Nkhani za mbiri yakale siziri kokha mawu omveka m’nthaŵi, ndizo mapulani a moyo wa anthu, kugonjetsa mikangano ndi zokhumba za nyengo zawo. Kuyambira ku magombe a miyala a ku Atene wakale kufikira ku masitepe a Lincoln Cikumbutso, olankhula agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kulira kulongosola zimene tiyenera kukhala nazo m’maboma athu ndi zimene maboma athu ayenera kutichitira. Kukambitsirana kumeneku pakati pa ufulu ndi udindo kumapanga maziko a chitaganya cha democracy. Mwa kupenda maadiresi ovuta ameneŵa, timatsegula maphunziro osatha a kusunga ufulu, kulamula chilungamo, ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito zathu monga nzika zokangalika. Kumvetsetsa mbiri yathu iyi ndiyo sitepi loyamba m’mutu wolemba nkhani yathu yotsatira ya mbiri ya anthu.

Mphamvu ya Kulankhula m’Chikhalidwe Choipa

Mawu ogwira mtima amachita zambiri kuposa kungopereka chidziŵitso; amapanga chidziŵitso chimodzi. Amadalira pa zinthu zopanda tanthauzo kwambiri . "FLT], hetos, parogos , ndi logos [1] kusintha maganizo ndi kusonkhezera ntchito. Matanthauzo onga Freddeck Douglas , [[FL:1], [FLT] , [FOL:2] Winston [[[FLT]] Churchir [[FL:3]], [[FLT] ndi] Sour Sour Sour Truth [C] Coonadi [[[FLD:5] imamvetsetsa kuti nkhondo ya ufulu imayamba ndi mawu otsutsa. Mawu ake odziwirira. Mayankhula a Douglass Famit , “Chithunzi chachisanu cha July [1] chigwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsa chinyengo chaukapolo cha ukapolo.

Mofananamo, Franklin D. Roosevelt [1] Boma la Union linagwiritsa ntchito kaundula wa 1941 kuti lifotokozere masomphenya a dziko lapambuyo pa nkhondo yokhayokha yozikidwa pa ufulu wa anthu onse. Mwa kulongosola “Ufulu wa kulankhula , ufulu wa kulambira, ufulu wa kusasoŵa, ndi ufulu wa kusaopa nkhondo ya dziko lonse. Unalinso wosafuna kuteteza mtundu koma kukwaniritsa muyezo wa dziko lonse wa ufulu wa anthu. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kutha kwa kulankhulana ndi mbiri yakale kukulitsa malingaliro a makhalidwe abwino a mtundu. Iwo sangosonyeza makhalidwe omwe alipo kale; iwo amasintha, amaikanso zikwangwani zatsopano za zimene anthu ayenera kukwaniritsa.

Kufufuza kwa mawu ameneŵa kumavumbulanso kufunika kwa nkhani. Chifukwa chake, kupenda nkhani za m'mbiri kumafuna kumvetsa zifukwa zenizeni, mantha, ndi ziyembekezo zimene zinayambitsa. Kupenda mfundo zachikhalidwe kumapereka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, chomveka bwino cha mmene ufulu wa munthu wapindulidwa, kutetezedwa, ndipo, nthaŵi zina, kutchula za kuchuluka kwa mawu a m’mbiri kumachititsa kuti anthu amvetsetse zifukwa zenizeni, mantha, ndi ziyembekezo zimene zinawalimbikitsa.

Mathanthwe a Ufulu Woyenerera: Maphunziro kuchokera ku Podium

M’zaka mazana ambiri, ochirikiza apereka lamulo lopereka ndi kupempha kuyenera kwa anthu koyambirira ndi kochitidwa ndi anthu.

Ufulu wa Kulankhula ndi Msonkhano

Palibe kuyenera kwapadera kwa demokrase yogwira ntchito kuposa ufulu wa kulankhula maganizo a munthu ndi kusonkhana mwamtendere. Nkhani za mbiri yakale zotetezera kuyenera kumeneku kaŵirikaŵiri zimawonekera mkati mwa nthaŵi za kuponderezedwa kwa ndale zadziko. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, atsogoleri a antchito ndi mapepala a pepala a kulembetsa kaŵirikaŵiri anagwidwa chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu umenewu. Nkhani zawo kuchokera ku doko kapena selo ya ndende zinakhala zipangano zamphamvu ku chikhulupiriro chakuti mawu aufulu ndiwo ufulu wa maziko kuchokera ku umene ena onse amachokera. Zimenezi zinatsutsa kuti boma limene limaletsa kutsutsana ndi limakhala lopanda lamulo. Kuyenera kwa kulankhula ndi kusonkhanitsa sikuli kopenyengedwa monga ngati kuyenerera, koma monga machekete pa mphamvu ya ulamuliro, thayo logaŵiridwa ndi nzika zonse kutsimikizira kuti boma zawo zikhale zokhala ndi mlandu.

