Chiyambi: Malamulo Oona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku America

United States Constitution, monga momwe inavomerezedwera mu 1788, sinali ndi zitetezero zotsimikizirika za ufulu wa anthu wa anthu ambiri. Inafuna Nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni yokhetsa mwazi, zaka zana la kusagwirizana kwa anthu, ndi kupitirizabe kwa ochirikiza osaŵerengeka a kusintha chikalata cha dzikolo kukhala chotetezera chenicheni cha ufulu wa munthu aliyense ndi kufanana kwake. Kusintha kwa ufulu wa anthu ku Malamulo, limodzi ndi kusintha malamulo a boma, kwasinthanso chitaganya cha America mwa kukulitsa unzika, kukhazikitsa chitetezo chofanana pansi pa lamulo, kuchotsa ukapolo wa anthu, ndi kusungitsa ufulu weniweni wa anthu onse mosasamala kanthu za fuko, kugonana, kapena chuma.

Kuzindikira kukonza zinthu zimenezi sikuli njira yongophunzitsa. Zimapanga maziko alamulo olowera ufulu wa anthu onse pamene mlandu uliwonse wamakono umamangidwa, kuyambira kusukulu mpaka kulingana kwa ukwati mpaka kuvota. Kufufuza kumeneku kupenda kukonza kwakukulu kwa malamulo kumene kumalongosola ufulu wa anthu ku United States, kufufuza makonzedwe awo, mbiri yawo, ndi ziyambukiro zawo pa moyo wa Amereka. Tikufufuza chisinthiko chimenechi kuchokera ku kuchotsedwa kwa ukapolo mu 1865 mpaka ku kukula kwa ufulu wa kuvota mu 1970, ndi kupenda lamulo lapadera limene limaika malamulo a malamulo a malamulo a malamulo m'malamulo ku ntchito.

M’chikalata cha 13 cha M’mbuyomu: Kuchotsa Ukapolo ndi Kusadzifunira

Pa December 6, 1865, bungwe la 13 la Amereka lasintha kwambiri pa nkhani ya malamulo a dziko la America ndipo linasintha kwambiri pa nkhani ya kumanga boma la United States kuyambira nthawi imene dziko la Britain linkalamulira dziko la Spain ndipo ndi limene linkayambitsa mkangano wokhudza kulemba malamulo a malamulo oyambirira.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Kuchotsa ukapolo mu United States ndi magawo ake.
  • Kuletsa ukapolo waufulu [, kusiyapo chilango cha upandu wotsatira njira yoyenerera.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo ya boma yoperekedwa kukhazikitsa malamulo oyenerera.

Chinenero cha kusintha chinali chachidule koma chachilendo. Chigawo 1 chikunena kuti, ‘ Ukapolo kapena ukapolo wamwadzidzidzi, kusiyapo chilango cha mlandu umene gululo lidzazengedwa, chidzakhala mu United States, kapena malo alionse amene iwo alamulidwa. Chigamulo chimodzi chimenechi chinamasula pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi a Aafirika ogwidwa ukapolo ndipo chinakana lamulo limene linachitira anthu monga chuma.

Komabe, Kusintha kwa 13 kunali kopanda njira yabwino yothetsera. Kusiyapo ngati chilango cha upandu" kunachititsa chiwonjezeko chachikulu. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni, maboma ambiri a Kum’mwera adakhazikitsa "Malamulo Akuda" ndipo pambuyo pake "Jim Cyrow" malamulo amene anagamula milandu yaing'ono ndipo kenaka analola anthu oimbidwa mlandu ku minda, mabomba, ndi mafakitale kuimbidwa mlandu mwa kuchotsa maprogramu oletsa. Dongosololi linapititsa patsogolo motsimikizirika mtundu wa ntchito yokakamiza kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kuyambukira mopambanitsa amuna a ku African America. Monga momwe Tries . [FLT: 1] Trect:], lamulo la lamulo la lamulo linapereka mphamvu yoposa malamulo onga ngati Chilamulo cha Chilamulo cha Active 66, chimene chinafuna kutsutsa lamulo la Blansi, koma kuukira kutsata kwa mibadwo ya chilo.

