Chiyambi: Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga Inayamba

Nkhondo yachikale yasintha kwambiri mmene maboma amachitira ndi ntchito zauchigaŵenga. Zimene zinayamba monga njira yoyendera zasintha kukhala chida chachikulu cha United States ndi mitundu ina. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa galimoto zapandege zosagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi magulu ankhondo kwathandiza kwambiri zimene zimadalira pa kuyendetsa ndege kapena mphamvu za dziko zomwe sizingagwirizane. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kachitidweko kakuyambitsa mafunso aakulu okhudza ulamuliro, kuvulaza anthu wamba, ndi mphamvu yotha kupha anthu mmalo mwa kugonjetsa malingaliro awo. Kumvetsa bwino za ntchito ya drone wankhondo ̱ mbali zake zonse pankhondo yolimbana ndi KGBritism kumafuna kufufuza luso lake la za udokota, kulungamitsa, zoyenerera, ndi malamulo, ndi kuvulaza kwa makhalidwe abwino.

Kufotokoza Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe ndi Kusinthika Kwake

Nkhondo yamakono yamphamvu imatanthauza ma UAV 1 Predator ndi MQ-9 Reaker, amene amayendetsedwa kutali kuchokera ku malo oyang’anira kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri kuchokera ku nkhondo. Ndege zimenezi zimanyamula mitu ikuluikulu yowombana yonga mivi ya Moto wa Moto ndipo zikhoza kukhala zokhala tsonga pamalo ogwirirapo ntchito kwa nyengo yaitali, kusonkhanitsa nzeru zenizeni zisanakanthe. Kusintha kuchoka ku madansi oyendera zida kuti zikamenye mapulatifomu kunachitika kuma 2000 monga U.S. ndi Central Intelligent (CIA) kufunafuna njira zogwirira malo olalirapo Ault Qeda ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan popanda kuyendetsa magulu ankhondo aakulu.

Luso lazopangapanga lafalikira. Mayiko oposa 12 tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito zida zotchedwa drones, kuphatikizapo China, Turkey, Iran, ndi Israel. Dziko lililonse limasintha nkhondo kuti likhale malo ake otetezereka, nthaŵi zina kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangidwa m'dziko polimbana ndi otsatsa malonda osakhala a chigawo cha dziko. Kusintha kwa mwamsanga kwa luso la zopangapangapanga lamphamvu ̬ kuchokera ku mapulatifomu autali wanthaŵi yaitali kufika ku mapulatifomu aang'ono, okhoza kuyendayenda ndi kuzunguliranso [1]812; kupitirizabe kukonzanso malo ozungulira dziko lamphamvu la kutsutsana ndi kuukira kuukira kwa -RGB.

Mapindu a Majeremusi Olimbana ndi Uchigawenga

Kuukira ndi Kuwononga Komwe Kumachitika Pambuyo pa Kuchuluka kwa Mabanja

Ubwino wina wotchulidwa kwambiri wa kuphulika kwa ndege ndi wolondola. Onyamula zida angayendetse anthu kwa maola kapena masiku, kutsimikizira kuti chinthu chimene akufunacho chikudziŵidwa bwino asanatulutse magetsi. Kusiyana kumeneku ndi ndege zoulutsidwa ndi anthu, zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimadalira pa mawindo ongopita. Ochirikiza amanena kuti kuphulika kwa anthu wamba kumachepetsa anthu ophedwa poyerekezera ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2013 wochitidwa ndi New America Foundation anapeza kuti ndege yamakono inapha anthu wamba ochepa kwambiri pankhondo kuposa mmene anachitira Pakistan Pakistan #817; masewera a asilikali.

Komabe, kulondola kwenikweni kumene kumapanga kukongola kwa malo kumachititsanso kutsutsana: pamene anthu akuphako achitika, kuchitapo kanthu kwa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri kumakula chifukwa chakuti kuukirako kumaonedwa monga kuchita opaleshoni, mwadala, kapena mosasankha. [[FLT: 0] Malo a Human Rights Watch [1] [[FLT:] [] [FLT]] alemba zochitika zambiri zimene zimakantha nyumba za anthu wamba, galimoto, kapena maliro, kudzutsa mafunso akuti kaya nzeru yoyendetsa chigamulocho n’chodalirika kuti chilungamitse kachitidwe kakupha kameneka.

