Malamulo oyang'anira madzi a mkuntho akhala chida chovuta kwa oyang'anira malo osungira zinthu, oyang'anira zinthu zopinga kuchuluka kwa matauni ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. M'mbiri, madzi a mkuntho anaonedwa kukhala ovutitsa kuchotsedwa mofulumira ndi kudutsa pa mapaipi ndi mchenga. Lerolino, madongosolo atsopano okonzanso madzi a mkuntho monga chothandizira kuyang'anira. Njira zamakono zimenezi zoyendera zachilengedwe, luso la zopanga zinthu zamakono, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kuti achepetse kusefukira, kuteteza madzi, ndi kumanga malo okhala ndi malo a m'dera. Chisinthiko kuchokera ku zopimira zoyera ndi kusinthira, ziwiringiringiritsira ndi ziŵiro zimasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu m'njira imene mizinda imakonzera mvula ndi kuthamanga.

Malo Obiriwira: Njira Yachilengedwe Yothetsera Mavuto

Green bisduction (GI) ndi yoyambirira pa njira zatsopano za madzi a mkuntho. Mosiyana ndi njira zamwambo zimene zimayendetsa kulowa m'mitsempha ya zimbudzi, GI imagwiritsira ntchito zomera, dothi, ndi maainjini kuti agwire, ndi kusefa madzi a mvula pamene agwera. Njirayi imatsanzira madzi achilengedwe ndipo imapatsa zinthu zambiri zokokera, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwa mpweya, kutentha kwa chisumbu cha m’tauni, ndi kuwonjezera malo a zosangulutsa.

Ziŵalo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito

. Malo otchuka kwambiri a GI ndi monga madenga obiriŵira, maluŵa oyenda bwino, ndi malo otentha. Malo a Green, oikidwa pamwamba pa nyumba, angasunge 50-80% ya mvula yapachaka. Minda yamvula ndi yosalimba kwambiri yobzalidwa ndi mitundu ya zamoyo ya anthu yamtundu wa Gi. Malo oyenda otetezeka amalola madzi kuloŵa m’malo ozungulira monga kuimika ndi mzere, kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi kusungunutsa zinthu. Urbalbay ndi kukonza madzi a mkunthochi pamene akusamalira nyama za kutsogolo. Mizinda yambiri tsopano imalamulira Gi m'maluso atsopano kapena kupereka ziwiro zamphamvu zimene zimakhudza zinthu zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, Portland, Oregon, ikufuna kuti 10% ya malo osungirako madzi a GI, ikumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zamakono.

Kukonzanso za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kumawonjezera ku kumanga nyumba zimene zilipo. Makwalala angakonzedwe ndi njira zopindulira zimene zimagulidwa ndi mabuleki. Maprojekiti ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizana ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu, monga kukonza njira kapena kuunikira misewu, kuwonjezera ndalama zimene zikufunika. Environmental Protection Agency imapereka malangizo aakulu pa GI, ndipo maboma ambiri ayamba kutsatira miyezo yopanga kuti agwire ntchito mogwirizana. Kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza chuma cha EPA, kuyendera [FLD:0] Luso la maluwa.

Mfundo Zothandiza Kukonza Zinthu Zaudzu

Makampani amathandiza kwambiri kuwonjezera mlingo wa GI. Malo a magetsi a magetsi, ofala m’mizinda yambiri ya United States, amalipira eni katundu wodalira pa malo osawonongeka a m'dziko lawo. Kulimbikitsa anthu kuti atengere ana a GI, ma thiretsi amapereka ngongole kapena kuchepetsa chifukwa choika minda yamvula, zitsime, kapena malo osungiramo zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, Philadelphia's "Green City, Pulogalamu ya Madzi Oyera" imachititsa eni ake a katundu kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kudzera m'ngongolereyi. Kuwonjezera apo, amapereka mapulogalamu oyendetsera ntchito yothandiza boma kapena mabungwe othandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera. Malamulo a m'madzi a Theransi kuti asakhale ndi mphamvu yosavuta kulamulira, monga ngati masentimita awiri oyambirira.

Chikhoterero china chimene chikubuka ndicho kugwiritsira ntchito "kugulitsa madzi otentha" kapena maprogramu a ngongole, kumene eni malo amene amagulitsa malo mopambanitsa madzi a mphepo ya mkuntho angagulitse ngongole kwa awo amene sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunika pa . Njira imeneyi yozikidwa pa msika imachititsa chipambano ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zoyendetsera. Mwachitsanzo, Washington, D.C., ali ndi programu ya kukongola kwa ndalama zimene zasonkhezera kusungidwa kwa chuma chaumwini m'mizinda yonse.