Mbiri ndi Makhalidwe Ake

Demetrie ya 13 inali yopangidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa ndale m'miyezi yomalizira ya Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni. Pulezidenti Abraham Lincoln adatulutsa Emancip Proclation mu 1863, koma limenelo linali likulu la nkhondo limene linagwira ntchito kokha m'maboma m'chipanduko ndipo linali ndi malamulo okayikitsa. Kukonzanso kutsimikizira kuti kuchotsa kudzakhala kwachikhalire ndi dziko lonse. Kupitirira Nyumba ya Malamulo mu April 1864 , koma kunayang'anizana ndi chitsutso cholimba m'Nyumba kufikira pamene Lincoln anakhazikitsa njira yake yopimira ndi nkhondoyo mu January 1865. Kusintha kwa malamulo kunatha pofika chaka chimenecho.

Kukonzansoko kunayala maziko a lamulo a zonse ziŵiri Owonjezera a 14 ndi 15 ndipo kwatchulidwa m’milandu ya Bwalo Lapamwamba lamakono yophatikizapo ukapolo waufulu m’nkhani zochokera ku ndende zoloŵera m’dziko la boma mpaka ku ntchito ya m’ndende. Choloŵa chake nchochocholoŵana: zonse ziŵiri zinakwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu cha kusungidwa kwa anthu ndi kuyambitsa maziko a dongosolo la kusungidwa kwa anthu onse limene ochirikiza ufulu wachibadwidwe likupitirizabe kuchotsa ndi kudyerera madera opatuka.

Mpumulo wa 14: Kukhala Nzika, Chitetezo Chofanana, ndi Kachitidwe Koyenera

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa July 9, 1868, Kusintha kwa 14 kwa Chigamulo kumalingaliridwa mofala kukhala kusinthika kwakukulu kwa lamulo la malamulo a America. Ilo linafotokoza malo alamulo a anthu akale ogwidwa ukapolo, kukana mbiri yoipa Scott v. Sandford , ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo aakulu omwe akakhala maziko a ufulu wa anthu wamakono.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Classic : Anthu onse obadwa kapena ozoloŵereka ku United States ndi nzika za United States ndi za boma limene amakhala.
  • .Cqual Protection Claus : Palibe boma limene lingakane munthu aliyense wokhala m’ulamuliro wake kuchinjiriza kofanana kwa malamulo.
  • Sergent Process Claus : Palibe boma limene lingalande munthu aliyense moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu popanda dongosolo loyenerera la lamulo.
  • Priviges kapena Immunites Clause: Maboma sangakhale malo otsekera mwaŵi kapena akatemera a nzika za U.S.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo kwa boma [ ndi kuchepetsa kuimira kwa maboma okana ufulu wovota.

Kuteteza Claus Molingana

Kutetezera Kofanana ndi Claus kwakhala malo apakati a nkhondo ya ufulu wa anthu mu United States. M'nkhani yapadera ya 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Bwalo Lapamwamba linatsutsa kuti fuko la anthu m'masukulu linaswa Chitetezo cha Malamulo cha Malonda a Claus, kugwetsa chiphunzitso cha "ogwirizana koma chofanana" chokhazikitsidwa mu Py v. Ferguson (1186). [[FLT: 4.] Mabuku a za m'dziko] Zolemba za m'malemba za m'masukulu zimene zinalengeza kuti zigamuwero zopatulirapo za maphunziro n’zosalingana, kutumikira monga gulu la ufulu wa anthu.

Chiganizochi chagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nkhani za akazi, kuyambira ndi Reed v. Reed[FLT :1] [771] ndi Craig v. Boren, imene inakhazikitsa muyezo wapakati wa kusanthula kwa magawo a kugonana. [mapangano] [aposachedwapa] Oferebv. Hodges , Khoti inakhulupirira kuti Kuteteza Claus, kuphatikizapo Programme Claus, imatsimikizira kuti okwatirana omwewo ali oyenerera kukwatira. Kusankhana kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsutsa tsankho, ana osakwatirana, ndi kuyang'ana, ndi m'madera ena, ndi mchitidwe wa kugonana.