Kuchepetsa Upandu wa Asilikali

Madonewa amachotsa ngozi ya kuphulitsidwa ndi kugwidwa. Maiko amene amakhudzidwa ndi ovulazidwa, ichi chimapangitsa nkhondo yamphamvu ya ndale zadziko kukhala yotsika kuposa kutumiza mphamvu zapadera kapena ndege zokantha. Woyendetsayo amakhala pamalo otetezereka, kaŵirikaŵiri pa kontinenti ina, kulamulira ndege kudzera m'zigwirizanitsirane. Zimenezi zimachotsa kuwonongeka kwa maganizo ndi thupi kwa kuopsa kwa nkhondo yapanthaŵi yomweyo, ngakhale kuti kufufuza kumasonyeza oyendetsa ndege amtima amavutika ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwa maganizo kwa maganizo a oyendetsa ndege m'maseŵero, chifukwa cha kuchitira umboni chiwawa choonekera pa malo otetezera kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kulimbikira

Mosiyana ndi masetilaiti amene amadutsa pamwamba pawo pa malo oima kapena ndege zimene zimafuna kuima, ma drones angayendebe mumlengalenga kwa maola 24 (Wotuta MQ-9 amapirira kwambiri maola 27). Kulimbikira kumeneku kumathandiza ofufuza nzeru kuona mmene moyo ulili, kuyenda kwa njira, ndi kudikira kuti amenyane ndi zida. Polimbana ndi zida, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri kumagwira ntchito m’madera akutali, malo otsetsereka ndi kupeŵa njira zolankhulira zanthaŵi zonse, kukhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri kutsatira ziŵiya zapamwamba kudutsa malire.

Kuwononga Ndalama Poyerekezera ndi Zochita za Pamsonkhano

Kugwiritsa ntchito drone kuli kotsika kwambiri kuposa kutumiza ndege yankhondo yonyamula anthu kapena kutumiza asilikali a pa dziko. Ndalama za Woombola ndi pafupifupi $15 miliyoni, poyerekezera ndi $100 miliyoni ya F-35. Ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaŵi imodzi ndizo ndalama zokwana madola 3,500 pa ndege ya B-2 yophulika. Maiko opanga mabomba kapena amene amachita mpikisano wautali kuchokera kumudzi, drons amapereka njira yokhoza kuchirikiza mphamvu ya F-35. Komabe, ndalama zimenezi ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi mtengo wosamalira gulu la testellite, masiteshoni apadziko lapansi, ndi luntha zimene zikufunika kuti zipange kuphulitsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe

Kusokonezeka kwa Malamulo ndi Ulamuliro

Kumenyana kwa malamulo kumachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri m'maiko kumene boma lankhondo silinamenyedwe mwalamulo. Mwachitsanzo, United States, yachita zigaŵenga zikwi zambiri ku Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, ndi Libya, kaŵirikaŵiri popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu onse a maboma amenewo. Zilungamo zalamulo zimadalira pa kudziona kukhala ndi malamulo a dziko lonse kapena pa mfundo yakuti boma logamulidwalo silitha kapena silikufuna kuletsa kuukira boma losakhala la boma m’dzikolo. Otsutsa, kuphatikizapo akatswiri ambiri a zamalamulo a padziko lonse ndi Kupha kwapadera kwa bungwe la Rapporteult [FLT2:2], kutsutsa kuti liwononga ulamuliro wa dziko ndi kuphana kwa anthu ena.

Obama anakhazikitsa lamulo la kugwiritsira ntchito “ si si sigit cap ̵ & #812; anthu oukira pa njira zokayikitsa za khalidwe mmalo mwa kutsimikizira. Zigaŵenga zimenezi zasulizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchotsa anthu ankhondo ndi asilikali. Maulamuliro a Trump anamasula ziletso zowonjezereka, kukulitsa madera opitirira madera a nkhondo. Oyang'anira a Biden afuna kuyambitsanso miyambo imeneyi koma akupitirizabe kudalira pa drone monga chida cholimbana ndi upandu, makamaka ku Afghanistan chitatha 2021 kubwerera m'dziko ndi ku Somalia.

