Kusintha kwa Malo Andale: Kusintha Kopita Patsogolo m’Japan Wamakono

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, dziko la Japan lakhala likufotokozedwa ndi ulamuliro wosasokonezeka wa Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) yosasintha. Chiyambire kupangidwa kwake mu 1955, LDP yayang'anira chozizwitsa cha zachuma cha Japan, kutulukira kuphulika kwa chuma, ndi kuyang'anira mavuto a anthu okalamba mofulumira. Komabe, zaka zaposachedwapa, magulu opita patsogolo ayamba kuukira, kutsutsa kukhazikika ndi kuchirikiza kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Magulu ameneŵa, pamene akali ochepa m'ka Diet, abweretsa mwachipambano nkhani zonga za chuma, nyengo, machitachita, chisembwere, ndi chilungamo m'chitaganya m'mayanjano wandale. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza kukwera kwa magulu otukukawa, malamulo awo, zitsutso zawo, ndi kuyang'anizana ndi kutsogolo kwawo.

Nkhani Zake: Kuchokera ku LDP Kufikira ku Kugaŵanika kwa Ndale Zadziko

Kuzindikira kukwera kwa mamembala opita patsogolo kumafuna kuzindikira mapindu a LDP . . Japan ndi msanganizo wa zigawo za mbali imodzi ndi kuimira kwa ndandanda. Nzofunika kuyanja zigawo zazikulu ndi madongosolo akuno. Kuchuluka kwa nyengo yapambuyo pa nkhondo, chitsutso chokha chachikulu chinachokera ku Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha Japan (JCP) ndi chipani cha Socialist Party, zonse ziŵirizo zinayesayesa kufutukula zinsi za zigawo zawo. Ziŵerengero za 1990 zinaona nyengo yaifupi ya maboma a mgwirizano, koma LDP inabwereranso mwamsanga pansi pa mphamvu ya Chipani cha Democratic Party cha Japan (DP) inatchula mfundo yaikulu ya chitsutso chake, koma mbali zake ndi kubweretsa zipangano lamphamvu la PLDHN.

M’chimbudzi chimenechi, magulu atsopano ankhondo opita patsogolo asintha. Constitutional Democratic Party ya Japan (CDP), inapangidwa mu 2017 kuchokera kwa otsalira a DPJ ndi magulu ena omasuka, malo a iwo eni monga chapakati chakumanja chakumanja. Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha Japan chapanga malo ake amakono, kugogomezera democracy ndi ubwino wa anthu pa kulongosola kwake kwamwambo. Kuwonjezera apo, atsopano monga Reiwa Shinsengumi, oyambitsidwa ndi katswiri wakale Taro Yamato, wachitapo chidwi ndi malingaliro amphamvu pa chuma ndi malamulo otsutsa mphamvu za dziko. Ngakhalenso Socialmocratic Permocratic Party (SP), ngakhale kuti akukhala ndi mawu otsika pa ufulu wa anthu. Magulu ameneŵa, ngakhale kuti anapangidwa ndi kusiyana kwawo kwa anthu, cholinga chachikulu: kugawa ndi kuchirikiza chuma ndi kuchirikiza chitaganya.

Kusintha kwa Njira Zolamulira: Zimene Mapwando Opita Patsogolo Akumenyera

Chikhalidwe cha Anthu ndi Chiweruzo cha Zachuma

Magulu opita patsogolo ku Japan amanena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa chuma cha dzikolo sikunagaŵidwe. Zaka makumi ambiri za malipiro, kukwera kwa ntchito zosakhala zapanthaŵiyo (antchito wamba tsopano amapanga 40% ya antchito), ndipo makonde osakwanira a anthu asonkhezera kufuna kusintha. Malingaliro aakulu a

  • Kufutukula inshuwalansi ya ulova kuphimba antchito onse, kuphatikizapo nthaŵi yaganyu ndi antchito.
  • Kukweza malipiro ocheperapo ku mlingo wa malipiro okhalirapo, ndi chikole cha mayen 1,500 pa ola limodzi (pakali pano pafupifupi 1000 yen pa dziko lonse).
  • Kulimbikitsa dongosolo la anthu la penshoni kuletsa umphaŵi wa okalamba, umene umakhudza akazi achikulire oposa 20 peresenti okhala okha.
  • Kuyambitsa ndalama zazikulu za padziko lonse monga chonulirapo cha nthaŵi yaitali, ndi Reiwa Shinsengumi kupanga lamulo la sitima zankhondo.

