Kodi Kuphunzira ndi Kuphunzira N’kutani?

Kuphunzira ndi kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maziko amene amathandiza anthu kumvetsa mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito, ufulu wawo, ndi mmene angachitire nawo ntchito ya demokrase. Kuposa kungodziŵa magawo atatu a boma; kumaphatikizapo kumvetsa malamulo, Bill of Rights, kusanthula, ntchito ya maboma, ndi njira za kayendetsedwe ka boma. Kuphunzira kumaphatikizaponso maluso monga kuganiza kovuta, kupenda magwero a chidziŵitso, ndi kulankhula za anthu. Popanda mamembala ameneŵa, nzika sizingakonzekedwe bwino kuyendetsa malo andale ndipo sizingasiyane ndi mabungwe enieni amene amalamulira miyoyo yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mfundo ya kuŵerengera ndi kulemba yachokera ku Agiriki akale, amene anagogomezera kufunika kwa nzika yamaphunziro kaamba ka thanzi la polis . Ku United States, oyambitsawo ananena kuti lipabuliki ingakhale yokha ngati anthu ake atauzidwa. Thomas Jefferson analemba kuti, "Sindikudziŵa kuti pali mphamvu zodalirika za anthu koma anthu iwo eni; ndipo ngati tiganiza kuti iwo sanakhozetsetsetsetse mphamvu zawo mwanzeru, mankhwalawo sangakhale owatenga kwa iwo, koma kuti adziŵitse nzeru zawo. Masomphenyawa adakali ofunika lerolino monga momwe zinalili m’zaka za zana la 18.

Kufalikira kwa nkhani zabodza, kuchepa kwa anthu odalirana, ndiponso kuchuluka kwa malamulo osinthasintha zinthu pa nkhani za nyengo n’kukhala kusintha kwa zaumoyo.

Kufunika kwa Kuphunzira

N’chifukwa chiyani aliyense, kaya akhale wamkulu kapena wamkulu kapena wapamwamba, ayenera kuyesetsa kuti adziwe bwino zinthu zimene anthu a m’deralo aphunzira?

Mphamvu ndi Kudzilamulira

Mukamvetsa mmene boma limagwirira ntchito, mumakhala ndi udindo wodziikira nokha ndi kuchirikiza kwanu. Mwachitsanzo, kudziŵa kulemba pepala la mapepala opempha pepala la boma, kulankhula pa msonkhano wa mumzinda, kapena mmene lamulo limakhalira, kumakutheketsani kusonkhezera zosankha zimene zimayambukira nyumba yanu, sukulu yanu, ndi banja lanu. Kuphunzira kuŵerenga ndi kulemba kumasintha nkhani kukhala okangalika.

Kusinthasintha kwa Zinthu

Zisankho ndizo malo enieni a democracy yoimira. Koma kuvota popanda kumvetsa nkhani, malo a oyembekezera kubatizidwa, ndi mphamvu ya masitepe a kuvota kungakhale kopanda phindu. Osankha odziŵa kulemba ndi kusanthula, amvetsetsa kapangidwe ka boma lawo, ndi kuzindikira zotsatira za ntchito zovuta za ofunsira. Iwo sangakhale otengeka ndi kukopa kapena kusatsa malonda kosocheretsa.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuyang’anira

Nzika yodziŵa bwino ndiyo kupenda bwino kwambiri mphamvu ya boma. Pamene anthu amvetsetsa kagwiridwe ka ndalama, ntchito ya oyang’anira, ndi njira za uyang’aniro (monga ngati mayeso a bungwe kapena mahule aakulu), iwo angaike nduna za boma thayo la zochita zawo. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mphamvu kaŵirikaŵiri kumakula mumdima; kuŵerengera anthu kumaunikira.

Kuloŵa M’gulu

Chipangano cha pangano la bungwe la Copic sichingangonena za kuvota. Zimaphatikizapo kudzipereka pa mabungwe ndi makomiti a m'maholo a m'tauni, kupezeka pamisonkhano ya m'mayanjano apafupi, ndi kutumikira pa khoti. Anthu amene amvetsa bwino kayendetsedwe ka boma lawo ndi ntchito yake, amadziona ngati osokoneza tsogolo la anthu a m'dera lawo. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti anthu akhale ogwirizana kwambiri komanso kuti azikhala opirira.

Kumvetsa Malamulo a Boma

Maboma ambiri a democracy ali ndi mbali yofanana: kugaŵanitsa maulamuliro pakati pa nthambi zitatu . . . . ku United States, dongosololi lalongosoledwanso ndi boma, limene limagaŵa mphamvu pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi maboma. Kumvetsetsa kakonzedwe kameneka nkofunika kuti mudziŵe amene angayankhire nkhani inayake ndi mmene zosankha zimachitidwira.

