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Kumvetsa Unansi Pakati pa Olamulira Olamulira UK ndi Apolisi a M’boma Lapakati
Kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa oyang'anira mzinda wa UK ndi boma lalikulu ndi maziko a ulamuliro wamakono wa Britain, kukusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa kusinthika ndi kutchuka kwa dziko. Pamene mizinda ndi madera akukhala ndi thayo lalikulu pa nkhani zawo, kugwirizana pakati pa oyang'anira malo osankhidwa ndi Westminster kwakhala kosonkhezera kwambiri m'malamulo a anthu, kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, ndi mautumiki a anthu. Unansi umenewu sumasintha ndi kuyendera pamodzi ndi zitsenderezo za ndale, ndi kusoŵa kwa anthu a m'mizinda. Kuzindikira zimenezi kwafuna kupenda malamulo, mbiri yakale, ndi mfundo zenizeni zimene zimalongosola mmene mabwana amagwira ntchito m'malamulo pakati pa maulamuliro aakulu ndi mautumiki operekedwa ndi mautumiki a boma.
Ntchito Yozungulira ya Mayere a UK
Oyang'anira malo a UK, makamaka amene ali ndi maulamuliro ogwirizana onga Greater Manchester, West Midlands, ndi Liverpool City Region , ali pakati pa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'chigawo cha boma. Maudindo awo amaposa kwambiri ntchito zamwambo; iwo ali maulamuliro amphamvu pa zoyendera, maluso, ndi kutukuka kwa zachuma. Kupangidwa kwa mametro pansi pa mizinda ndi Boma la Devolporation Act 2016 inaika kanthaŵi kochepa kwambiri m'kulemekeza, kupatsa atsogoleri ameneŵa mlandu wa ku makampani awo ndi ndalama zawo zazikulu kuyendetsa. Komabe, ulamuliro wawo . Maboma apakati amalamulira ndalama zapakati pa malamulo, malamulo, ndi malamulo a boma, kupanga kujambula kwa kaundulanitsa kwa mamende ndi kugwirizana kwa ma interna.
Fanizo la meya ku London nlosiyana, ndi Mayor wa London wokhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu za zoyendera (TfL), polishi, nyumba, ndi kulinganiza kwa dongosolo. Zimenezi zakhazikitsa chitsanzo ku madera ena, ngakhale kuti palibe amene akwanitsabe kukhala ndi ufulu wofanana. Kudutsa UK, malo a meya amatumikira monga malo apadera a chigawo ndi njira zachuma, kaŵirikaŵiri amachita monga omenyera madera awo pokambirana ndi Whitehall. Luso lawo la kukhudza malamulo a zandale, mphamvu yawo, ndi kulinganiza kwa zinthu zawo zofunika zazikulu ndi gulu lolamulira ku Westminster.
Kusintha kwa Chisinthiko Kumathandiza
Mapanganowa asintha kwambiri zinthu ndi njira yoyamba imene maulamuliro a boma apakati ndi a boma logwirizana. Mapangano amenewa asintha kwambiri: madera ena apeza mphamvu pa ndalama zoyendera, maphunziro a anthu achikulire, ndi kuikizira nyumba, pamene ena apeza ufulu wochepa. Mwachitsanzo, West Middlands Exdined Authority adakambirana kampani yochotsa ndalama zimene zimaphatikizapo ndalama zokwana $1.1 biliyoni za ndalama zoyendera, nyumba, ndi maluso oposa zaka 30. Mabizinesi ameneŵa amayendera nthaŵi ndi kubwereranso ndi kukonzanso nyumba, kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna kuti apange umboni wopereka katundu wodalirika kuti asamutsiritsiranso mphamvu za boma.
