Kufunika Kowonjezereka kwa Maulamuliro a Malo m’Zakudya

Malamulo a kumaloko amadziŵika kukhala ziwiya zamphamvu zopangira chakudya ndi kupititsa patsogolo matauni. Pamene kuli kwakuti madongosolo a dziko ndi a maiko akhazikitsa zitsogozo zazikulu, ndi mlingo wa chigawo cha boma ndiwo amene amapanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Malamulo ambiri opanga chakudya, amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo, amapanga malamulo, ndi zisonkhezero za msonkho za kumaloko zonsezo zili ndi ziyambukiro zachindunji pa mmene chakudya chimakulitsidwira, kugawidwa, kugawidwa, ndi kudyedwa. M’mizinda kuzungulira dziko lonse, maboma akuyesa ndi njira zimene cholinga chake cha kupanga madongosolo a chakudya, kusungika, ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu. Kuzindikira malamulo ameneŵa nkofunika kwa olinganiza anthu, opanga malamulo, opanga malamulo, ndi nzika zimene zikufuna kupititsa patsogolo thanzi, anthu aumoyo wawo.

Lamulo la chakudya m'madera a m'deralo limakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Limakhudza kupezeka kwa zinthu zatsopano m'madera osoŵa, kuchuluka kwa misika ya alimi yaing'ono, chipambano cha ntchito zaulimi, ndi digiri imene mizinda imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya mmalo mwa mitundu ina. Pamene mizinda ikupitirizabe kukula ndi kuyang'anizana ndi mavuto monga kusintha kwa nyengo, mavuto a zaumoyo, ndi kusalingana kwa chuma, ntchito ya kayendetsedwe ka chakudya m’deralo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Malamulo a madera akuderalo angaperekenso zonulirapo zolinga zosiyanasiyana: kukonza zakudya, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zakudya, kupanga ntchito zomanga, kumanga nyumba, kukonzanso kwa anthu, ndi kukonzanso thanzi la anthu.

Malo a zaulimi a m’mizinda awonjezeka kwambiri m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Malo, nyumba zapamwamba, mafamu, ngakhalenso mafamu a m’nyumba tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi malo oyenera kupangiramo chakudya. Komabe, popanda malamulo ogwirizana ndi malo a m’deralo, ntchito zimenezi zingakhale ndi zopinga zazikulu zalamulo ndi zothandiza. Matauni ambiri achitapo kanthu mwa kupanga njira zatsopano zokonzera malamulo a za kayendetsedwe ka zakudya, kukhazikitsa mabungwe a za chakudya, ndi kugwirizanitsa ulimi wa m’tauni kukhala mapulani odziŵa bwino. Zotsatira zake n’zodziŵa bwino ntchito, zimene sizili, ndiponso mmene malamulo angapangidwire kuti apindule pamene akuchepetsa zotsatirapo zosayembekezeredwa.

Mmene Makhalidwe a M’malowo Amakhudzira Zakudya

Malamulo a m’deralo amagwira ntchito zothandizira kukonza zinthu. Malamulo oteteza zinthu amasankha kaya ntchito zaulimi ziloledwa m'madera okhala, amalonda, kapena m'maindasitale. Malamulo a dziko amatchula mitundu ya zinthu zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mmene madzi angagwiritsidwire ntchito, ndi zimene zimasokoneza. Malamulo a zaumoyo ndi oteteza zinthu amakhazikitsa zofunika kuti chakudya chisamalire, kutumiza pepala la zinyama, ndi kuteteza. Malamulo a msonkho angapereke zisonkhetse kapena kuchotsa malo olima. Malo ndi kulola kuti ntchito zaulimi a m'matauni azikhala ndi mipata yothandizira kapena yolepheretsa ntchito zaulimi. Malamulo onsewa amapereka mpata kuchirikiza kapena kutsekereza ntchito za m'mizinda.