Nthambi Yotsogolera

Nthambi yapamwamba iri ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa malamulo operekedwa ndi nthambi ya malamulo. Pa mlingo wa boma, imatsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, amene amatumikira monga mkulu wa boma ndi mkulu wa boma. Maulamuliro a Prezidenti amaphatikizapo: kusaina kapena kukhazikitsa lamulo; kulamulira magulu ankhondo; kukhazikitsa oweruza a boma, alembi a kabujapiti, ndi akazembe; ndi kuchititsa malamulo akunja, kuphatikizapo mapangano (ndi chivomerezo cha khoti). Nthambi yaikulu imaphatikizaponso madenti aakulu monga Desensivement, Ezance, Health and Human Services, ndi mabutmental Agency (EPA) ndi mabungwe a bungwe la Devicemental Agestment (FB).

Pulezidenti amasankhidwa pa zaka zinayi zilizonse kudzera ku Electoral College, njira imene nthaŵi zina imapanga kusemphana pakati pa voti yotchuka ndi zotsatira. M'zaka makumi angapo aposachedwapa, malamulo a akuluakulu operekedwa ndi Pulezidenti yemwe ali ndi mphamvu ya lamulo . Malamulowa akhala amphamvu kwambiri kuti akonze mfundo popanda chilolezo. Mwachitsanzo, Pulezidenti Barack Obama’s Defer Action for Childhoom Agellals (DACA) ndi Pulezidenti Donald Trump anaikidwa ponse paŵiri kuletsa ulendo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulowa afunikira kupenda lamulo lachiweruzo, amachitira fanizo ulamuliro wodziŵika wosungidwa ndi nthambi yaikulu.

Kazembeyu ndi mkulu wa boma, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi za Pulezidenti koma zongodalira pa nkhani za boma.

Nthambi Yolamulira Malamulo

Mfundo I ya Konsichushoni imaika malamulo onse m'Congress, bungwe la bidamaral lopangidwa ndi Nyumba ya Oimira ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Nyumbayo ili ndi mamembala 435, aliyense akuimira chigawo cha msonkhano wogawidwa ndi anthu; mamembala akutumikira mawu a zaka ziŵiri. Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi mamembala 100, aŵiri ochokera ku boma lililonse, omwe akutumikira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mabungwe ameneŵa anali ololerana pakati pa maiko aakulu ndi aang'ono (Kulolera Kwakukulu kwa 1787) ndipo amatsimikizira kuti onse aŵiri anthu ndi boma amaimira uchifumu m'kupanga malamulo.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Congress ndiyo kupanga malamulo. Lamulo liyenera kupitirira zipinda zonse ziŵiri mu mtundu wofanana ndi kusainidwa ndi Pulezidenti (kapena kudutsa pa chikalata ndi unyinji wa matatu atatu) kuti ukhale lamulo. Dongosolo la malamulo nlovuta: mafaindi amaperekedwa ku makomiti, kutsutsana, kukonzanso, ndi kuvota. Makomiti monga Nyumba ndi Matsirizi kapena Komiti ya Boma judicary Komiti .

Nzika zikhoza kugwirizana ndi nthambi ya malamulo mwa kulankhula ndi oimira awo ndi oimira bungwe la mamembala, kupereka umboni pa nthaŵi za milandu, kapena kutengamo mbali m’nyengo zopereka ndemanga kaamba ka malamulo operekedwa.

Nthambi Yoweruza

Nthambi yachiweruzo imamasulira malamulo ndi kutsimikizira kuti iwo amagwirizana ndi Malamulo. Pamlingo wa boma, Bwalo Lamilandu Lapamwamba limaima monga khoti la zotseguka zomalizira. Pansi pake pali Makhoti 13 a Apilo (makhoti a Chigawo) ndi 94 a District Courts (makhoti a milandu). Makhoti a boma amawunikira kakonzedwe kameneka, ndi makhoti, makhoti apakati, ndi bwalo lamilandu lapamwamba la boma.

Chimodzi cha zida zamphamvu kwambiri za bungwe la judia ndi kupenda kwachiweruzo . mphamvu ya kugwetsa malamulo kapena zochita za akuluakulu zimene zimaswa malamulo. Mphamvu imeneyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani yosonyeza zapadera Marbury v. Madison [183] [183] . Kuyambira pamenepo, zosankha za Khoti Lalikulu zasintha moyo wa America m’njira zazikulu: [[FLT:] Brown v. Board of Education [1954] [1954])) kutha kudalirana kwa mafuko m'masukulu za onse; [FLT:].[FLD] v[FLD]

Oweruza a boma, kuphatikizapo oweruza a Bwalo Lapamwamba, amasankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Iwo amatumikira mapangano a moyo wonse (ogonjera ku makhalidwe abwino), amene amawatetezera ku chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko ndi kutsimikizira kudziimira kwa komiti ya chiweruzo. Oweruza a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amasankhidwa kapena kuikidwa mwa njira zosiyana, zikumadalira pa malamulo a boma.

