Kupenda Mbali ya Mabungwe m’Kuyang’anira Boma

Chichirikizo chowonjezereka chimachokera ku Malamulo ndi Seant Claus (Chigawo I, Chigawo 8, Classia 18), chimene chimavomereza Congress “kupanga Malamulo onse amene afunikira ndi oyenera” popereka maulamuliro ake ndi a boma. Kuphatikizapo ulamuliro pansi pa Impeate Calasse, mphamvu ya Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Mapangano ndi kuvomerezana pa mapangano, ndi kuikidwa, ndi chofunika cha Boma la pachaka la kadiresi ya Union, malamulo akupanga maziko amphamvu a uyang'aniro. Pazaka mazana aŵiri, Nyumba yamanga komiti yoimirira, kuphatikizapo makomiti a ku yunivesite, ndi kuchirikiza mabungwe a ulamuliro ameneŵa. Kuthirira mozama m'malamulo, Congration Service Acrection pa kuyang'anira koyang'anira koyang'anira koyang'anira kolemekezeka.

Makina ndi Zida Zoyang’anira Nyumba za Malamulo

Zida zooneka kwambiri ndizo kufunsa milandu ndi kufufuza koyenera, koma makina oyang’anira saphatikizapo njira zina zofunika kwambiri monga kuulutsa nkhani, kutsimikizira kuti anthu amvana, ndi malipoti ochokera ku mabungwe oyang’anira.

Kumva ndi Kufufuza

Makomiti a Congress amachititsa kuti anthu aimbidwe mlandu pofunsa mboni . Kuphatikizapo alembi a Kabinabit, akuluakulu a bungwe, akuluakulu a ntchito, ndi anthu wamba. Kumvetsera kungakhale kodziŵitsa za anthu, kolinganizidwa kudziŵitsa malamulo amtsogolo, kapena kungakhale kokhudza akuluakulu oimba mlandu wa khalidwe loipa. Kufufuza kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa mapepala a zikalata ndi umboni, kuchititsa malipoti, ndi kukonza malipoti omalizira ndi zoyamikira. Mphamvu ya kuchepetsa kuweruza kwa dala, popanda zimenezo, Nyumba za akulu a boma zingadalire pa zimene zingatsutse. Pamene nthambi yapamwamba ya Pena inyoze, bungwe la anthu lingafune kuweruza kapena kuchititsa anthu ena kunyoza, ndipo mphamvu zimene zayesedwa mobwerezabwereza m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.

Mphamvu ya Chogulacho

Kulamulira kwa Congress pa zowonongedwa za boma ndi chimodzi cha ziwiya zake zauyang'aniro zowopsa. Chaka chilichonse, Nyumba ndi Nyumba Yopereka Makomiti a Zopereka Zoyendetsa katundu zimene zimasunga ndalama za bungwe lililonse ndi programu. Mwa njira ya kukambirana, Nyumba ingapereke ndalama pa masinthidwe, ndalama zothandizira ntchito zosayenera, kapena kungochotsa ntchito za bungwe. Ofesi ya Boma ya Accounting Office (GAO), dzanja lofufuza la Congress, imapereka kupenda ndi kupenda kwatsatanetsatane kwa mmene mabungwe amawonongera ndalama zopereka msonkho, kufukula zinya, kutaya zinthu zowonongeka, kunyenga, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito.

Kutsimikizira ndi Malo Operekedwanso

Kutsimikizira kwa nyumba ya malamulo ya pulezidenti . Kuphatikizapo mamembala a bungwe la Kabinabi, oweruza, ndi mabungwe odziimira okha, kumapatsa mphamvu yoyang’anira. Pakutsimikizira mayeso, oimira boma amafufuza zochita za m'mbuyo, malingaliro a kayendetsedwe ka malamulo, ndi miyezo ya makhalidwe. Mofananamo, Nyumba ya Malamulo iyenera kutsimikizira akuluakulu a nthambi ambiri, kuipatsa ntchito yeniyeni potsutsa utsogoleri wa mabungwe amene akuyang’anira. Mphamvu ya mabungwe a ufulu ndi kutha kukana kapena kuchedwa kuletsa makampani a boma ingasonkhetse khalidwe la boma kwa nthaŵi yaitali pambuyo poti atsimikizike.