Kuyendayenda ndi Kumanga Malo Kukugwiritsira Ntchito Malamulo

Kumera kuli chopinga chachikulu kwambiri choyang'anizana ndi alimi a m’mizinda. Matauni ambiri ali ndi malamulo okonza malo amene analembedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, pamene ulimi wa m’mizinda sunali kugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'nkhani zotero, kulima chakudya m'malo osungiramo anthu kapena m'zamalonda kungatchulidwe kukhala malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito, kufuna zilolezo zapadera kapena zopimira zimene zili zomangira nthaŵi ndi zokwera mtengo kuti zipeze. Matauni ena alemba zimenezi mwa kupanga magulu atsopano a ulimi wa m’mizinda, monga "Comuny munda wa mafamu" kapena "Urban" . Ena asintha malamulo omwe alipo kuti alole ntchito zaulimi kumadera ena, kuchepetsa mabotiko.

Malamulo a m'dziko amakhudzanso ukulu ndi mtundu wa ulimi wa m’mizinda. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo okhudza kutalika kwa mipanda, kuikidwa kwa mabomu, ndi kusungidwa kwa zipangizo kungayambukire kaya munda kapena famu ingakhale yotheka pamalo ena. Mizinda ina yatengera "ulimi wa m'madera a m'madera a m'madera a m'madera oyenerera" amene amagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yofewa m'madera osankhidwa, kulola kuti zakudya zizipezeka kwambiri pamene zikutetezabe khalidwe la m’deralo.

Njira Zotetezera Thanzi

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo amachita mbali yaikulu m'kuyang'anira ulimi wa m’matauni, makamaka pamene chakudya chikugulitsidwa kwa anthu. Ziyeneretso za malo ochapira m’manja, zosungira chakudya, ndi zoletsa tizilombo zingapangitse ndalama zimene alimi ang'onoang'ono angavutike kukumana nazo. Matauni ena apanga madongosolo a malamulo amene amagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mmene amagwirira ntchito. Gawo laling'ono la m'mudzi limene limaperekera chakudya ku banki la chakudya lingakhale ndi zofunika zochepa kuposa za famu yogulitsa zakudya m'masitolo a a alimi kapena ku malesitilanti. Malamulo ameneŵa angathandize kutsimikizira kuti thanzi ndi chitetezo zikhale pangozi.

Maprogramu a Zachuma ndi Ochirikiza

Zisonkhezero za msonkho, zopereka, ndi ngongole zochepera, zingachepetse kwambiri zopinga zandalama kuyambitsa ndi kuyendetsa mafamu a m’mizinda. Mizinda ina imapatsa msonkho wa katundu kaamba ka malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa ulimi, makamaka pamene asungidwa kutetezera kapena kudalira kwa anthu. Ina imathandizira mwachindunji kaamba ka ziwiya za m'maluŵa, monga kuyesa nthaka, kuthirira, ndi masheya. Maprogramu a chithandizo a zopanga zinthu amene amapereka maphunziro a mabizinesi, mapulani a malonda, ndi malonda ndi mtundu wina wa kuchirikiza kumene maboma akupereka.

Mabungwe Oona za Zakudya ndi Malamulo Olamulira

Mabungwe a malamulo a zakudya ndi mabungwe amene amagwirizanitsa anthu opanga mapangano osiyanasiyana kuti alinganize kakonzedwe ka chakudya. Akhoza kuikidwa m'boma la boma kapena kugwira ntchito monga mabungwe odziimira okha osapanga phindu. Ntchito yawo kaŵirikaŵiri imaphatikizapo kupenda malamulo operekedwa, kuchititsa mayeso a chakudya, ndi kulimbikitsa masinthidwe amene amachirikiza kupangidwa kwa chakudya cha kumaloko ndi kugawidwa. Matauni ena akhazikitsa malo ovomerezeka a kadyedwe, monga ngati Food Policy Dio Dio Dio Prorime Officetor, kutsimikizira kuti kukambitsirana kwa chakudya kumagwirizanitsidwa m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulinganiza, zaumoyo, ndi chitukuko chachuma.

