe. Kulingana sikudzangofuna kusintha kwa malamulo komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha ndale zadziko kumene kumapindulitsadi kusiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikizidwa. Kutsutsana kopitirizabe m'zandale za Japan, ngakhale kuli kochedwa, nkofunika kuti ufulu wa nzika zake zonse upite patsogolo.

Akatswiri a UN akufulumiza Japan kutengera lamulo lokwanira loletsa kusagwirizana [1] [1] BC: magulu ang'onoang'ono a Japan ndi kulimbana kwa zoyenera [