CDP ndi JCP amachirikizanso misonkho yopita patsogolo ya ndalama zambiri . Kukhoma misonkho pa ndalama zapamwamba ndi ndalama zamalikulu pamene akuchepetsa misonkho ya mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa. Iwo amanenanso kuti kudalira kwa LDP pa msonkho kumawonjezera vuto kwa osauka.

Kusamalira Malo Okhala ndi Kachitidwe ka Nyengo

Japan ndi njira yachisanu yopangira magetsi owonjezereka padziko lonse, ndipo njira yake yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi yapangidwa kwambiri ndi ngozi ya nyukiliya ya 2011 Fukushima. Magulu oyendabe asintha mwamsanga kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zibwererenso ku magetsi, ndipo anthu monga 1000,000 amakonzanso magetsi pofika 2040-2050. Malamulo apadera a pulogalamu imeneyi akuphatikizapo:

  • Kutulutsa mphamvu ya nyukliya kotheratu , mosiyana ndi makonzedwe a LDP akuisunga monga magwero amodzi a katundu.
  • Kupirira ndalama zamagetsi a malasha ponse paŵiri m'nyumba ndi kupyolera m'maiko akunja ndi ndalama zopitira kunja.
  • [[FLT :0] Kuloŵa m'zitsulo zamakono ndi luso losungira zinthu kuti azitha kulowa m'maola a dzuŵa ndi mphepo.
  • Kusonkhanitsa ntchito zobiriŵira m'magawo monga kudutsa kwa onse, kumanga mafashoni, ndi ulimi wokhoza kusungidwa.

JCP yakhala yokangalika kwambiri makamaka m'zochitika za kumaloko zotsutsana ndi kumangidwa kwa malo amalasha, pamene kuli kwakuti CDP ili ndi malamulo a nyengo ogwirizana omwe angachepetse zomata. Ma 2022 fightwave ndi kuwonjezereka kwa nyengo yamphamvu zapereka changu ku malingaliro ameneŵa.

Kulingana kwa Mabanja ndi Ufulu Wachimuna

Asilikali a ku Japan amalephera kulingana ndi amuna ndi akazi.

  • [[MLT:0] Kupereka lamulo lofuna mlingo wa statiss ya mabungwe a kampani ndi oloŵa ndale zadziko (CDP imavomereza 30% akazi podzafika 2030).
  • Malipiro a ntchito yolingana , kutseka mpata wa malipiro a mwamuna ndi mkazi (pakali pano pafupifupi 25%).
  • Malamulo oletsa kupsa mtima otetezera anthu kuntchito ndi kuvutitsidwa mwakugonana.
  • Kukhazikitsa ukwati ndi mayanjano a kugonana kofanana [1] , pamene kuli kwakuti makampani ena akupereka kale zikalata za mgwirizano, lamulo la dziko silimazindikira kugwirizana kwa kugonana komweko. CDP ndi JCP imachirikiza kulingana kwa ukwati, ndipo Reiwa Shinsengumi wapereka mlandu wotokosa chiletso.
  • Kukulitsa njira yopezera mwana [[FL:1] ndi tchuthi cha makolo, kuphatikizapo tchuthi chapathupi, kuti athetse mlingo wotsika wa kubala.

Mu 2023, CDP inakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kutembenuza anthu, limene LDP inathira pansi asanadutsepo ndi kuwonjezera nkhondo yolimbana ndi LGBTQ + chinjirizo.