Ufulu Wochitira Zinthu Mopanda Chilungamo

Chikalata cha nkhani za mbiri yakale chimasonyeza mokulira kufunika kwa kulingana kwa akazi pansi pa lamulo. Elizabeth Cady Stanton [1] [Chikalata] cha “kulengeza kwa Sentiments [1] (11848) mwadala kuyerekezera chinenero cha Chilengezo cha Kudziimira paokha kuti ayese kulingana kwa akazi, kusunthitsa kwakukulu kumene kunagogomezera theka la anthu a dzikolo kuchokera ku malamulo okhazikitsidwa. [FLT:] Maritin King Jr. [FLT:] [3] Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ufulu wa dziko kuyenera kwa “Let of Birming Jail] ndi mbuye wina wofuna chilungamo. Mfumu siingonena za lamulo lapamwamba, koma kutsutsa kuti lamulo lopanda chilungamo. [FLT.] Malt Luthern] Silit Martin.

Ufulu Wolankhulana

Kuyenera kwa voti ndiko njira imene nzika zimalamulira boma lawo. Nkhani zambiri zosonkhezera kwambiri m'mbiri ndi maadiresi olembetsa. Susan B. Anthony] mawu, “Kodi ndi Upandu wa Vote? [1873]), woperekedwa atagwidwa kuti apange wovota, anakhazikitsa chilolezo cha ufulu wa kukhala nzika. Ananena kuti chitsimikiziro cha kutetezeredwa kwa anthu chinaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa voti, kuyenera kuti palibe boma liyenera. Nkhani zimenezi zikugogomezera nkhondo yaitali ya kupanga woimira woimira weniweni. Iwo amatikumbutsa kuti ufulu wa kuvota ndi kufunikira kukhala wokhazikika ndi kukhala ndi wogawa. Mkulu wa nzika ya ndale ya ndale zandale ndi kugawana.

Ndalama Zogulitsira: Udindo wa Nzika

Ufulu umafotokozedwa mopatulidwa, koma nkhani za mbiri yakale zimawagwirizanitsa nthaŵi zonse ndi mathayo ofanana. Anthu aufulu sangakhalebe popanda nzika zimene zaikidwa, kudziŵitsidwa, ndi kufunitsitsa kudzimana kaamba ka ubwino umodzi. Unansi umenewu ndiwo mutu wankhani wa nkhani zambiri zofunika koposa m'mbiri.

Ntchito ya Chilamulo ndi Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Mu “Funeral Oration ,” [[FLT: 0] adakondwerera demokrase ya Atene koma mwamsanga anagogomezera ntchito za nzika zake. Anatsutsa kuti nzika imene sikukhala ndi phande m’moyo wa anthu siimangopanda ntchito koma yopanda pake ku boma. Lingaliro ili lakuti demokrase imafuna kugawana kwachangu. [FLT:] mutu wobwerezabwerezabwereza. Kennedy [[FL:3] Adrensi ya munthu mu 1961 yosaiika mpangidwe kwake kotchuka kwambiri: “Kufunsa chimene dziko lanu silingachite kaamba ka inu. Kupempha chimene mungachite kaamba ka dziko lanu." Ichi chimasonkhezera utumiki umene timakondwera ndi ufulu wa nzika za nzika. [FLD.]