Kufufuza za Kuyambukira kwa Kachitidwe

Mzinda wa Detroit

Detroit wakhala chitsanzo cha dziko lonse cha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a m'madera akutali ndi ulimi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu ndi kuchuluka kwa malo opanda anthu, mzindawu watsatira malamulo omwe amathandiza kuti maere azikhala osoŵa apange chakudya. Detroit Planning Department inachita Dipatimenti ya Urbal Agriculture Ordinance mu 2013 imene inayamba kuloledwa ndi kufotokozedwa kuti ndi yalamulo la m'matauni ndi malo olima. Lamulo limeneli linakhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino a ntchito monga kuweta nkhuku, kusunga nkhuku, ndi kutsata, ndipo linapereka kwa alimi kuti apeze chilo chogulitsa zinthu zolima m'mafalitsira m'manda.

Kuwonjezera pa kusintha malo, Detroit wachirikiza ulimi wa m'matauni kudzera mwa Land Bank Authority yake, imene imalola anthu ndi mabungwe kupeza malo opanda zinthu pamtengo wotsika kaamba ka kulima ndi kulima. Mzindawo wagwiritsiranso ntchito maprogramu oyesa nthaka ndi kukonza zinthu kuti uthetse mavuto a kuipitsa koloŵera ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Monga chotulukapo, Detroit tsopano ali ndi minda ya maluŵa ya anthu ndi mafamu ambiri a m'masitolo amene amapatsa zakudya zatsopano kumadera amene kale analibe chakudya chabwino. Kuyesayesa kumeneku kwapanga ntchito, kukonza zakudya zomanga thupi, ndi kulimbitsa zomanga za anthu. Zokumana nazo za mzindawo zimasonyeza mmene malamulo a dzikolo angasinthire vuto la [1] .

Komabe, njira ya Detroit siili yopanda malire. Alimi ena anena kuti pali mavuto oyendera njira yolola, ndipo nkhaŵa zikupitirizabe ponena za malo ataliko. Alimi amene amabwereka malo kuchokera ku Land Bank angadabwe kuti angathe kukonzanso maresitale kapena kupanga zopindulira zosatha. Magulu a a akhate akupitirizabe kukakamiza alimi a m’mizinda kuti atetezere kwambiri alimi a m’mizinda, kuphatikizapo kulengedwa kwa chuma chachikhalire cha ulimi. Komabe, malamulo a Detroit adakali chilozero chofunika kwa mizinda ina yofuna kuchirikiza ulimi wa m’mizinda.

Mzinda wa New York

New York City yapanga njira yokwanira ya zaulimi wa m’mizinda, kugwirizanitsa kulimidwa kwa chakudya ndi kusungidwa kwake ndi makonzedwe a thanzi la anthu. Food Policy Coordinator, yokhala m'Ofesi ya Mayori, imagwira ntchito m'mabungwe kugwirizanitsa malamulo ndi zolinga za ulimi wa m’mizinda. Zochita zazikulu zimaphatikizapo NYC Green Infrastructurales Program, imene imapititsa patsogolo minda ya padenga ndi madenga obiriŵira monga njira yoyang'anira madzi otentha, kuchepetsa ziyambukiro za chisumbu, ndi kugaŵiranso malo kaamba ka kupangira chakudya. Mzindawo umapereka msonkho kaamba ka nyumba zimene zimaika nyumba zokongola, kupereka zisonkhetso za ndalama kaamba ka eni nyumba zogulitsa m'makonzedwe ameneŵa.

Dipatimenti ya New York ya Mapaki ndi Zosangulutsa imayang'anira minda ya anthu mazana ambiri m'madera asanu, ambiri a iwo anakhazikitsidwa m'madera a mzinda. Mzindawu wayambitsa pulogalamu ya " GreenThumb" yomwe imathandizira ntchito zaluso, zipangizo, ndi kuphunzitsa atsogoleri a maluwa. Kuwonjezera apo, New York City Howartion Authority yayambitsa njira zingapo zothandizira kulima ndi ulimi m’mafakitale, kuzindikira kuti pali kuthekera kwa ulimi wa m’mizinda kuti apangeko bwino moyo wa nzika, ipanga mwaŵi wophunzitsa ntchito, ndi kumanganso chitaganya.