Ntchito ya Boma

Maboma alipo kuti apereke dongosolo, chisungiko, ndi katundu wa anthu amene malonda sangapereke bwino.

  • [[MLT:0] Kusunga Chilamulo ndi Lamulo: Kupyolera mwa apolisi, makhoti, ndi madongosolo owongolera, boma limasungitsa malamulo ndi kutetezera chisungiko cha anthu.
  • Kupereka Mautumiki a Anthu: Milatho, masukulu, malaibulale, mapaki, ndi mautumiki aukhondo amachirikizidwa ndi boma pamilingo yosiyanasiyana.
  • Kukhazikika ndi Kukula kwa Chuma: Boma limalamulira misika ya zachuma, limayang'anira malamulo a ndalama (Federal Reserve), limapereka inshuwalansi ya ulova, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito njira zandalama kusonkhezera chuma.
  • National Defense : Kutetezera dziko ku ziwopsezo zakunja kuli ntchito yaikulu ya boma, yochitidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Kutetezera ndi mabungwe ogwirizana.
  • [[MLT: 0] Sectial Safety Net: Programs zonga Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, ndi chithandizo cha chakudya zimathandiza anthu ovutika.
  • Chitetezero cha zachikhalidwe: ndi mabungwe a boma amakhazikitsa miyezo ya mpweya woyera ndi madzi, kuyang’anira malo a anthu onse, ndi kusungitsa malamulo a malo okhala.

Ntchito zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimagawana pakati pa maboma a boma ndi boma, njira yodziŵika monga dederal . Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro ndi thayo la boma ndi la kumaloko, koma boma limapereka ndalama ndi kuika zitsogozo zazikulu kupyolera mwa malamulo onga ngati Proceeds Act (ESA). Mabungwe amphamvu nthaŵi zina angasokonezeke, mwachitsanzo, pamene tsoka lachilengedwe lichitika, nzika sizingadziŵe kaya kulankhulana ndi FEMA (federa) kapena bungwe loyang'anira zangozi la boma.

Kudziwa kuti ndi boma liti limene limathandiza anthu kufunsa mafunso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito yake, kumathandiza anthu kudziwa mmene angachitire zinthu.

Kuphunzira ndi Kuphunzira

Kudziwa mmene boma limagwirira ntchito kumafuna kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito luso limeneli tsiku lililonse.

  • Kudziwitsa m'masankho alionse [1] osati chabe zaka za pulezidenti, koma chigawo chachikulu, chapakati, cha kumaloko, ndi zisankho za sukulu. Zosankha zambiri zofunika zimapangidwa pa mlingo wa kumaloko.
  • Kukumana ndi oimira anu osankhidwa ponena za nkhani zimene mumasamala. Kusanthula bwino, intayi yolingalirika kapena foni ingakhale ndi chiyambukiro.
  • Misonkhano yapoyera yochitidwa ya bungwe lanu la mzinda, konsolo yachigawo, kapena bungwe la sukulu. Misonkhano imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri imatseguka kwa anthu ndi kupereka chidziŵitso cha mmene zosankha za kumaloko zimachitidwira.
  • Kutumikira pa juli [[FLT :1] pamene iitanidwa. Utumiki wa Jury ndi njira yachindunji ya kutengamo mbali m'dongosolo la chiweruzo ndi kutsimikizira milandu yosakondera.
  • Khalanibe odziŵitsidwa mwa kuŵerenga magwero ambiri a nyuzi, kuyang'ana mawebusaiti a boma (monga [[FLT: 2]]USA.gov), ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zotsogoza zosakhala zapatriki zonga ngati [[FLT:]Vote411. org kuchokera ku League of Women Voters.

Mavuto a Kuphunzira

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri m’derali amaona kuti kulemba ndi kulemba n’kofunika, anthu ambiri ku United States ndi padziko lonse amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu.