Chirikizani Mabungwe ndi Malipoti

Congress imadaliranso mabungwe apadera kuti atsogolere mopitirizabe. Boma limapereka malipoti zikwi zambiri pachaka pa nkhani zochokera kuteteza munthu mpaka kusamala zaumoyo. Congregational Ballet Office (CBO) imapereka malongosoledwe a zachuma ndi a bajeti, pamene bungwe la Congregational Research Service (CRS) limapereka chinsinsi, osafufuza maakaunti a maontial Office kwa mamembala onse. Oyang'anira oyang'anira ntchito za kuonekera kwa makampani a nthambi amatumikira monga alonda apansi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri bungwe la Congresssion limadalira pa IG kuyambitsa mayeso. Kuwonjezera apo, bungwe la Congress likufuna kupereka malipotime ndi kulongosola kwa nthaŵi zonse. Malamulowawa amathandiza kuti anthu onse aziona kuonekera kwa zinthu m’manja aumboni kuchitika.

Congressional Research Service ya tsatanetsatane wa zida zoyang’anira imapereka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, powona kuti kuphatikizana kwa makutu, kufufuza, kufunsa, zitsimikizo, ndi mabungwe ochirikiza kuyambitsa "kudziŵerengera mlandu" kumene kumakhudza mbali iriyonse ya nthambi ya akuluakulu.

Kufunika Koyang’anira

Uyang’aniro wabwino umathandiza pa zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri zimene sizimangochita zinthu zoipa, koma zimawonjezera mphamvu ya demokalase yodziŵerengera mlandu, zimawonjezera kuonekera kwa munthu, zimawongolera njira zoyendetsera zinthu, ndipo potsirizira pake zimalimbitsa chidaliro cha anthu mwa boma.

Kuŵerengera ndi Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Pamaziko ake, uyang'aniro umapatsa akuluakulu a boma mlandu wa zochita zawo. Pamene mabungwe apitirira ulamuliro wawo wogwirizana ndi malamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo molakwika, kapena kuswa lamulo, Congress ili ndi mphamvu ndi ntchito yoloŵerera. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwachititsa kutaya, kusintha malamulo, ndipo ngakhale kutsutsana. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri, kuŵerengera mlandu kumagwira ntchito modzifunira: kuthekera kwa kuweruza kapena kupenda kungaletse kusamvera ndi kulimbikitsa kugonjera kosasamala.

Kukambitsirana Mowonekera ndi Modziŵitsidwa

Kuyang’anira kumabweretsa madongosolo a boma poyera. Nthaŵi zambiri makomiti aweruza amaikidwa pa Intaneti, malipoti amaperekedwa, ndipo umboni wopezeka pa kufufuza ukhoza kupezeka m'mbiri. Kuonekera kumeneku kumathandiza nzika, atolankhani, ndi magulu a anthu audindo kuona zimene boma lawo likuchita. Anthu opangidwa bwino amatha kuchititsa kuti msonkhano wa Mabungwe ndi Pulezidenti adziwire mlandu pa nthawi ya masankhoti. Popanda kuyang'anira, zochita zambiri za boma zikanakhala zobisika m’mbuyo mwa ufulu wa dziko kapena waudindo lapamwamba, kufooketsa ntchito ya democracy.