Kakonzedwe ka chakudya ka mzinda kamathandizanso kugaŵira chakudya cholimidwa cha m'deralo. Programme ya NYC Food Retail To Service Health (FRESH) imapereka zosonkhezera za kumanga ndi zandalama ku masitolo amene amanyamula zakudya zatsopano m'madera osasamalidwa bwino. Ngakhale kuti si ntchito yokhudza mwachindunji ulimi wa m’matauni, programu imeneyi imathandiza kuyambitsa mipata ya alimi ang'onoang'ono mwa kuwonjezera kugula zinthu za kumaloko. Njira ya New York City imasonyeza mmene njira yaulimi ya kagwiritsidwe kantchito kachakudya kophatikizapo kutulutsa, kugaŵira, ndi kugula.

Portland, Oregon

Portland yakhala yothandiza kwambiri kugwirizanitsa ulimi wa m'mizinda ndi kulinganiza mzinda. Bungwe la tauniyi limaphatikizapo malamulo amene amalimbikitsa kutulutsa chakudya m'dziko la anthu onse ndi laokha. Malamulo a ku Portland "Urban Food Zoning" amalola anthu kukhala ndi njuchi, nkhuku, ndi ziŵeto zina zazing'ono, ndipo limalola kugulitsa zokolola zokulira m'maulendo. Mzindawu wakhazikitsanso "Gay System Plan" imene imakhala ndi zolinga zowonjezera kutulutsa chakudya cha kumaloko, kuchepetsa utayiko wa chakudya, ndi kupititsa patsogolo chakudya.

Chimodzi cha zinthu zotchuka kwambiri za Portland ndicho "Eco Dridies" programu yake, imene imachirikiza ntchito zosungika za mudzi, kuphatikizapo minda ya anthu, nkhalango za chakudya, ndi njira zoweta mvula. Mzindawo wapanganso "Chakudya ndi Farm Ombudsman" malo a kuthandiza alimi ndi osamalira malo akumeneko. Chochitika cha Portland chimasonyeza mmene kudzipereka kwanthaŵi yaitali kwa ulimi wa m’mizinda, kochirikizidwa ndi malamulo osasinthasintha ndi pangano la chitaganya, kungatsogolere ku chuma cha chakudya chakumaloko.

Seattle, Washington

Food Action Plan ya Seattle, yokonzedwanso kuyambira 2012, imaika mipata yapamwamba yowonjezera chakudya cholimidwa m’mizinda. Mzindawu wasinthanso malamulo ake ogwiritsa ntchito mafamu a m’mizinda m’madera osiyanasiyana, ndipo umapereka ndalama zothandizira kuti munda upite patsogolo kudzera mu Dipatimenti ya Department of Arecours. Seattle imakhalanso ndi programu ya "P-Patch" imene imayang'anira minda yambiri ya anthu mumzinda wonsewo, imene yambiri mwa ntchito yake imaphatikizapo minda ya anthu opezako ndalama zochepa ndi othawa. Njira ya mzindawu imaphatikizapo kuyang'anira bwino zinthu za m'deralo, ndi malamulo olinganizidwa kutsimikizira kuti anthu a m’mizinda apindula ndi ulimi omwe sanapatsiridwe ndi chakudya.

Mavuto ndi Mwayi

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku amene takambirana pamwambapa akusonyeza kuti anthu a m’madera ena angathe kuchirikiza ulimi wa m’mizinda, m’pofunika kudziwa kuti pali zinthu zina zimene zingawalepheretse kuchita zinthu zogwirizana, zogwirizana ndiponso zodalirika.