Kukambitsiranako kumavumbula kusalinganizika kwa mphamvu paunansi wa pakati pa dziko. Mayar ayenera kusonkhezera mwachipambano, kuchirikiza kwa ndale zadziko kuchokera kwa maMP a kumaloko, atsogoleri a malonda, ndipo nthaŵi zina ndawala zapoyera, kusonkhezera atumiki apakati kutulutsa ndalama zowonjezereka kapena kusinthika. Kulimba kumeneku kungatsogolere ku unansi wotsagana kumene oyang'anira malonda amagulitsa kapena kulinganiza zinthu. Osuliza amanena kuti devolution imakhala yosakwanira, ndi boma lalikulu lomwe limasunga ulamuliro wokulira pa kugula ndi kulinganiza zinthu, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya oyang’anira zinthu za kuyang'anira zosoŵa za kumaloko.
Ndalama Zochuluka ndi Makina Opangidwa ndi Magazi
Kupereka ndalama ndiko kuyendetsera ulamuliro wa meya, ndi njira zimene boma lalikulu limaperekera zinthu ndizo gwero la mavuto. Olamulira ambiri amadalira ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zapakati, kusasunga malamulo a malonda, ndi malamulo a boma a boma. Malamulo a boma a pachaka amasankha ndalama zimene zimachokera ku Westminster kupita ku mabungwe ndi akuluakulu ogwirizana, kaŵirikaŵiri pambuyo powakakamiza kwambiri. Mayress nthaŵi zambiri amatsutsa kuti njira ya ndalama zimene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa n’zopereŵera ndi zosatsimikizirika, zikumaletsa kulinganiza kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa zinthu ndi mautumiki a anthu onse.
Chifuniro chachikulu cha oyang'anira malo ambiri ndicho kuchuluka kwa osunga chisinthiko, kuphatikizapo kukhoza kukweza ndi kusunga misonkho ya kumaloko, kubwereka momasuka, ndi kuyambitsa mitsinje yatsopano monga kuperekedwa kwa alendo kapena kulembedwa ntchito. Boma la Central lakhala losamala kwambiri pa kutsogoloku, makamaka chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za chilango ndi kusalingana kwa madera. Kampani ya zachuma imakhala yolimba, ngakhale pamene kulankhula kwa anthu a m’dzikolo kukukula. Bungwe la Institute for Government laona kuti [[FLT: 0] MameyauK ali ndi mafiscal evernimation ochepera kuposa anzawo m'zachuma ena aakulu.
Ngakhale kuti pali zopinga zimenezi, mameya apeza njira zatsopano zothandizira anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Ena agwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zothandizira kukopa anthu mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makampani opanga zinthu zoyendetsera kapena ndalama za zigawo zopinga. Ena apanga mapangano a magulu kuti apereke chigamulo chimodzi ku boma lalikulu, monga momwe zikuonekera m'gulu la Metro Mayer kuti gulu la ofufuza ndalama pamodzi kuti lipeze ndalama zothandizira. Njira zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti gulu la oyendetsa chuma likhale logwirizana kuti liyendetse njira imene ikufunika ku London.
Kulinganiza Lamulo ndi Kusagwirizana
Unansi pakati pa mameya ndi boma lalikulu suli kokha wa zachuma; ulinso wandale ndi wa malingaliro. Pamene gulu la meya ligwirizana ndi boma, kugwirizana kuli bwino, ndipo ameya akhoza kusungitsa kupezeka kwa mwamsanga kwa atumiki ndi kulinganiza malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Conservative Metro meyar meyard ku West Midwands ndi Tees Valley apindula ndi kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi boma lapakati, kusonkhezera ntchito za zomanga nyumba zonga ngati la HS2 la siteji ndi maina aulenti auler. Mosemphana ndi zimenezi, Labour Meyarders ku Manchester, Liverpool, ndi London kaŵirikaŵiri apeza kuti akutsutsa lamulo lapakati, kutsogolera ku unansi wowonjezereka wa boma, kusonkhezera mabizinesi.