Kusintha kwa Umisiri pa Kuyang’anira Madzi Am’madzi Osefukira

Luso la zopangapanga likusintha mmene matauni, mapulogalamu, ndi makompyuta oteteza madzi a m’nyanja. Zinthu zenizeni za m’nthawi ya makompyuta komanso zanyengo zimatheketsa kuti makompyuta azitha kusintha zinthu. Kusintha kumeneku kuchoka pa zipangizo zamakono n’kusintha n’kukhala zanzeru, kumakhala maziko a njira zamakono zoyendera madzi a mphepo.

Anthu Odziwa Kumva ndi Kulemba Zinthu

Zipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito popanda foni zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira matebulo, mapaipi, ndi zinthu zina zobiriwira zimapima mlingo wa madzi, kayendedwe, kutentha kwa madzi, ndi mvula. Chidziŵitso chimenechi chimatumizidwa ku mapulatifomu apakati kumene ma algoritimenti a kusefukira ndi kukonza bwino madongosolo a zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo zingaone pamene malo opangira zinthu zachilengedwe akuyandikira ndi zizindikiro kuti achezetse madzi kapena malo osungirako kapena ochiritsira. Matauni onga South Bend, Indiana, ndi Copenhagen ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito "marts" ndi madongosolo amene amasintha njira zamakono panthaŵi yeniyeni kuti atetezere. Malusowa amachirikizidwa ndi malamulo amene amafunika kapena kukonza zinthu zoyendera zinthu ndi kugawanyangira. Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi womapanga maluso amakono ndi kukonza makompyuta, ndi kukonza machenjera amakono amakono amakono.

Anealytics amatheketsanso kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali. Mwakupenda mbiri ya mvula ndi njira zoyendera, mainjiniya angaone malo osavuta ndi kukonza bwino zinthu. Madongosolo a zadongosolo amene amatheketsa kupenda dongosolo la zinthu ndi mapulani oyendera bwino amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti kuikizira kuli kokhudza madata-drive. Mwachitsanzo, mizinda ina ikufuna maluso apamwamba a madzi a mphepo kuti ikhale ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi chidziŵitso chamakono. Makina othandiza pa migwirizano ya madzi apamwamba akupezeka kuchokera ku Magazine ya madzi, imene imakhudza kufufuza ndi luso la zopanga za sayansi.

Njira Zosinthira Zinthu

Madongosolo oyendetsera zinthu amaphatikiza kuyang'anira nthaŵi yeniyeni ndi zipata zoyendera, mapomppo, ndi ma valve kuyendetsa mokangalika madzi a mkuntho . Madongosolo ameneŵa angachepetse kusefukira kwa madzi onyansa mwa kusunga madzi kwa kanthaŵi m’mipope kapena matanki m’nyengo ya mvula yaikulu ndi kuwatulutsa pambuyo pake kuti athandize kuyang'anira. Kuthandiza kwa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa mphamvu inayake ya kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya zinthu kapena kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Madongosolo owonjezera moyo angalowetsenso zinthu zobiriŵira ndi zobiriwira ndi zoyera mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula zomangira zochokera ku denga la biriŵirira ndi ziŵiro zotsala. Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera mapindu achilengedwe ndi opanga.

Komanso, mapasa opangidwa ndi manambala [1] Ogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamadzi apamtunda otentha, amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera njira zolamulira popanda kusokoneza ntchito zenizeni. Akuti anthu amene amalimbikitsa njira zotsegulira makompyuta ndi kugwirizana kwa ogulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana n’zofunika kuti apeze njira zopimira zinthu zimenezi. Makampani akuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika pa moyo wawo kuti akonzetsedwe bwino.

Kutenga Chisonkhezero cha Lamulo ndi Chigwirizano cha Anthu

Kuyendetsa bwino madzi a mphepo ya mkuntho kumafuna kuchirikiza anthu ndi kusintha khalidwe. Malamulo osinthasintha zinthu amakhudza anthu okhala m’dzikolo, amalonda, ndi a m'magulu a anthu pokonzekera ndi kukwaniritsa. Njira imeneyi yothandizana imatsimikizira kuti njira zothetsera ndi zoyenerera m’deralo, imamanga likulu la kakhalidwe ka anthu, ndipo imachirikiza uyang’aniro wanthaŵi yaitali.