Mavuto

  • Ziletso zomangira ntchito zaulimi zimene zimachepetsa mitundu ya ntchito zaulimi zololedwa m'madera okhala kapena amalonda, kukakamiza alimi kugwira ntchito m'malo alamulo kapena kusiya zolinga zawo zonse.
  • Ndalama zapamwamba ndi mpikisano wa malo m'malo odzaza mizinda, kumene mapindu a malo kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga kukhala kosathandiza mwachuma kugwiritsira ntchito malo kaamba ka kupangira chakudya mmalo mwa kupita patsogolo kwa malonda kapena kwa malo okhala.
  • Ogwirizana kulowa likulu ndi kupereka ndalama kaamba ka ndalama zoyambira, kukonza nthaka, zomangira, ndi ntchito zopitirizabe. Alimi ambiri a m'mizinda amavutikira kupeza ndalama zokongola kapena zopereka, makamaka ngati alibe mbiri ya ulimi wopindulitsa.
  • Kuipitsa kwa nthaka kuchokera ku kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa maindasitale, utoto wamtovu, ndi utsi wa galimoto, zimene zingadzetse ngozi za thanzi ndi kufuna kupima ndi kuchiritsa kokwera mtengo kulima kusanayambe.
  • Kuloŵa ndi kuthirira kumavuta, makamaka m’mizinda kumene madzi amaikidwa mita ndi kukwera mtengo, kapena kumene kuli ziletso za kututa madzi a mvula.
  • Kucholoŵana kwa ulamuliro [[FL:1] kumaphatikizapo madipatimenti ambiri a mzinda [1] kulinganiza, thanzi, mapaki, ntchito zapoyera , zimene zingakhale ndi malamulo otsutsana kapena kulephera kulola.
  • Dziko losatetezereka kwa alimi amene amabwereka malo pa mapangano anthaŵi yochepa, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuikiza ndalama pa kuwongolera kwa nthaŵi yaitali monga kumanga dothi, mbewu zanthaŵi zonse, kapena maziko a zinthu.
  • Malo a zamalonda a opanga matauni ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa malo okonzera, makampani ogaŵira, ndi masitolo okhoza kuyendetsa zinthu zamitundumitundu.

Mwayi Wothandiza

  • Kugwirizanitsa kochititsa manyazi [1]: Matauni angaloŵetsedwe m'malamulo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mapulani a nyengo, njira zaumoyo wa anthu, njira za kupititsa patsogolo chuma, ndi maprogramu a kagulu ka anthu. Kugwirizana kwa mtanda kungatsegule makampani ndi kukopa magwero osiyanasiyana a ndalama.
  • Makonzedwe a kachitidwe ka pulogalamu yoikidwa ndi bungwe : Okhala m’dziko, alimi, ndi mabungwe a anthu m'zochitika za kutukuka kwa malamulo amatsimikizira kuti malamulo akusonyeza zosoŵa ndi chidziŵitso cha kumaloko. Njira zothandizira zingakulitse kukhulupirirana ndi kuwonjezera kuthekera kwakuti malamulo adzagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi kuchirikizidwa.
  • Zithunzi zopezera malo atsopano : Kuikizira malo a anthu, kusungitsa zinthu, ndi ma ndandanda anthaŵi yaitali angathandize alimi kukhala ndi moyo wabwino pamene akusunga malo okhoza kugulitsidwa ndi kuletsa malingaliro. Mizinda ina yapanga mabanki a malo a ulimi a "Urban" amene amasunga malo kaamba ka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ulimi.
  • Thandizo la kampani ndi nyumba zaluso [1]: Kuphunzitsa, kulangiza, ndi chuma cha alimi a m'matauni olakalaka angachepetse chopinga kuti aloŵe ndi kuwongolera chipambano cha ntchito zatsopano. Izi zingaphatikizepo ma shanti a zamalonda, kusankha mbewu, kuyang'anira nthaka, ndi kutsatsa malonda.
  • Maprogramu apakati [[FLT: 1]: Kuchepetsa msonkho wa katundu, majonasi aufupi, ndi kulola ntchito zimene zimaphatikizapo ulimi wa m'matauni zingalimbikitse eni malo ndi okonza zinthu kuphatikiza chakudya m’makonzedwe awo.
  • Makampani opezera chakudya ndi misika ya zamalonda [1]: Sukulu, zipatala, ndi mabungwe ena a boma angakhale makasitomala kwa alimi a m'matauni. Malamulo amene amaika zinthu zofunika kwambiri za m'matauni angachititse kufunidwa ndi kuchirikiza kukhazikika kwa chuma cha mafamu a m’mizinda.
  • Food waste reduction and composting: Urban agriculturecan be integrated with municipal composting programs, turning organic waste into valuable soil amendments while reducing landfill burden. Policies that support community composting and on-site waste processing can close nutrient loops.
  • [[FLT :0] Kusonkhanitsa ndi kupenda [1]: Kuyang'anitsitsa ziyambukiro za malamulo aulimi a m'mizinda kumatheketsa mizinda kukonza njira zawo, kusonyeza phindu kwa opereka ndalama, ndi kugawana maphunziro ndi oimira ena. Ma Metricic angaphatikizepo mavolyumu a chakudya, zotulukapo zachuma, zizindikiro zaumoyo, ndi mapindu a malo okhala.