Kusakaza kwa Anthu ndi Kutsutsana kwa Zigwirizano za Chigwirizano

Kuyerekezera imfa za anthu wamba pa kuphulika kwa opaleshoni kumasiyana kwambiri. Bureau of Investigative Journalism ikusimba kuti pakati pa 2004 ndi 2020, kuphulika kwa United States ku Pakistan kunapha anthu 2,500 ndi 4,000, kuphatikizapo anthu wamba 1,000. Ku Yemen, ziŵerengerozo zimapikisananso. Boma la U.S. kaŵirikaŵiri lanena kuti anthu osamenya nkhondo ndi ophedwa ndi anthu ochepa, koma chifukwa cha kufufuza kwaumwini kuti atulukire imfa zambiri zosagwirizana ndi gulu la U.

Kuopsa kwake kumaposa imfa zapanthaŵi yomweyo. Ofufuza alemba kupsinjika maganizo kwa maganizo m'midzi imene imakhala pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa nthaŵi zonse, ndi ana akusonyeza zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo kwapambuyo pa nyumbu. Kumangolira kwa manyumu ang'onong'onoang'ono kungayambitse nkhaŵa, kukwiya, ndi mkwiyo zimene magulu ankhondo amagwiritsira ntchito kufunsira. Pamene kuukira kwa nyukiliya kumapha munthu wopanda liwongo — kapena kumalingaliridwa kuchita zimenezo ndi #812; kungakupangitsa kuti kuvutitsa maganizo kwambiri.

Kudalira Nzeru ndi Vuto la Nkhani Zoipa

Kumenyana ndi majeremusi kuli bwino kwambiri ngati luntha limene limawatsogolera. Luntha la anthu kuchokera kwa anthu odziŵitsa malowo kaŵirikaŵiri nlosadalirika, likupotozedwa ndi majeremusi a anthu, kupikisana kwa mafuko, kapena kusocheretsedwa. Nzeru za Sayntal (zogwirizana ndi kulankhulana) zingakodwe kapena kutsogolera ku kulakwika kwa malo. Kuukira kwatsoka kwa 2015 kwa Madokotala Opanda Bouls chipatala ku Kunduz, Afghanistan, kunali chotulukapo cha kuphatikizana kwa luntha ndi zolakwa mu tcheni , ngakhale kuti kuukirako kunali kochokera ku ACC- 130, osati ku friyone. Komabe, lamulo lamakhalidwe ankhondo lolakwikalo limagwira ntchito: nkhondo yopanda chisokosokosoko ku nkhondo.

Kufufuza za Matenda a Uchigaŵenga wa M’thupi

United States ku Pakistan ndi Yemen

Mkupiti wa Pakistan ’ Federally Addiced Tribal Aquares (FATA) kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2018 inali yaikulu kwambiri m'mbiri. Inayang'anira al-Qaeda , Taliban , ndipo pambuyo pake bungwe la Haqqani . Mkupitiwu unapambana kupha atsogoleri aakulu monga al-Qaeda 2 Abu Yahya al-LBI mu 2012 ndi Taliban Hakmlah Mehud mu 2013. Komabe, inaphanso anthu wamba ndi ovutika ndi U. Phakis. Ku Yemen, drone akumenyana ndi gulu la Al-APN (AP) mu APUPN; APUP, ngakhale ndi kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nkhondo kwa anthu ambiri, ndi kufalikira kwa chipani cha chipani cha AF.