Kuwongolera Kachitidwe ndi Kukhoza

Kulamulira sikumangothandiza; kukhozanso kukhala kothandiza. Mwa kupenda maprogramu amene amagwira ntchito ndi amene amalephera, Nyumba ya Malamulo ingawongolere malamulo, malamulo achikale, ndi kutumizanso zinthu zothandizira ku zothetsera zogwira mtima. MagaO ndi CBO ali ndi mayeso ambiri ovomereza ntchito zowongolera ndi kusunga ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira Dipatimenti ya Veterans Affairs Affairs potsatira kuyembekezera kwa nthaŵi yoyembekezera zolakwika zimene zakhala zoyenerera, zimene zimawonjezera njira zothandizira odziŵa za chitetezo ofunikira chisamaliro. Mofananamo, kumvetsera za Social Security Advity kusonkhezera kuchirikiza ndi zoyesayesa zamakono. Mwa njirayi, uyang'anira umatumikira monga kuvomereza, kukonza kwa nthaŵi kwa nthaŵi, kochitidwa ndi kuchiritsa kwa boma.

Kupewa Kuchitira Ana Nkhanza Ndiponso Chinyengo

Kuyang'anira kokhwima kumathandiza kuti anthu asamaone ngati bungwelo likugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zina. Kudziwa kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ingafufuze kusakasaka, kukakamiza anthu kuti apereke umboni kuletsa akuluakulu kutsata malamulo a makhalidwe abwino. Kukhoza kuonetsa anthu ena kumachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto andale. Ntchito yoteteza anthu imathandiza kwambiri m'nyengo ya makampani amene zikhoza kukhudza anthu ambiri popanda kufufuza mwachindunji. Kuyang'anira zinthu kumathandiza kuti apewe kaganidwe ka gulu, ubongo, ndiponso kuchita zoipa mwadala, kaya kayendetsedwe ka nzeru, kakhalidwe ka munthuwekha, kapena kachipembedzo.

Mavuto Amene Amabwera Chifukwa Choyang’anira Nyumba za Ufumu

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma ndi ziŵiya zake zoyendetsera ntchito, uyang’aniro wa bungwelo ukuyang’anizana ndi zopinga zosatha zimene zingafooketse kugwira ntchito kwake.

Ndale Zapambali ndi Kusokonezeka kwa Mabungwe

Mwinamwake vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndilo kuchuluka kwa magaŵano a gulu mu Congress. Nthawi zambiri kuyang'anira kumafuna kugwirizana ndi bipartisan . Kufunitsitsa kufufuza za kayendetsedwe ka chipani chilichonse . Koma m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, uyang’aniro wayamba kuwonjezereka. Makomiti aakulu achigawo amayambitsa kufufuza kokhudza kuvulaza kagulu ka ka ka kagulu kochepa ka pulezidenti, pamene mamembala a kagulu kakang’ono kanu amagwiritsa ntchito uyang'aniro wandale. Zotsatira zake zingakhale kuyang'anira “aniro” amene amayang'anira nkhani zandale m’malo a kuŵerengeradi. Ndiponso, pamene gulu lilamulira onse aŵiriwo ndi Nyumba ya White, ambiri angakane kuyang'anira bwino kwa pulezi wake, kutsogolera kuchititsa anthu oŵerengetsa mlandu.

Bungwe la Congregational Research Service lanena kuti pangano la kuyang’anira mabupartisha lachepa kwambiri. Popanda kugamula limodzi za uyang’aniro wa bungwe, Nyumba ya Malamulo ingathe kufooketsedwa, kusafuna kuuzidwa kapena kutsutsa zochita za akuluakulu a boma, ngakhale pamene zochita zimenezo zikudzutsa nkhaŵa zazikulu za lamulo kapena za makhalidwe abwino.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Vuto lachiwiri ndilo kusakhazikika kwa udindo wa Nyumba ya Ufumu ndi ndalama zimene imawapatsa. Ogwira ntchito m’komitiyi achepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa nthambi ya akuluakulu, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu oyang’anira chatsika m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Nthambi ya GO, ngakhale kuti ikuthandiza kwambiri, yaona ndalama zambiri zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito popanga zinthu. Ofufuza a m’makomiti ochepa chabe satha kuyerekezera ndi ntchito imeneyi. Ndiponso, kuchuluka kwa antchito a kanthawi ndi mapangano a nthambi yaikulu, kukusokoneza ntchito za nthambi.