Kusintha Maphunziro ndi Mphamvu za Achinyamata

Anthu amene akupita patsogolo amaona kuti maphunziro ndi othandiza kuti anthu aziyenda bwino komanso kuti azigwirizana ndi anthu ena.

  • Kupanga koleji yopanda mwambo kapena yosatchuka kwambiri ; achichepere ambiri a ku Japan amathodwa ndi ngongole ya ophunzira, ndipo kubadwa pa mayunivesite a dziko kwakwera m'zaka khumi zapitazo.
  • Kuchepetsa kukula kwa makalasi ndi kulemba aphunzitsi ambiri kuti awongolere mkhalidwe wa maphunziro.
  • Kusonkhezera malingaliro osuliza ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa masukulu [[FL:1] kuloŵeza pamtima ndi mabuku ophunzirira zautundu.
  • Cholinga cha maphunziro okakamiza kuphatikiza pa sukulu yasekondale [[FL:1], imene tsopano ili yosasankha, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi onse amabwerapo.

Cholinga cha zimenezi n’chakuti dziko la Japan lithe kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa maphunziro, kumene ndalama zimene mabanja amapeza zimaneneratu kuti anthu adzapeza maphunziro abwino.

Ufulu wa Ntchito ndi Zitetezo za Antchito

Kukula kwa “chuma chapamwamba” ndi ntchito yosakhala yapansi kwachititsa malonda a ntchito ziŵiri. Magulu opita patsogolo achirikiza malamulo a kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu:

  • Malipiro anthaŵi zonse ndi osachitidwa ndi antchito wamba akuchita ntchito imodzimodziyo.
  • Mabungwe ogwira ntchito olimbitsa ndi ogwirizana ochirikiza ufulu wopereka, makamaka ku mabizinesi aang’ono ndi osalimba.
  • Kutsimikizira kuchotsedwa kosayenera [ ndi kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa antchito kuvomereza zoyenera zawo.
  • Kuyambitsa lamulo lolipilira tchuthi chodwala (nthaŵi ino si chiyeneretso chalamulo).

Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Japan chakhala ndi mbiri yaitali ya ntchito yaukapolo, ndipo CDP yagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a zamalonda kupanga “Kusintha kwa Masinthidwe a Ntchito” ndalama zimene zimapyola masinthidwe apamwamba ochitidwa pansi pa Abe.

Kukonza Zinthu Mosiyanasiyana

Magulu opita patsogolo apanga mipando yochepera koma yokhoza kupambana. M'chosankha chachikulu cha 2021, CDP inapata mipando 96 (kuchokera mu 465), kuipanga kukhala chipani chotsutsa chachikulu koposa. JCP inasunga mipando 10, ndipo Reiwa Shinsengumi analandira mipando itatu. M'chosankha cha 2022 Upper House, mgwirizano wotsutsa (kuphatikizapo CDP, JCP, ndi SDP) unasunga mipando yokwanira kutsekereza malamulo. Masankho a kumaloko aona anthu oyembekezera kupambana mpikisano wa otchuka m'mizinda yonga Yokosoloka ndi Kyokia, kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kuthamanga pa mapulatifomu otsutsa malo okhalako ndi manyukiliya.

Magulu ameneŵa agwiritsiranso ntchito makampani olinganiza udzu, kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta a mayanjano ndi ndalama zothandizira kuletsa osunga zipata zamwambo za wailesi. JCP imayendetsa gulu la malo a boma omwe amapereka chithandizo chaulere ndi kukambirana kwa anthu, kumanga chikhulupiriro m'madera a m'matauni. Reiwa Shinsengumi wagwiritsira ntchito mawilo a majeremusi, monga ngati kukhazikitsa “Yoube msonkho” pa makampani aakulu a tekinoloji. Mosasamala kanthu za zoyesayesa zimenezi, LDP imakhalabe yochirikiza, makamaka m'madera akumidzi kumene kumakhala kulumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nyama za ngulu.