Thayo la Kukhala Maso

Mtengo wa ufulu uli wopitirizabe. Nkhani za mbiri yakale kaŵirikaŵiri zimachenjeza kuti ufulu wa boma suli kudzisintha. Thomas Jefferson [[FLT: 1] motchuka ananenera kuti “kupita patsogolo kwachibadwa kwa zinthu ndiko kutulutsa ndi kukhazikitsa boma kuti likhale. Nthano zoperekedwa kupenda mphamvu ya boma zimagogomezera ntchito ya nzika monga woyang'anira. Anti-FEDERA, [[FLT:] mapepala ndi mawu ochenjeza mwachindunji za kulimba kwa mphamvu ndi kugogomezera kufunika kwa kuchenjera kwa anthu. M’zaka za zana la 20, Senator [FL:] [FLT] Ast Smith Smith: [5]

Ulemu ndi Chifundo m’Chikhalidwe Chosiyana

Chosuliza, choiŵalidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, thayo liri kuchitira ena ulemu ndi chifundo. Lingaliro limeneli nlofunika kwa Abraham Lincoln [1] Adiresi Yachiŵiri ya Intaugial . Ndi Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni ikuyandikira kumapeto, Lincoln anaitanira kaamba ka “kupanda munthu mmodzi” ndi“ kukhalira ulemu kwa onse. Iye analinganiza ntchito ya kumanganso mtunduwo osati monga chilango, koma ya kuyanjanitsa. Mawu ameneŵa amaphunzitsa kuti mathayo a unzika amaphatikizapo ntchito ya kumanga mabala omanga ndi ulemu wa otsutsa andale. M’dziko liyenera kukulitsa luso la kumvetsera malingaliro osiyana ndi ulemu wa munthu aliyense payekha.

Kufufuza Nkhani za M’buku la Kalembedwe ka Anthu

Kupenda nkhani zenizeni kumapereka maphunziro omveka bwino, osati chabe zinthu zakale; ndi zitsanzo za mmene tingadziŵire zoyenera ndi mathayo panthaŵi ya mavuto ndi mwaŵi.

Disituli ya Gettysburg (1863)

M'mawu 272 okha, Abraham Lincoln analongosolanso kuyesa kwa America. Iye anazungulira kuchokera ku nkhondo yachindunji kunka ku lingaliro la chilengedwe chonse: “Ufumu uwu, pansi pa Mulungu, udzakhala ndi kubadwa kwatsopano kwa ufulu , ndi boma la anthu, kwa anthu, chifukwa cha anthu, sudzawonongeka ku dziko lapansi. Mawuwo sadzaleka nkhondo ya Chiweniweni osati monga nkhondo yokha yolimbana ndi mgwirizano, koma monga chiyeso cha kaya mtundu uliwonse wodzipereka ku pulinsipulo lakulingana ndi kupulumuka. Ndi phunziro lalikulu la kusungitsa dongosolo lademokrase lotsutsana ndi magaŵano a mkati. Lincoln anaitana anthu okhala ndi moyowo kuti adzipatulira ku “ntchito yolepherayoyoyo, ntchito yamphamvu yaukulukulu.

Maufulu Anayi (1941)

Ataperekedwa miyezi khumi ndi umodzi chisanafike chiukiro pa Pearl Harbor, [FLT ,] Franklin D. Roosevelt adresi la anthu cholinga chochotsa malingaliro a anthu kuti asiye kudalirana ndi Abusa. Anajambula chithunzi cha dziko lokhazikitsidwa pa ufulu wa anthu. Mawuwa anali kusintha chifukwa chakuti anakulitsa mafotokozedwe a nkhondo ya America kuti aphatikize ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse. Anaika udindo pa United States kuti atsogolere nkhondo yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wankhanza. Malo 4 pambuyo pake anakhala mwala wa ufulu wa anthu [[FLT:] Universaractive Declagement of Human Rights of Human Rights [FL:3], kusonyeza mmene nkhani ya ufulu wa prezidenst ingagwirizanitsire kupyola lamulo la mayiko onse.

Ndili ndi Loto (1963)

Mwinamwake mawu otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya ku America, Dr.. [FLT King Jr .] Adiresi ya Martin Luther . pa March Washington ndi gulu logwirizanitsa ufulu wa anthu ndi maudindo. Mfumu inaumirira kuti otsutsawo anali ndi thayo lakulimbana ndi ulemu wawo ndi chilango, “kusalola kutsutsana kwathu ndi chiwawa chakuthupi. Iye anakhazikitsa nkhondo ya ufulu wa anthu monga kufunidwa kwa“ ndalama . zimene zinaikidwa chizindikiro, zikhala ndi mlandu ku zikalata zawo zotsegulira. Mawuwo akuimbana m’masomphenya awo a mtsogolo. Mawuwo akuitana onse aŵiri oyera ndi Akuda kugwira ntchito pamodzi, akukumbutsa ambiri kuti a iwo ali ndi ufulu wa kuyenera kwa anthu ochepa.

Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “Akazi ”?

Kuperekedwa pamsonkhano wa akazi ku Akron, Ohio, Choonadi cha Sojourner [1] Mawu otsutsa ofala akuti akazi anali ofooka kwambiri kapena osadziŵa kufunikira ufulu wofanana. Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chake monga mkazi wakale wa ukapolo, anachotsa kulungamitsa kwa nzeru kwa kugonana ndi fuko. Kukana kwake, “Ain’t?” kumakakamiza omvetsera kugwirizanitsa malingaliro awo ndi zenizeni za kuwona kwake. Mawu ameneŵa ndi ozikidwa pa kutha kwa malo, kuphunzitsa kuti nkhondo ya ufulu kuyenera kuyenera kukambitsirana ndi anthu a m'mphepete mwa mipatuko. Zowonadi zimagwirizanitsa thayo la wina la kutsutsa.

Zimene Akugwiritsa Ntchito Masiku Ano: Kukhala Nzika

Malamulo osungidwa m'nkhani za mbiri yakale zimenezi ngofunika kwambiri lerolino, makamaka m'zochitika za tekinoloji. Ufulu wa kulankhula, kutetezeredwa ndi ambiri, tsopano umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabiliyoni ambiri pa masiteshoni a za makompyuta a zaunyinji. Komabe, ntchito zachibacbic [1] Zogwirizana ndi kuyeneraku zimene sizisintha, ngakhale ngati wolankhulayo ali nazo. Malonda a mfundo, mfundo yoyambira pa John Stuart Mill ndi Justice Welvell Holmes, imadalira pa mkangano wolimba. Koma ntchito ya msika yogalamuka tsopano imaphatikizapo kutsimikizira ndi kuganiza molakwika asanagawanire.

Ndiponso, thayo la ulemu ndi chifundo nlofunika kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse. Nkhani za pa Intaneti kaŵirikaŵiri sizimakhala ndi anthu a kuyang'anana pamaso ndi pawo. Nkhani za mbiri yakale zimatikumbutsa kuti pangano lachisawawa limafuna kukopa anthu, osati kungotsutsa. Kulimba mtima kwa kulankhula motsutsana ndi kupanda chilungamo kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nzeru zomvera. Monga momwe Margaret Chase Smith anakhalira ndi gulu lake, nzika zamakono zili ndi udindo wotsutsa nkhani zonama ndi zonyoza m'madera awo. Malo a tauni a maofesi a yunivesite amafunika kukhala okangalika, osamala amene amachirikiza mfundo za kumbuyo kwa Oyamba kukonza Komplete pamene akuthandizira ku mbali yapo kuti nkhani yoona yaposera ikhale yabwino.

Kumaliza: Kukambitsirana Kokhalitsa

Nkhani za m'mbiri zakuya kwambiri sizipereka mayankho osavuta. M’malo mwake, zimafunsa mafunso ovuta ponena za chilungamo, kufanana, ndi kudzimana. Zimatikumbutsa kuti ufulu si ufulu waulesi; umafunikira kudzitetezera kokangalika. Mathayo si mitolo; ndi mwaŵi wa kukhala m’chitaganya chaufulu. Kupempha kuti “kubadwanso kwatsopano kwa ufulu" ku maloto a mtundu woweruzidwa ndi mtundu wa mitundu, izi ndizo muyezo wa khalidwe lathu. Kukambitsiranako kukupitirizabe.

Kuchokapo kwa Nzika Zamakono

Kuphunzira pa nkhani za m'mbiri si njira yongophunzitsa zamaphunziro ayi. Ndi chitsogozo chothandiza kukhala nzika yodzipereka, yodalirika, ndi yogwira mtima pantchito yomanga mgwirizano wangwiro. Mawu akale ali zounikira zotsogolera zamakono. Ufulu waukulu wa kulankhula, kusonkhana, ndi kulingana zimasungidwa kokha mwa kupitiriza ndi kutetezera mathayo ameneŵa. Choloŵa cha oimba otchuka ameneŵa sichili kokha m’mawu amene analankhula, koma m’zochita zimene amatisonkhezera lerolino.