Anthu ambiri amene kale anali opanga malamulo ndi antchito apempha kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ziwonjezeredwe kuti ayang’anire.

Kutsutsa ndi Kubisa

Nthambi yaikulu yapanga njira zambiri zotsutsira uyang'aniro. Akuluakulu a boma angakane kuyang'anira apolisi, angaone kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu pa zikalata ndi umboni, kapena kuchedwa kuyankha kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti makhoti achirikiza mphamvu za Congress za kufufuza, njira yachiweruzo siichedwa, ndipo mkulu wa boma wodalirika angaletse kuyang'anira uyang'aniro wa boma. Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a Trump amakana kugonjera ku kafukufuku wambiri, kuchititsa kunyozedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochititsa kunyodola. Mofananamo, bungwe la Biden lakhala ndi milandu yokhudza kutetezeka m'malire ndi miliri ya m'liri. Pamene nthambi iyang'anira ntchito yaudindo m’malo mwalamulo, mabungwe a bungwe la bungwe la bungwe la bungwe la Congressslo likuipsa mlandu.

Komanso, chidziŵitso cha gulu chimakhala chopinga. Malamulo ambiri ovuta kwambiri . . . . kukambirana za mapangano, kutetezedwa kuti asaululidwe ndi anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti Congress ikhoza kugawidwa machidule ndi malo otetezeka, ena akudandaula kuti akungopatsidwa “mfundo zolankhula” popanda kupezeka mokwanira pa zikalata zobisika, kapena kuti mapepala achidule akuchepetsedwa.

Chidziŵitso ndi Kufufuza

Mabungwe a nthambi akuluakulu ali ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu cha bungwe, ukatswiri wa zopangapanga, ndi luso la kupereka chidziŵitso chovuta m’njira zimene zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira zawo. Nyumba za akulu zikhoza kusoŵa chidziŵitso chakuya cha makampani ofunsa mafunso onse. Mwachitsanzo, popenda Dipatimenti ya Desert, mamembala a Congress kaŵirikaŵiri ayenera kudalira pa chidziŵitso chotsutsana kuchokera ku Pentagon ndi akatswiri ena. Makampani angathenso “kuchedwa" kuyankha zikalata, kukwiriri Nyumba ya Malamulo m'chidziŵitso chosathandiza, kapena kupereka malongosoledwe otsimikizira kwambiri. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, chidziŵitso chimenechi chingachotse mphamvu ya Congresssions kutsimikizira ntchito ya bungwelo.

Kuyang’anira Magulu Oyang’anira Nyumba za Malamulo

Mbiri imapereka zitsanzo zamphamvu za mmene uyang'aniro wa msonkhano ungabwezeretsere uyang'aniro ndi kubwezeretsa chidaliro cha anthu. Ziŵiri za zochitika zambiri zowoneka ndi chithunzithunzi . "manyazi a Watergate ndi Iran-Contra .] Zimasonyeza ponse paŵiri kuthekera ndi kulephera kwa mphamvu ya kufufuza.

Chophimba Chamadzi

Mu 1972, kuswa kwake pa likulu la Democratic National Committee ku Watergate kunayambitsa ndandanda ya zochitika zimene zinathera mu Pulezidenti Richard Nixon atasiya ntchito. Zochititsa zake zinali Nyumba ya Malamulo Yosankha Komiti ya Pulezidential Campaical Actical Committee , yodziŵika monga Komiti ya Watergate , ndi mbiri yake yochititsa chidwi yoikidwa ndi Senator Ervin Komiti ya Democratic . Komitiyo inavumbula milandu yotchuka ya dziko, ikumapereka umboni wowonekera wa ulaliki wa ndale, ndalama zomangira, la launderinging, ndi chotetezera choikizira cha dongosolo kuchokera ku Oval Office. Kufufuza mosamalitsa ndi kulimba kwa mboni monga uphungu wa Nyumba ya Nyumba ya Authone Dean, komiti inavumbula nkhanza zimene zinatsogolera ku mayeso 69, zikalata zambiri, ndi Nixon mu August 1974. Magever of Dectivement of Divition, chikalata cha Bovertivement ku Act, chivotion, chikalata cha Bomagement, ndi