Mavuto ndi Zopinga Zopinga Kusintha Kopita Patsogolo

Njira Yoyendera ndi Malo

Mabungwe a chigawo chimodzi a Japan amayanja kwambiri LDP, imene ili ndi mabungwe aakulu a kumaloko ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu ndi makampani a zaulimi, makampani omanga, ndi bungwe lamphamvu la zamankhwala. Zipani zopita patsogolo kaŵirikaŵiri zimagaŵana chivoti cha chitsutso, kulola Ofuna kupambana ndi 30 peresenti ya mavoti. Pamene kuli kwakuti CDP ndi JCP nthaŵi zinapanga mapangano a osankhidwa (m.g., mu 2021 iwo amagwirizanitsa anthu ofuna kukwatira m'zigawo 150 , kugwirizana koteroko kumakhala kopanda vuto. Mtsogoleri wa mbiri yakale wa Otsutsa am'bango ndi odzitsutsa yekha ndi otsutsa.

Kufalitsa Nkhani ndi Kukayikira za Anthu

Atsogoleri a gulu lopita patsogolo kaŵirikaŵiri amadandaula kuti akunyalanyazidwa kapena kutchulidwa. Ndiponso, mbali ya malingaliro osankhidwawo akupitirizabe monga “osagwirizana ndi Japan" kapena osinthasintha, makamaka pankhani zonga ngati kusatsatsa malonda ndi ukwati wa anthu auchinyama. Kuukira 9 / 11 ndi North Korea kwalimbikitsanso kutetezeka kwa anthu achikulire.

Kugaŵanika kwa Mkati ndi Malingaliro Ogaŵanika

Msasa wopita patsogolo suli wa msasa wa munthu mmodzi. CDP ndi gulu lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo kumasuka kochepa, omwe kale anali mamembala a DPJ, ndi amene kale anali a social. JCP imasunga kaimidwe kabwino ka kumanja pa nkhani zachuma. Reiwa Shinsengumi ndi populalist ndi kutsutsa. Kusiyana kumeneku nthaŵi zina kumaletsa kutumiza mauthenga mogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, pa malamulo a chitetezo, CDP imaphatikizapo mamembala amene amachirikiza Magulu a Unefese pambali pankhondo za Ankhondo za Azachuma, pamene JCP amafuna kuti athetsere ku SDF. Kutsutsana koteroko kungagwiritsiridwe ntchito ndi A LDP, amene amadzisonyeza kukhala okhazikika.

Mphamvu ya Makampani Sizingatheke

Ngakhale pamene ngongole zowonjezereka zayambitsidwa, sizimachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. LDP imalamulira unyinji wa nyumba zonse ziŵiri za Diet, ndi mnzake wake Komeito [1] chipani chachibuda chosunga mwambo . Zipani zopita patsogolo zagwiritsira ntchito njira ndi mkupiti wochedwetsa kusintha ndalama za boma (m’chingapo, kuwonjezera chisamaliro cha ana m’ma 2023), koma kusintha kwakukulu kwa mabungwe kukuvutabe.

Mtsogolo mwa Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe a Anthu ku Japan

Kusintha Malingaliro a Ufulu ndi Makhalidwe a Anthu

Chiŵerengero cha anthu cha Japan chikukalamba, koma achichepere (pansi pa 30) akupitirizabe kuwonjezereka pa nkhani za kakhalidwe ndi malo okhala. Kufufuza kwa 2022 kochitidwa ndi Japan Youth Summit kunapeza kuti 70 peresenti ya achichepere anachirikiza ukwati wa kugonana, ndi 60% anaika patsogolo kachitidwe ka mkhalidwe wa dziko ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chuma. Osankha 2023 a m'dzikolo anaona wosankha achichepere olembedwa m'maledi ena a m’tauni. Ngati chikhoterero chimenechi chipitirizabe, magulu opita patsogolo angapeze mphamvu yolimba mwa kusonkhanitsa achichepere ovota ndi kuwaloŵetsa m’makompyuta.