Kutsatira Makonzedwe a Claus ndi Kulemekezana

The System Claus yamasuliridwa kukhala zotetezera zonse ziŵiri (chidziŵitso cha pulocedtural, makhoti opanda tsankho) ndi zitetezero zapansi (kuyenera kwachibadwa kosandandandal'a m'Malamulo). Kupyolera m'chiphunzitso cha kusankha kugwirizana , Bwalo Lapamwamba lagwiritsira ntchito Gwiricedment's Procession ya 14 Clause kugwiritsa ntchito mbali yaikulu ya Bill of Rights ku maboma, kuwonjezereka kwa chitetezo cha boma kaamba ka ufulu uliwonse.

Kuphatikizapo kumeneku ndi njira imene ufulu wa kulankhula, ufulu wa chipembedzo, kuyenera kwa kunyamula zida, kutetezera ku kufunafuna kosalingalira ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri, ndi kuyenera kwa kupereka uphungu kwa onsewo kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito ku maboma ndi maiko. Popanda kuwonjezera malamulo a 14 a boma, maboma akanakhala omasuka kunyalanyaza konse Bill of Rights.

M’chikalata cha 15 cha M’mbuyomu: Kugaŵirana Ufulu ndi Kulingana kwa Ufuko pa Bokosi la Ballot

Pa February 3, 1870, nyuzipepala ya 15 ya Amereka inali yachitatu pa Malamulo Okonzanso zinthu ndipo inafuna kuonetsetsa kuti amuna a ku Africa atha kutenga nawo mbali pa zandale.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Kutsutsa tsankho la kusankhana mafuko [[[FLT: 1]]: Kuyenera kwa kuvota sikudzakanidwa kapena kuletsedwa chifukwa cha fuko, mtundu, kapena mkhalidwe wapapitapo wa ukapolo.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo [ kukhazikitsa malamulo oyenerera.

Kumenyera Nkhondo Yokakamiza

Ngakhale kuti kunali kumveka bwino, Kusintha kwa 15 kunatha kutha zaka pafupifupi 100 kuchokera pamene kunakonzedwa. Mayiko a kum’mwera anagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopatsira ufulu, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a kusuta, (amene nthaŵi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa anthu Akuda osankha), [[FLT:] misonkho yoyera (imene inakhudza kwambiri anthu osauka a ku Africa), kuswa malamulo apamwamba (imene makolo awo analetsa nkhondo yachiŵeretsa ku ), ndi [FLT] . [FLT] Oyera (ichotsapo Agulu la Azungu a ku chigawo china chakumwera).

Chiwawa ndi chiwopsezo, kuphatikizapo lynchings ndi ntchito za Ku Klux Klan, inatsekerezanso kulembetsa kwa Black ndi kutuluka. Khoti Lapamwamba, m'milandu yonga United States v. Cruikshank [1] (1876) ndi Giles v. Harris [1903], lotembenuzidwa mopepuka ndi mphamvu ya boma kusungitsa kusungitsa kumbuyo chikalata cha boma lomwe linali kupititsa patsogolo tsankho.

Chikalata Chovomereza Ufulu wa Anthu cha 1965

Pomalizira pake, Demetrition ya 15 inapanga mphamvu yeniyeni kupyolera mu Voing Rights Act ya 1965 (VRA), imene Nyumba ya Malamulo inatsogolera pansi pa ulamuliro wake. VRA inaletsa tsankho la fuko povota, mayeso oletsa kulemba ndi kuletsa kulemba ndi zigamulo zina, ndi kufuna maulamuliro a mbiri ya kusankhana kuti apeze malamulo a boma asanasinthe malamulo awo osankhira. U.S Department of Justice imatchula kuti Chilamulochi chimaonedwa kukhala chimodzi mwa zigawo zamphamvu koposa za malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe amene anakhazikitsapo. M'miyezi isanu ya nzika za Akuda zikwi zambiri zolembetsa kuvota.

Komabe, chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu cha 2013 mu Selby County v. Hoder inachotsa lamulo lokhudza mfundo ya kuonekeratu, kufooketsa kwambiri VRA. Kuyambira pamene chigamulocho, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo atsopano oletsa kuvota amene amakhudza anthu ochepa, kusonyeza kuti nkhondo yofuna kukwaniritsa lonjezo la 15 la Kusintha zinthu ikupitirira mpaka lero.