Njira Yake: Kumanganso Njira Zakudya Zam’deralo

The evidence is clear: local policies have a profound impact on the viability and scale of urban agriculture. Cities that have adopted supportive zoning, invested in infrastructure, and engaged communities in planning processes have seen tangible benefits in terms of food access, economic opportunity, and environmental quality. However, no single policy or program is sufficient. The most effective approaches are comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained over time.

Opanga malamulo a zaulimi a m’mizinda sayenera kuwona ulimi kukhala ntchito yokha koma monga mbali ya dongosolo lalikulu la chakudya limene limaphatikizapo kupanga, kugawira, kugulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zotayidwa. Apolisi ayenera kulinganizidwa ndi kutsimikizira kuti mapindu a ulimi wa m’mizinda afikira anthu amene akhala akutsalira m'mbuyomu ndi osasungidwa. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yomanga ntchito m'madera otsika, kupereka chuma cha mbewu zoyenerera, ndi kuchotsa zoletsa zimene zikukhudza anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi anthu osamukira m’madera ena.

Palinso kufunika kowonjezereka kwa kugwirizana kwa chigawo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a chigawo cha mzinda ali ofunika, ulimi wa m’mizinda kaŵirikaŵiri umagwira ntchito kwambiri pogwirizanitsa ndi madera akumidzi. Mabizinesi a alimi, malo a chakudya, ndi madongosolo ogaŵira a m'madera angagwirizanitse anthu a m’tauni ndi a m’midzi, kupanga dongosolo la chakudya lolimba kwambiri ndi losiyanasiyana. Maboma a m'deralo angatheketse kugwirizana kumeneku mwa kulinganiza kayendedwe, dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka chakudya, ndi kulinganiza kwa malamulo opinganirana.

Kwa nzika ndi mabungwe a m’chitaganya, mfungulo njakuti kusintha kwa lamulo kuli kotheka. Kufufuza kochokera ku Detroit, New York, Portland, ndi Seattle kumasonyeza kuti ochirikiza odzipereka angasonkhezere nyumba za mzinda ndi kuyambitsa kusintha kwachikhalire kwa nyumba. Kaya kupyolera mwa anthu pa kugamula milandu, kutenga nawo mbali m'bungwe la zakudya, kapena kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu a boma, pali njira zambiri zopangira malamulo olamulira ulimi wa m’mizinda.

Potsirizira pake, cholinga si kutulutsa chakudya chochuluka m’mizinda koma kumanga madongosolo a chakudya amene ali ongosinthasintha, okhazikika, ndi opirira polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kusakhazikika kwa zachuma, ndi kusalingana kwa chikhalidwe. Malamulo a m'malowo ali njira zamphamvu zopezera masomphenya ameneŵa. Mwa kuzindikira mmene malamulo amagwirira ntchito, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zitsanzo zachipambano, ndi kuloŵerera m'malamulo, anthu angapange malo kumene kulimako ndi kuthandizira ku ubwino wa nzika zonse za m’tauni.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa nkhani imeneyi kumaphatikizapo zothandizira za ntchito ya Food Policy Programmes pa Johns Hopkins University , imene imapereka ziŵiya ndi maphunziro a kayendetsedwe ka chakudya pa mabungwe a bungwe; Urban Agriculture Programme ku Michigan State Incenter [ Programme ya za chakudya, imene imapereka malangizo ozikidwa pa kuwongolera malamulo; ndi [[FLTL:] [[FLT]] Mudzi wa Urban Ordiance [[FLT:] tsamba], limene limakhala chitsanzo cha mizinda ina. Kuwonjezerapo, New York City Food Policy Polic [F:] yothandiza ndi njira yothandiza pa chidziŵitso chaku