  • Mageti a pulogalamu: Sukulu zambiri zachepetsa maphunziro a boma. Kufufuza 2020 kochitidwa ndi Annenberg Public Policy Center kunapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la achikulire a ku Amereka angatchule manthambi onse atatu a boma. Miyezo ya boma kaamba ka nzika imasiyana mokulira, ndipo aphunzitsi ambiri alibe maphunziro kapena chuma cha kuphunzitsa nkhaniyo mogwira mtima.
  • Misformation ndi Disformation: Malo oulutsira nkhani kaŵirikaŵiri amafalitsa nkhani zabodza kapena zosocheretsa ponena za njira za boma, kuvota, ndi lamulo. Zimenezi zimalepheretsa nzika kupanga zosankha zodziŵidwa.
  • Kupitira: Mkhalidwe wamakono wauyang'aniro ngwaukulu ndi wocholoŵana. Kumvetsetsa bajeti ya boma, malamulo a msonkho, kapena malamulo a zaumoyo kumafuna kuyesayesa kuti anthu ambiri asafune kapena asakhale okhoza kuikiza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chifundo ndi Kusuliza: Nzika zina zimakhulupirira kuti mawu awo alibe kanthu kapena kuti boma liri loipa mwachibadwa. Izi zingatsogolere ku kutaya, kumene kumafooketsa kuŵerengera.
  • Language and Audorence Barriers: Olankhula Chingelezi osalankhula, anthu olumala, ndi anthu osapeza bwino pa intaneti angavutike kupeza kapena kumvetsetsa chidziŵitso cha boma.

Mmene Mungathandizire Kuphunzira

Kuti tithetse mavuto amenewa, tiyenera kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga aphunzitsi, atsogoleri a anthu, mabungwe oulutsira nkhani, ndi nzika zawo.

Limbitsani K - 12 CBICs Maphunziro

Sukulu ziyenera kuyang'anira a boma monga nkhani yaikulu, limodzi ndi masamu ndi kuŵerenga. Curcula ayenera kuphatikizapo manja pa kuphunzira, monga masankho oyerekezera, magawo oyerekezera malamulo, ndi maulendo a ku nyumba za boma. Magulu onga Anucts [1] (oyambitsidwa ndi yemwe kale anali Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor) akupereka kwaulere, kuchita maseŵera ndi mapulani a maphunziro. Pakoleji, mabungwe angafunikire njira ya malamulo a anthu onse.

Kulimbikitsa Kuphunzira ndi Kuŵerenga ndi Kuŵerenga

Kuŵerenga ndi kulemba ndi kuulutsa nkhani zikuyendera limodzi. Nzika zifunikira kudziŵa mmene zingadziŵire kukhulupirika kwa nkhani, kudziŵikitsa tsankho, ndi mfundo zimene zikufuna. Programu zonga ANNTICER Public Policy Center imapereka chuma pa nkhani zimenezi. Malaibulale ndi malo a chitaganya angayambitse makampani olemba nkhani zabodza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawebusaiti a boma.

Limbikitsani Kuloŵa Umodzi ndi Anthu Osakhala Apartina

Mabungwe akwawo . "Chigwirizano cha Akazi Voters, YMCA, ndi Rotary dang [1] angalandire malo osafuna kulowa, makambitsirano ofunsira, ndi makampani opezera ntchito. Zochitika zimenezi zimakulitsa maluso a anthu ndi kulimbikitsa lingaliro la chitaganya.

Luso la Kutha kwa Ubongo ndi Kutseguka kwa Zipangizo

Maboma angathandize anthu kudziwa bwino kulemba ndi kulemba zinthu pa Intaneti.

Kuphunzira Chitsanzo Chabwino kwa Moyo Wathu Wonse

Kuŵerenga ndi kulemba si chinthu chimodzi chokha. Akulu ayenera kupitiriza kuphunzira malamulo atsopano, zigamulo za khoti, ndi kusintha kwa malamulo. Kutumiza manyuzipepala a anthu opanda gawo, kupezeka pa mawenara, ndi kukambirana zochitika zamakono ndi banja ndi mabwenzi ndizo zizoloŵezi zosavuta zimene zimasunga ndi kukulitsa chidziŵitso cha anthu.

Kumaliza

Kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kuwerenga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri dziko lathanzi. Pamene anthu amvetsa kapangidwe ka boma lawo ndi ntchito zawo, amakhala ndi mphamvu yochita nawo, kuŵerengera atsogoleri awo, ndi kukonza malamulo amene amakhudza miyoyo yawo. Monga momwe Thomas Jefferson anachenjezera, chitetezo cha democracy chimadalira pa kukhala ndi nzika zodziwa bwino. Mavuto a kusocheretsedwa, kucholoŵana kwa mabungwe, ndi kunyalanyaza maphunziro a zamaphunziro a boma amapangitsa maphunziro a boma kukhala ofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Kuyamba maphunziro a boma pa mlingo uliwonse [1] Kuyambira m’makalasi kupita ku zipinda zokhalamo [1] Uchimoyo wodziŵa bwino, ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu. Mtsogolo mwa democrasesholiyo imadalira pa luso lathu la kuzindikira ndi kuchirikiza mfundo zimene zimalimbikitsa.