Mabuku a Boma Okhala ndi Anthu Ochuluka

Ngakhale kuti sikwabwino kuti chipani chimodzi chopita patsogolo chipambane chinzake posachedwapa, maboma ogwirizana ali otheka. Boma la DPJ la 2009 linasonyeza kuti LDP lingachotsedwe, ngakhale kuti mgwirizanowo unagwa chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito ndi vuto la Fukushima. Ngati CDP, JCP, ndi Reiwa Shinsengumi ikhoza kusungitsa malo ogwirizana, ndipo ngati Komeito asankha kuswa LDP /a pakati kumanja kwa boma likhoza kutuluka. Boma lotero likhoza kuwonjezera kusintha zinthu: kukulitsa, kuwonjezera malipiro, ndi kukonzanso mphamvu.

Chisonkhezero pa Lamulo la LDP

Ngakhale popanda ulamuliro, zipani zopita patsogolo zasamuka ku Overton. LDP yayamba kuvomereza mawu opita patsogolo, monga ngati Nduna Yaikulu ya Kishida , “kapitalizimu watsopano” imene imagogomezera kupeputsa chuma. Mu 2023, boma linakweza malipiro ocheperapo ndi 3%, ndi kuyambitsa “Ana ndi Mabanja . Kugwirizanitsa chisamaliro cha ana. Malingaliro aŵiriwa anachirikizidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi magulu otsutsa. LDP inaperekanso lamulo losokoneza LGBTQ+ kumvetsetsa lamulo, kuletsa malo otchuka pa ukwati wofanana.

Ntchito ya Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Chitsenderezo cha Padziko Lonse

Mabungwe opita patsogolo saali okha ofuna kusintha. Ma GEO monga Amnesty International Japan, Greenpeace Japan, ndi Anetwork ya Women’s Parace agwirizana ndi andale zadziko kupititsa patsogolo zoyenera za anthu ndi zikhumbo za malo okhala. Mabungwe apadziko lonse onga ngati UN atsutsa kusalingana kwa Japan kwa amuna ndi akazi, mphamvu ya nyukliya, ndi kuvomerezedwa kochepera kwa othaŵa nkhondo. Kupenda kwa kunja kumeneku kumapereka zipolopolo zoma kuti magulu opita patsogolo alimbane ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse.

Kumaliza: Kusintha Kowonjezereka kwa Kulekanitsa Japan

Magulu opita patsogolo a Japan amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu: gulu lolamulira lokhazikika kwambiri, dongosolo lopanga masankho limene limalanga zipani zazing'ono, ndi anthu amene amasamala za kusintha kofulumira. Komabe kusamala kwawo kwachititsa mavuto aakulu . Kulingana kwa zinthu, nyengo, kusagwirizana kwa akazi, kusankhana pakati pa anthu. Kuphatikizapo anthu opanga zigwirizano zaudzudzu, mapangano olinganiza, ndi kuyesayesa kwa lamulo kopitirizabe, iwo ayamba kale kutengera malamulo. Njira ya ku Japan yopita ku kupita patsogolo kwenikweni idzakhala yaitali, koma chisonkhetso chomakula cha achichepere otembenuza ndi kufalikira kwa anthu ndi zinthu zachilengedwe chimasonyeza kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe sikuli kukayikira ngati, koma pamene. Openyerera andale zadziko za Japan ayenera kupitirizabe kuyang’anira magulu aang’ono, chifukwa chakuti iwo angafotokoze bwino njira ya dzikolo.

Zopereka zakunja zowonjezera kuŵerenga: ([[FLT: 0] Chipani cha Democratic Party cha Japan cha malo alamulo ), ( Times za Japan kusanthula mgwirizano wotsutsa [), ([[FLT:] Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu [Chipani Chingelezi ), ( World Econom Forum Gender Marpoge 2022 [[FL:7]]), ([FLT:] , [[FLT] Npon.com'zochitika pa [FLT] [F]