Mzinda wa Iran-Contra Affir

Pakati pa 1910, ntchito yachinsinsi mkati mwa boma la Reagan inaloŵetsamo kugulitsa zida ku Iran . Pamene nkhaniyo inagaŵiridwa ndi boma lauchigaŵenga [1] Kusinthana kaamba ka kuthandiza kumasula anthu a ku Amereka ogwidwa mu Lebanon , ndiyeno kupatukira kuchirikiza oukira a Contra ku Nicaragua kuswa mwachindunji chiletso cha bungwe loletsa kukhazikitsa. Pamene Congress inayambitsa kufufuza kwa nyumba ndi Sanete komwe kunavumbula machitidwe obisika ochitidwa ndi bungwe la National Security Council ndi CIA. Mayenso, mayeso, oletsedwa mu 1987, anasonyeza mmene nthambi yaikulu inazembera malamulo a Boland Congresstion ndi kusokoneza ntchito zake za boma. Pamene kuyang'anira boma kunagwetsedwa kwa boma, kuyang'anira ntchito zanzeru zoyendetsera ntchito za National Congresscialss.

Uyang’aniro wa Nthaŵi Yathu Ino: Ntchito 9 / 11

Posachedwapa, National Commission on Terrist Attacks on the United States (9/11 Commission) . Ngakhale kuti ndi ntchito yodziimira yopangidwa ndi malamulo ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo [1] imapereka uyang'aniro wogwira mtima wa anthu anzeru. Kufufuza kwake kopartisha kunavumbula kulephera kwa kulankhulana pakati pa FBI ndi KHIA ndi kuchititsa kusintha kwakukulu: kupangidwa kwa Ofesi ya Bungwe la National Intelligence, kukhazikitsidwa kwa National Countercissic Center, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha ndege. Bungwe la akulu la bungweli linagwiritsa ntchito zikalata zolangiza kuti likwanitse ntchito njira za Intelligent Reformation ndi Krectorial Active ya 2004, lamulo lalikulu la ukayang'anira ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito yoyendera ufulu wa 2004.

Nkhani za M’tsogolo Poyang’anira Nyumba za Malamulo

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zikuchitika masiku ano n’zovuta kwambiri kwa mabungwe a boma pofuna kukwaniritsa udindo wawo.

Kuyang’anira Luso la Zaluso ndi Zaluso

Kusintha kwaluso kwa mwamsanga kwa maluso opanga zinthu ndi makompyuta . Kuimira malire atsopano a kuyang'anira. Nyumba za malamulo tsopano ziyenera kulimbana ndi mafunso okhudza zachinsinsi cha makompyuta, kuyang’anira, kuyang’anira, ndi ntchito ya makampani akuluakulu a luso pokonza nkhani zapoyera. Kuchuluka kwa chidziŵitso chochitidwa ndi boma ndi anthu a m'gulu lapadera kukhoza kugonjetsa njira zofufuzira zamwambo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chidziŵitso chapamwamba cha zinthu zachinsinsi ndi kulengedwa kwa makampani auyang'anira monga Dio’s Technology, Science, ndi Analytics Committee zikuyambitsabe luso latsopano. Nyumba za boma zikukulitsabe luso la kuyang'anira nkhani zonga kuyang'anira nkhope, CHOVAD-19, kujambula, ndi kukhazikitsa kwa Pentagon Auckie Comment.