Turkey ’ Kugwiritsira Ntchito Ma Drone ku Syria ndi Iraq

Turkey watuluka monga wotsogolera wa drones za zida, makamaka popereka chichirikizo champhamvu kwa magulu ankhondo a ku Kurdistan a Suriya ’ Party (PK) ndi People & #817; S Protection Unit Units (YPG) kumpoto kwa Suriya ndi Iraq. Turkia drones, monga Bayraktar TB2, adapatsidwa mlandu wa kupereka thandizo lamphamvu ku Turkey ndi kumbuyo kwa magulu ankhondo a Suriya ndipo ndi kuukirana kwa PK zikole zakuya mkati mwa Iraq. Turkey ̱ drone ndi kupangidwa kwake ndi magulu apadera ndi a zamphamvu. Chotulukapo chake nchosanja. Chotsatira chachikulu ncho nchokasanganizidwa: pamene kuli kwakuti drones zachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa asilikali ankhondo a Turkey, kuukiranso kuukira kwa boma la Iraq ndi ku madera akumidzi.

Ethiopia ndi Kugwiritsiridwa Ntchito kwa Ma Drine m’Mafunzi a M’kati mwa Dziko

Pankhondo ya Tirray (2020 - 2022), Ethiopia anagula zida zankhondo kuchokera ku Turkey, Iran, ndi China, akumagwiritsira ntchito izo kwambiri molimbana ndi magulu ankhondo a Tirrayan . Ma drone anatheketsa boma la Ethiopia kuukira mizere yopereka ndi kutumiza nkhondo, kusintha nkhondo. Komabe, malipoti a mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu amasonyeza kuti nkhondo za anthu zinasakaza anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo msika wa ku Togoga umene unapha anthu ambiri. Nkhani ya ku Ethiopia imasonyeza mmene luso la zopangapangapanga zinthu zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito osati ndi zigawenga zokha, koma m'nkhondo zapakati pa mafuko, zikusokoneza malire pakati pa chipani ndi chipani cholimbana ndi chipani.

Nkhani za Malamulo ndi Zauchikulire

Anafuna Kupha Anthu Ndipo Lamulo la Padziko Lonse

Pansi pa malamulo a nkhondo, omenyana angalakidwe panthaŵi iliyonse, koma kuikidwa kwa munthu monga womenya nkhondo kumafuna umboni woonekeratu wa kukhala ndi phande m'nkhondo. Kwa zigaŵenga zimene sizimavala yunifolosi ndi zimene zimamenyedwa ndi anthu wamba, layini imeneyi si yooneka bwino. U.S. yanena kuti ziwalo za al-Qaeda ndi mphamvu zake zogwirizana ndizo zigawenga zololeza zozikidwa pa Chilolezo cha Kugwiritsira Ntchito Gulu la Nkhondo (AMF) zoperekedwa ndi Congresstion (AMF) zotsutsana ndi Congresspost shorts kuti AUMF siirle kuvomereza kupha anthu padziko lonse kofotokozedwa bwino, ndi kuti aliyense womenya nkhondo kunja kwa nkhondo ayenera kuweruzidwa pa zoyenera zake za dziko lonse, zimene zimaletsa kupha kwa anthu.

Lingaliro la chiwopsezo chokulira limatsutsidwanso. Boma la U.S. nthaŵi zina limamasulira mokulira kwambiri anthu amene akukonzekera kuukira kwa mtsogolo, ngakhale ngati tsopano sali odziloŵetsa m'nkhondo. Kumasulira kwakukulu kumeneku kumatsegula khomo ku ziwopsezo zimene zimafanana ndi kupha munthu kuposa kudzipha.

Kusiyana kwa Kuona Bwino ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Nkhondo yachikale imachitidwa mwachinsinsi. Boma la United States silimavomereza kuukira kwachindunji, osatchulapo umboni wa chifukwa chimene munthu wina anapangidwira. Kusoŵa kwa kuonekera kwa pulogalamu kumapangitsa kuti kusanthula kolondola kukhale kosatheka kwa anthu, zoulutsira nkhani, kapena makhoti kusanthula zenizeni. Mu 2020, munthu wa ku United States womenya Kabul adapha Kabul adapha wokayikiridwa kuti ndi kakonzedwe ka K, koma miyezi ina pambuyo pake, New York Times kufufuza kuti choimbidwacho chingakhale chantchito yachithandizo chapamwamba koposa mmalo mwa kulinganiza. Gulu lankhondolo linavomereza kupha anthu wamba, koma pambuyo pa chisonkhezero cha wailesi ya nyuzipepala.