Mpumulo wa 19: Kufalikira kwa Demokrase kwa Akazi

Kuyesedwa pa August 18, 1920, Demendment ya 19 inamaliza nkhondo ya zaka makumi ambiri ya gulu la akazi kuti apeze ufulu wosankha akazi. Ilo limaimira kuwonjezereka kwakukulu koposa kwa zoyenera zovota m’mbiri ya America ndipo inasintha kwenikweni mkhalidwe wa democracy ya America.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Ufulu wa akazi wosankha : Ufulu wa kuvota sudzakanidwa kapena kuletsedwa chifukwa cha kugonana.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo la kumbuyo kwa boma.

Kuyenda Kochititsa Chisudzulo

Kayendetsedwe ka akazi kanayamba moona mtima pa Seneca Falls Convention mu 1848, yolinganizidwa ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton ndi Lucretia Mott. Kwa zaka zoposa 70, olemba mabuku anagwiritsira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo nyumba zoperekera malamulo a boma, kulondola milandu, kulinganiza zisonyezero zapoyera, ndi, ndipo, motsogozedwa ndi Alice Paul ndi National Woman’s Party, akugwirizana mwachiwawa kuphatikizapo kulanda Nyumba ya Chitetezo ndi njala.

Kusinthako kunadutsa Nyumba mu May 1919 ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo mu June 1919, koma panafunika 36 a maboma panthaŵiyo kuti a "raify". Pofika August 1920, Tennessee anakhala boma lomaliza la 36, atavota kuti afikire woimira wa boma wa zaka 24 Harry Burn , amene anasintha voti yake atalandira kalata kuchokera kwa amayi ake yomulimbikitsa kuti achirikize chisinthiko.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kupitiriza Kuvutika

Mpando wa 19 wa Amereka unaŵirikiza kaŵiri chisankho cha voti ndipo unatsogolera ku chisankho cha akazi oyambirira ku Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi mabwalo a boma. Komabe, kuli kofunika kudziŵa kuti kusintha sikunatsimikizire kuti akazi ambiri a mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo akazi a ku Africa, kuphatikizapo akazi a ku South, Eni America, akazi a ku Asia, ndi akazi a ku Spain, anapitirizabe kuyang'anizana ndi ziletso zalamulo ndi zowonjezereka zosankha kufikira Voting Rights Act ya 1965 ndipo lamulo lotsatira linalankhula ndi akazi ameneŵa.

Kukonza kumeneku kwakhalanso maziko a kulingana kwa amuna ndi akazi kochitidwa ndi bungwe la Aumelt Protection Claus, lothandiza kuswa malamulo auganda pantchito, maphunziro, ndi malo ogona a anthu onse.

Msonkho Woipitsa wa 24: Kuchotsapo Msonkho

Pa January 23, 1964, bungwe la 24 Lokonza Malamulo linafotokoza njira yofala kwambiri yochotsera anthu mavoti: msonkho wovota.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Kuletsa misonkho ya kuvotera [[FL:1] : Kuyenera kwa kuvota m'masankho a boma sikudzaperekedwa pa kukhoma msonkho wa kuvota kapena msonkho wina uliwonse.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo la kumbuyo kwa boma.

Pofika nthaŵi ya kusanthula, maboma asanu okha (Alatima, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, ndi Virginia) adasungabe misonkho ya kufunsira. Komabe, maboma amenewo anagwiritsira ntchito bwino msonkho kuchotsa mbali yaikulu ya osankhidwa. MPUPUPUTSD 24 inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masankho a boma. Harper v. Virginia Board of Evolutions [1] (19666), Khoti Lapamwamba linawonjezera chiletso cha chisankho, kuchititsa kuswa msonkho wofanana ndi Claus Exption of 14th Reformation. Kuletsa kumeneku ndi malamulo a 24 ogwirizana ndi malamulo 14 a dongosolo la malamulo owonjezera kukhazikitsa malamulo a ufulu wogwirizana ndi ufulu waukulu wapamwamba.

Mpumulo wa 26: Kuchepetsa Mbadwo Wosinthasintha Zinthu Kukhala 18

Pa July 1, 1971, bungwe la 26 Lokonzanso zinthu linawonjezera ufulu wa nzika za zaka 18 ndi kupitirirapo ndipo linavomereza mwamsanga kuti dziko la America lisinthe zinthu pa miyezi yoposa itatu yokha, ndipo linavomereza kuti dziko likhale ndi chilolezo chokwanira 38 m’dzikolo.