Mikangano ya malamulo njofala, makamaka pa anthu omanga nyumba, zoyendera, ndi malamulo a malo okhala. Mkangano wa pakati pa Mayor wa London ndi boma wonena za kufutukuka kwa Ultra Low Eugser Zone (ULEZ) ndi chitsanzo chotchuka, chosonyeza mmene lamulo la kumaloko lingakhalire nkhondo ya ndale zadziko. Mofananamo, kusagwirizana pa ndalama zothandizira ntchito za njanji, monga ngati Northern Powerhouse Rail, kwasokoneza maunansi pakati pa omanga nyumba za kumpoto ndi Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera. Mikangano imeneyi siimangosonyeza kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa zinthu zofunika za dziko ndi zimene zimapanga malamulo othandiza.
Komabe, pali mbali zazikulu za kugwirizana. Kaŵirikaŵiri a May amagwira ntchito monga kuperekera limodzi maprogramu a boma, monga ngati kuyendetsa Thungwe la UK kapena UK Babvel Provice Fund. Chidziŵitso chawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo za kumaloko zimawapangitsa kugwirizana kofunikira kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zolinga za dzikolo. Kupambana kwa zoyesayesa monga Manchester Independent Economic Review ndi West Middlands's kuzoloŵera maphunziro a achikulire ndi kusintha maluso kuliko chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa donalalal kugwira ntchito m'mabungwe a dzikolo. Ntchito imeneyi iŵiriyi imathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga za dziko ndi kuyendetsa malamulo a dziko ndi kuweruza kwa ndale.
Kufufuza za Maseŵero:
Kupenda zitsanzo zenizeni za kugwirizana kumathandiza kusiyanitsa maunansi a meya ndi boma. Ku Greater Manchester, Mayor Ander Burnham adapanga njira "yozikidwa" ya kusintha utumiki wa anthu, kuphatikizapo thanzi ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu, zimene zinafuna mapangano apadera ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kusintha kwa ndalama zowonongedwa ku Great Manchester Dreadive Authority kunali chigwirizano chapadera, kulola chigawocho kuphatikiza ndalama zoyendera kudutsa NHS, kusamalira anthu, ndi nyumba zosamalira anthu. Boma la Central linapereka kusintha kumeneku monga mbali ya "MD Crevolution" , koma lafunikira kulinganiza nthaŵi zonse pa zogwirira ntchito ndi kuyendetsa ndalama.
Ku London, kugwirizana kwa Mayor ndi boma kwakhala kochuluka kwambiri, makamaka kutsatira kuchotsedwa kwa Fromment of London kuyang'anira. Katundu wa ndalama wa TfL anasinthidwa kambirimbiri m'ma 2010, ndipo boma lalikululo linali ndi mikhalidwe yochititsa kusungira ndalama ndipo ndalama zinawonjezeka. Vuto la zachuma la 2020 linapeza kuti TfL lalandira ndalama zochokera kwa Khirisitale, koma ndi zingwe zogwirizana ndi ndalama zimene anthu a mbadwo wa anthu apeza ndi kusintha kwa maulamuliro. Nkhani zimenezi zinasonyeza kuti boma lalikulu likugwira ntchito ngakhale meya wamphamvu kwambiri.
Kumbali ina ya kuchuluka kwa ndegezo, Tees Valley Councided Authority pansi pa Conservative Mayor Ben Houchen yawona kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi boma lapakati, zotsatirapo za kupangidwa kwa malo aufulu ndi kubwereketsedwa kwa bwalo la ndege la kumaloko. Kufunitsitsa kwa boma kuikiza ndalama m’chigawocho kumasonyeza kulinganiza kwa ndale zadziko, komanso luso la Houchen la kuyambitsa njira yogwirizana ndi maprogramu a boma. Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza mmene mameya angagwiritsirire kusungirira kampani yosungiramo ndalama zapamwamba, ngakhale kuti imadzutsa mafunso ponena za kugaŵira chuma m’madera akutali.