Mayiko ena, monga United Kingdom, ali ndi njira zoonekera kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito madolo onyamula zida, zofunikira chilolezo cha utumiki pa chionetsero chilichonse ndi kupereka ndemanga zapoyera.

Zomwe Zidzachitike M’nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

Maluwa Odzilamulira ndi Luso Lopanga

Malo otsatira ndi kudzilamulira. Ma Drone angadziŵe mitchero popanda kuloŵerera kwa anthu, yodziŵika monga yomasinthasintha kapena “ maroboti ophera zinthu, ” ayamba kale kupangidwa. United States akuchirikiza ndalama za A. Kulimbana ndi Aircraft Aircraft ” Programme, imene ingakhale ndi madongosolo oletsa ndi osagwirizana. M'madongosolo oletsa, ma dronote, zida zokhala ndi zokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuposa oyendetsa anthu. Koma kutsutsa malamulo amakhalidwe ndi zoyenera za anthu kuli kolimba. Mayiko ambiri amachirikiza chiletso cha zida za ufulu chimene chilibe choyang'anira anthu. Kuopsa kwa malamulo, ma shatoofti, ndi kusagwirizana kwa zigawa.

Njira Zopinga ndi Zotsatirapo Zake

Pamene nkhondo yachisilamu ifalikira, ndi mlingo wolimbana. Magulu a uchigaŵenga ndi adani a boma akuika zida zankhondo zamagetsi kuti atsekereze zizindikiro za drone, GPS poofing, ndipo ngakhale laser kuti aulule ma drono. Boma la Islam linagwiritsira ntchito magulone kuyang'anira ndi zida zopanda mphamvu. Poyankha, magulu ankhondo anapanga zida zotsogolera monga U.S. Navy ̱ HELY . . . . . . . . . .chipa ndi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kusintha kwa M’nyumba ndi Padziko Lonse

Malamulo a bungwe la International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) athandiza mayiko kufotokoza malamulo a drone panja la nkhondo yoopsa. U.N. wakhazikitsa pangano la zida zakupha. Komabe, maboma aakulu monga U.S., China, ndi Russia amakana malire okhazikika. Kufikira pamene padzabwera, kugwiritsira ntchito drone m'nkhondo yolimbana ndi upandu kudzapitirizabe kulamulidwa ndi malamulo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutsogolera ku kugawikana ndi kusinthasintha.

Kumaliza: Lupanga Lokhomedwa Kaŵiri la Kupha

Nkhondo yachisawawa imapereka mapindu osatsutsika m'kulimbana ndi uchigaŵenga: kuchepetsa upandu ku chigawo chimodzi cha ’ mphamvu zake zokha, kuyang'anira kosalekeza, ndi kukhoza kuukira mofulumira ndi molondola. Komabe mapindu amenewo amabwera ndi mtengo waukulu. Chiŵerengero cha anthu a boma, kuwonongeka kwa malamulo, kusokonezeka kwa maganizo a anthu oyambukiridwa, ndi kuthekera kwa kuphulitsa kumene kumawonjezera uchigaŵenga kumachititsa zonse kukhala zovuta kuyendetsa ntchito. Njira yolimbana ndi upandu iyenera kulumikizira monga mbali ya ndale yaikulu ya ndale, ya zachuma, ndi njira zaumboni. Techology yokha siipambana nkhondo ya anthu okhudzidwa ndi kulephera kulamulira m'matenda. Mayi amene amagwiritsa ntchito dron ayeneranso kuwonjezera kuonekera, kuŵerengera mlandu, ndi njira zina zoletsa mikhalidwe imene iyenera kuchititsa kuti ziyendetsere.

Tsogolo la nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga lidzadalira pa mmene maboma adzalinganizirira zinthu zopikisana zimenezi. Adzafuna kudzilamulira ndi kukulitsa zinthu, kapena adzadzilamulira okha kudzera m'malamulo apadziko lonse ndi kuyang'anira demokalase? Yankho la mafunso silidzangokhudza mmene maboma akumenyera adani omwe si adziko, komanso mmene dziko limaonera kuti zochita zawo n’zoyenera. Chida cha dala ndi chida, osati chiphunzitso.