Zogaŵira Zofunika

  • Kuvotera pa msinkhu woikidwa pa 18 : Kuyenera kwa kuvota sikudzamanidwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wa nzika kwa zaka 18 kapena kuposerapo.
  • Mphamvu ya kusungitsa lamulo la kumbuyo kwa boma.

‘ Wamkulu Wokwanira Kumenya Nkhondo, Wokalamba Wokwanira Kulankhula ’

Kusintha kunali chotulukapo chachindunji cha nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Vietnam. Anyamata mamiliyoni ambiri anaikidwa kuti atumikire m'gulu lankhondo pausinkhu wazaka 18, koma sanakhoze kuvotera atsogoleri opanga zosankha za nkhondo ndi mtendere. Mawu akuti "kale kwambiri kuti amenyane, ali ndi zaka zokwanira kuvomereza" analanda mphamvu ya kutsutsana. Zoyesayesa zakale za kuchepetsa nyengo yosankha inali itachitidwa pamlingo wa boma, ndi chipambano china, koma kuwonjezera kwa Voting Rights Act kwa 1970 kukhazikitsa ufulu wa dziko lonse la 18, kungofuna kukhala ndi ulamuliro wa Bwalo lapamwamba mu . Mitchell . (1970) Nyumba ya malamulo imene inakhazikitsa zaka za chisankhoti kapena mavoti a boma.

Chikalata chogwirizana cha nyengo zosiyanasiyana zosankha zisanagwire ntchito. Congress anavomera mwa kukhazikitsa Lamulo la 26 la Amereka, limene linachotsa ziletso zonse za msinkhu kwa osankha 18 ndi achikulire pa masankho onse. Chisinthiro chinasintha pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 11 ndipo chakhala nkhani yosasintha ponena za wosankha, pangano la ndale zadziko, ndi mbali ya achichepere m’madongosolo a democracy.

Kupitirira Malamulo Owonjezera: Malamulo Osintha Ufulu wa Anthu

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma asintha zinthu kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi malamulo, iwo alamula kuti malamulo angapo a boma athandize kuti lonjezo la kusinthako likhale loona kwa nzika za ku America.

Lamulo la 1964 la Ufulu Wachiŵeniŵeni

Chikalata cha Civil Rights Act cha 1964 ndi lamulo lofala kwambiri la ufulu wachibadwidwe kuyambira pa kukonzanso. Chikudutsa m'nthaŵi ya ulamuliro wa Pulezidenti Lyndon B. Johnson ndi pambuyo pa woweruza wamkulu mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, Chikalata choletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena mtundu wa anthu. Maina ake aakulu amaphatikizapo:

  • Umutwe I : Inavomereza kusagwiritsira ntchito kofanana kwa zifuno zolembetsa zovota (kumangidwa pa Demetria la 15).
  • Title II : tsankho losonyeza tsankhu m'malo ogona a anthu onse monga mahotela, malesitilanti, ndi mabwalo a maseŵero (oikidwa mu ulamuliro wa malonda wa 14 Demetria).
  • Itle III: Boma lovomerezedwa ndi maboma akuno kukana kulowa m'zipinda za boma zozikidwa pa tsankho (14 Lamphumphu).
  • [[FLT: 0] Itle IV [FLT : adalemba kuchotsedwa kwa masukulu a boma (kusintha Brown v. Board of Education ).
  • Umutwe VI : Tsankho lochitidwa ndi maprogramu olandira ndalama za boma.
  • Title VII: tsankho la ntchito lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena mtundu ndipo linakhazikitsa bungwe la Ogwirizana Opportunity Commission (EOC).