Chidziŵitso Choikidwa m’Magulu ndi Chitetezo cha Dziko

Pambuyo pa nyengo ya 9 / 11, mlingo waukulu wa ntchito zachitetezo za dziko waikidwa m'magulu. Pamene kuli kwakuti Nyumba ya Malamulo yapanga makomiti a luntha m'zipinda zonse ziŵiri, makomiti ameneŵa amagwira ntchito kwambiri mwachinsinsi. Ochirikiza a Translativity akutsutsa kuti dongosolo la kugaŵidwa kwa zinthu lagwiritsidwa ntchito mopambanitsa kutetezera kuti asaone. Kulinganiza pakati pa chisungiko ndi kuŵerengera kukukhalabe vuto. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa gulu lankhondo popanda chilolezo cha boma, kuphulitsa, ndi ntchito za pa Intaneti ndi madera onse kumene oyang'anira kaŵirikaŵiri amachitikira kumbuyo kwa zitseko, kuchepetsa mkangano wapo anthu. Akatswiri ena akuganiza kuti Nyumba za Malamulo ayenera kulimbitsa mphamvu yake ya kuyang'anira bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa Bomaunda ya Ofesiti.

Kuwonjezereka kwa Kagulu ka Opaleshoni ndi “Kulandira Uyang’aniro”

Monga tanenera kale, kugwiritsa ntchito uyang'aniro kwakula. Kufufuza m'mafilimu a 2012 a Benghazi, kuukira kwa Trump-Ukraine, ndi chipwirikiti cha January 6 Capitol zonse zinagwiritsidwa mwala. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zakuti uyang'anira amasiya kudalirika kwake ndipo amaonedwa ngati chida chothandiza. Pamene anthu aona kufufuza ngati mtundu wina wa nkhondo yandale, kungathetse kudalirana. Kuchotsa mlingo wa bipartistanism projectisism [1] Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuyendayenda kwa antchito a komiti kapena a zipartisan angathandizire kusintha khalidweli.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Mabungwe

Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Nyumba zili ndi antchito a komiti zofanana ndi zimene ankachita m'ma 1970, monga momwe boma la boma lakhala likupitira kuŵirikiza kukula ndi kucholoŵana. Umisiri, kusanthula tsatanetsatane wa zinthu, ndi madokotala apamwamba amafunika koma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maprotaal akupanga Ofesi ya Congregation Oversty, yofanana ndi CBO, yakhala itayandama koma sinapangidwe. Kulimbitsa GAO ndi Alonda a Sayansi a Sayansi a Madokotala adakali imodzi ya njira zokhoza kuwongolera popanda antchito atsopano.

Tsogolo la Kuyang’anira Mabungwe

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, kupambana kwa uyang’aniro kudzadalira pa kufunitsitsa kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo kusintha, kuika ndalama, ndi kulinganiza ulamuliro wake.

Choyamba, bungwe la Congress liyenera kulimbikitsa mabungwe ochirikiza monga GO, CBO, ndi CRS mwa kuwonjezera bajeti yawo ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene amayendera.

Chachiwiri, makomiti ayenera kukonza njira zawo kuti agwiritse ntchito mfundo zogwirizana ndi zimene zili m’makompyuta komanso zolemba za manambala.

Chachitatu, zipinda zonse ziŵiri ziyenera kulimbikitsa njira zosungitsira lamulo. pakali pano, Nyumba ya Malamulo iyenera kudalira makhoti kapena mphamvu yake yonyoza, imene ingakhale yochedwa kapena yosagwira ntchito.

Opanga malamulo ayenera kuvomerezanso lamulo lakuti uyang’aniro uli thayo la kuyang’anira. Anthu ndi makomiti a mbali zonse ziŵiri ayenera kuona uyang’aniro monga thayo loyenera kuchitidwa ku bungwelo ndi anthu onse . / Osati kokha pa zikondwerero zawo za ndale zadziko. Kutumiza kufufuza pamodzi, kukufuna kuti antchito ochepa akhale ndi kuthekera kofanana kwa umboni, ndi kuvomereza malamulo olongosola zolinga zowonekera bwino zofufuzira kungathandize zonse kubwezeretsa kudalirika.