Mavuto ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo Kopitirizabe
Ngakhale kuti pali zipambano zambiri, kugwirizana pakati pa mameya ndi boma lalikulu kukusokonezedwa ndi mavuto osathetsedwa. Chimodzi cha zofunika kwambiri ndicho kusoweka kwa malamulo osonyeza bwino kulingana kwa mphamvu. Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kumachitidwa mwachinsinsi, ndi kudalirana kochepa. Zimenezi zimachititsa zigawo zina kukhala ndi ufulu wochuluka kuposa zina. Mayress ku North East kapena West Yorkshire kaŵirikaŵiri amalingalira kuti zochita zawo nzachilendo poziyerekezera ndi anthu amene apatsidwa London kapena Greater Manchester.
Kulimbana kwina kopitirizabe ndi kuchepa kwa nthaŵi ya kudalirana kwa ndalama. Maprojekiti ambiri a meya, monga maprogramu a nyumba kapena kuwongolera zoyendera, amafunikira mapangano a zaka zambiri, koma boma lapakati kaŵirikaŵiri limaika bajeti pa chaka ndi chaka kapena pa mawu okhazikika. Zimenezi zimapanga kusatsimikizirika ndi kuchepetsa kulinganiza kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa boma kwa ndalama zothandizira kupikisana, monga ngati kuyendetsa malo, kukakamiza a meya kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chochuluka cha ndalama zimene zingagaŵidwe motsimikizirika kupyolera mwa magawo ogwirizana ndi malamulo. Ofesi yopanga mapangano a dziko lapansi yatsutsa njira imeneyi chifukwa cha kulephera kwake ndi kuvuta kwake kuiika pamalo akwawo.
Kusiyana kwa ndale zadziko ndikonso kumachititsa kusagwirizana. Ngati meya ali wa chipani china kuposa boma lalikulu, pangakhale kusokonezeka kwadala kapena kulephera kuchirikiza. Zimenezi sizimachitidwa mopitirira muyezo, koma amameya amasimba mochedwa mafuno, mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri popereka mapangano, ndi kuchitiridwa zinthu zosakomera kwambiri m'makalata a anthu. Otsutsa amayang'anizananso ndi vuto la kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha mavuto a kumaloko amene alephera kulamulira, pamene kuli kwakuti boma lalikulu likunena kuti likhoza kupambana kochokera ku Westminster. Zimenezi zingathetse kudalira kwa anthu onse pa mlingo wa ulamuliro.
Kuwonjezerapo, mamaya akudandaula kuti kaŵirikaŵiri boma lalikulu limalephera kuwafunsa mokwanira pa zosankha za malamulo zimene zimayambukira madera awo mwachindunji, monga kusintha malamulo oloŵera m’dziko omwe amayambukira misika ya antchito kapena kusintha malamulo a kulinganiza. Kupanda kutomerana kumeneku kumafooketsa mzimu wa kuchotsa chisinthiko ndi kupangitsa lingaliro lakuti a meya amaonedwa kukhala ogwiritsira ntchito mmalo mwa anzawo. [FLT: 0] Kugwedezeka Kuunda Woyera Mapepala kudzipereka kulimbitsa liwu lakwawo mu Whitehall, koma opanga zinthu akhala ogwirizanabe, ndi mamayala oyesayesabe kupeza chisonkhezero champhamvu pa chisinthiko cha malamulo.