Chikalata cha Act’s Thit VII chakhala maziko a lamulo lalikulu la tsankho la ntchito, kuphatikizapo chitetezo ku kuvutitsidwa, kusankhidwa pa mimba, ndi, kudzera m'zigamulo zaposachedwapa za khoti Lapamwamba, tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi chinsinsi cha mwamuna ndi mkazi ( Bostock v. Clayton County, 2020]

Chikalata Chovomereza Ufulu wa Anthu cha 1965

Monga momwe kunafotokozera za Demetrimenti ya 15, VRA ya 1965 inapereka njira zosungitsa zimene Demetriyo ya 15 sinali. Inaletsa kugwiritsira ntchito mayeso a kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kupima ena, ofufuza a boma ololedwa kulembetsa ovota m'zigawo zotsegulidwa, ndi kufuna kuti boma likhale ndi malamulo a masinthidwe a masankho otsatizana. Act inatulutsa zotsatira zazikulu: Pofika mu 1968, kulembetsa kwa Black ku Mississippispe kunayamba ndi 7% mu 1964 kufika pa 59%.

Lamulo la Kusamalira Nyumba la mu 1968

Ataphedwa Dr Martin Luther King Jr., Pangano la Fair Howar Act (Tit VIII la Chikalata cha Chisankho cha Chisungiko cha Chisungiko cha 1968) linaletsa tsankho pogulitsa, pobwereka nyumba, ndi popereka ndalama zochokera ku fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, mtundu, ndi kugonana kwapambuyo pake, kulumala, ndi malo auchiŵanda. Lamulolo linalongosola dongosolo lokhazikika la nyumba zokhala zokhalamo zochirikizidwa ndi malamulo a boma, tsankho laumwini, ndi mapangano oletsa fuko. Lakhala lofunika kwambiri m'kusinthasinthasintha, kuyendetsa, ndi machitachita ena opatula milandu, ngakhale kuti kusamuka kumakhalako kudakali nkhani yosatha m’mizinda yambiri ya ku America.

Kulimbana Kopitirizabe Kaamba ka Ufulu wa Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Kukhulupirika m’Bukhu la Malamulo

Kusintha kwa ufulu wa anthu kofotokozedwa m’nkhani ino kumaimira malamulo a lamulo ovomereza kulingana ndi ufulu zimene zikutsutsidwa ndi kukwaniritsidwa. Malonjezo a 13 a ufulu a kuperekedwa kwa ufulu amatsutsidwa ndi dongosolo la kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri ndi mitundu yamakono ya ntchito. Malamulo a Chisinthiko a 14 amatsimikizira kuti kuli chitetezo chofanana ndi kuvomereza, kuvota, ndi kusamukira ku dziko. Malamulo a 15 ndi 19 amalimbana ndi nkhondo zopitirizabe pa malamulo a ovota, gerrydering, ndi kulowa m'bokosi la boloti.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kumeneku n’zofanana ndi kuti zili makonzedwe ozembera kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo inene zoyenera zawo. Amapatsa Nyumba ndi makhoti mphamvu yolimbana ndi mitundu yatsopano ya tsankho imene okonzawo sangakhale ataiyembekezera. Chikalata cha ufulu wachibadwidwe cha 1964, Chiletso cha Voting Rights Act cha 1965, ndi Chikalata cha Fair Homs Act cha 1968 zonse zimasonyeza mmene ntchito ya malamulo ingagwiritsirire moyo m’malembo alamulo.

Kumvetsetsa kusintha kumeneku sikuli kokha kudziŵa mbiri. Kuli ponena za kuzindikira ziŵiya zalamulo zimene ziripo zopitirizira ntchito yomanga chitaganya cholungama ndi chosakondera. Mbadwo uliwonse uyenera kugamula zimene Chisinthiko cha 14 "chitetezero cholingana cha malamulo" chikufunikira panthaŵi yake. Pamene zosankha za Khoti Lapamwamba lamilandu zikupitirizabe kulinganiza tanthauzo la makonzedwe ameneŵa, ndi monga Nyumba za malamulo ndi boma kuika malamulo atsopano pansi pa ulamuliro wawo, ufulu wa anthu umakhalabe mbali yofunika kwambiri ya malamulo a munthu aliyense ndi kutsimikizira kuti lonjezo lakulingana limagwira ntchito kwa nzika zonse. Nkhondo yopitirizabe kaamba ka kuvota, chilungamo cha chuma, kulingana kwa mafuko, LBTQ, ndi ufulu wa anthu ndi kulephera kwawo kwa kutha mphamvu zalamulo zikufotokozedwa pano, sizikudalira pa mfundo yachilamulo, chifukwa chakuti zimadalira pa kudalirana kwa ufulu wake wa ufulu wa dziko lonse.