Mtsogolo mwa Ulamuliro wa Mayoral
Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, unansi pakati pa oyang'anira mzinda ndi boma lapakati uli wothekera kusinthika m'kuyankha ponse paŵiri kusintha kwa ndale zadziko ndi zitsenderezo za zachuma. Kukakamiza kopitirizabe kaamba ka kusinthika kowonjezereka, makamaka m'madera onga maluso, thanzi, ndi malamulo a mphamvu, kumapereka lingaliro lakuti malowo apitirize kufuna ufulu wokulirapo. Maboma a Labour Party akupereka malingaliro a kukhazikitsa maulamuliro atsopano ogwirizana ndi oyendetsa malo m'madera onga Hull ndi East Midlands angakulitse chitsanzocho, kukhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu zotsalira za mamayawo a mameya a mabwanala. Komabe, kukula kumeneku kungadzutsenso njira yokulira kuchokera ku boma yapakati, monga kuchuluka kwa mameyaunzi a doyaukulu kwa mameyala aakulu kukupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuyendetsa bwino.
Fiscal devolution idakali nkhani yaikulu yosatha. Popanda kukhoza kukweza misonkho yaikulu ya kumaloko, malowo adzakhalabe odalira pa zosankha zapakati, akumachepetsa kukhoza kwawo kuyendetsa chitukuko cha kumaloko kapena kuyankha mavuto. Maulamuliro a Treasury a kuletsa msonkho ndi chopinga chachikulu, koma ena amakonza zinthu . Zonga ngati mabizinesi 100% amene amasungidwanso ku Manchester . Ngati zimenezi zitsimikizira kukhala zachipambano, kuwonjezera kusintha kwa zinthu, kukhoza kubwezeretsa unansiwo.
Luso la zopangapanga ndi madata zilinso ndi mbali yochitira. Pamene malowo akula kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo za boma popanga zosankha za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kapena njira zoyendetsera anthu. Mwachitsanzo, angapange nkhani zochokera ku umboni wa ufulu wakwawo. Panthaŵiyi, boma la Central lingagwiritsire ntchito chidziŵitso kuyang'anira ntchito ya monarchy, kupanga malo okhala ndi mlandu wowonjezereka komanso otsenderezedwa kwambiri. Kulinganiza pakati pa kukonza zinthu ndi kuyang'anira dziko kudzafunikira kuyang’anira bwino.
Malo andale a boma adzapanga kutsogolera kwa ulamuliro wa m'boma. Boma lomvera chisoni kwambiri kuchotsa chisinthiko lingafulumizitse kusamutsira maulamuliro, pamene kuli kwakuti kuyang'anira kokulirako kungasokoneze kwambiri. Komabe, chikhoterero cha kuchotsa chisinthiko kumaiko a Kumadzulo chimapereka lingaliro lakuti, ambiri, osati ochepera, kudzilamulira kwa kumaloko, ali ndi kuthekera kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Olamulira a UK a mphamvu ya kugwira ntchito mogwira ntchito ndi boma lalikulu, pamene akusunga ufulu wawo ndi kuŵerengera mlandu kwa osankha a m’dzikolo, adzakhala ofunikira kuwonadi mapindu a kusintha kumeneku.
Kumaliza
Unansi pakati pa oyang'anira malo ndi boma lalikulu ndi wochuluka kwambiri, wofunika kuti boma la Britain lamakono ligwire ntchito bwino. Mayesi amatumikira monga mameseji ofunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndi pakati pa chigawo, akunyamula ziyembekezo za madera awo za kukonzanso chuma, mautumiki abwino a anthu, ndi ulamuliro wokulirapo pa mtsogolo mwawo. Boma la Central limapereka zinthu ndi dongosolo limene limatheketsa kulamulira, koma limasunganso mphamvu zimene zingatsegule kapena kutsendereza kuthekera kwa dzikolo. Mtsogolo mwa unansi umenewu ndi kupeza zokhazikika, zowonekera, zowonetsera, ndi zosayenerera bwino, limodzi lomwe limayang'anira mphamvu zonse za utsogoleri wa dziko lonselo ndi ulamuliro wa dziko. Pamene UK ikupitirizabe kupikisana ndi kuchuluka kwa madera, kusoŵa kwa democracy, ndi kuchotsa mphamvu zaunitsa, kukwaniritsa kukwaniritsa ufulu pakati pa kuyang'dziko la Whiteall.