Maphunziro ndi Kuloŵerera

Makampani a maphunziro a boma achititsa anthu kuzindikira za zotsatirapo za kuipitsa kwa madzi otentha ndi phindu la nyumba zobiriwira. Mizinda yambiri imapatsa malo ochitirako maluŵa, mapulogalamu a maluwa, ndi sukulu zophunzitsa anthu mmene angaikire migolo ya mvula, maluŵa a zomera, ndi kuchepetsa malo osawonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, programu ya Seattle Rain Piep imapereka mayeso aulere aulere ndi mapepala othandizira eni nyumba amene amaika minda ya mvula kapena madamu. Nthaŵi zambiri kukwera masukulu kumachitidwa m’madera amene ali pangozi ya chigumula cha madzi a mphepo. Polies angalamulire ndalama zothandizira kuthandizira maphunziro ndi ntchito zaubwenzi.

Kugwirizana kothandiza kumaphatikizaponso njira zokonzera zinthu zimene anthu a m’dera lawo angathandize kukonza njira zopangira mabomba otentha m’madera ena. Izi zingaphatikizepo misonkhano ya onse, kufufuza kwa pa Intaneti, ndi kupanga mapulani. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhulupirirana ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ntchitozo zizioneka ngati zofunika kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe Chozikidwa pa Mfundo Zabwino

Kuchokera pa maphunziro, zisonkhezero zandalama zimasonkhezera mwachindunji kuvomerezedwa kwa makampani oyendetsa madzi a mkuntho. Monga momwe tatchulira poyamba, ngongole za madzi a mkuntho nzofala. Zina zimaphatikizapo kubwezeredwanso kaamba ka kuika denga la biribiri kapena padera lokhoza kuikidwa, misonkho ya zomangira zimene zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya zinthu zimene zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadera, ndi mabotolo aakulu a zinthu zimene zimaposa zofunika za malamulo. Mizinda ina imapatsa ndalama zokwerera ndalama zotsikirapo kaamba ka madzi okongola a chimphepo. Malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amaikidwa pamodzi ndi malamulo amene amafuna kuyang'anira magalimoto a magalimoto a m'popeto ndi kukonzedwanso kwatsopano. Kuphatikizana kwa magalimoto ndi ndodo kupangitsa chitukuko champhamvu cha ndalama zaumwini.

Njira ina yatsopano ndiyo kugwirizanitsa kuyendetsa madzi a mphepo kukhala maprogramu a kutha kwa nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, njira za Portland "Gree Affordal Home" zimapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito za GiI m'zochitika zotsika zopezera nyumba, panthaŵi imodzi kuchepetsa madzi osefukira ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu okhalamo. Policies amene amagwirizanitsa kuyendetsa madzi apanyanja ku zonulirapo zina za mzinda. Kulimba kwa nyengo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, ndi kuchirikiza kokhala ndi kokhala ndi malo oyenera. United Nations Environment Programme yasonyeza kuti kuyendetsa bwino kwa mizinda; onani [FLT:] njira zawo zothetsera mavuto a madzi [NT]

Ubwino wa Kusintha M’madzi Otentha

Kusintha kwa kuyendetsa madzi osanganiza, obiriŵira, ndi okongola kumapatsa mapindu owonekera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana.

  • Kuchinjiriza ndi kupirira kwa madzi [1] — Mwakutenga ndi kugwetsa pang'onopang'ono, nyumba zobiriŵira zimachepetsa kukwera kwa madzi ndi kuchepetsa ngozi ya kusefukira kwa matauni ndi m'mitsinje. Madongosolo aluso amaperekanso machenjezo enieni a nthaŵi ndi zotetezera zoyendera galimoto kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zowopsa.
  • Kulimba kwa madzi ndi moyo wa zamoyo . . . . . . . kuchotsa zoipitsa monga zitsulo zolemera, zomanga thupi, ndi mabakiteriya kuchokera ku madzi otentha asanalandire madzi. Zimenezi zimatetezera malo okhala m’madzi ndi kuchirikiza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwabwino kwa zosangulutsa.
  • Njinga zothandiza ndi zodalirika . Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa kutsogolo ungakhale wokwera, GI ndi makompyuta kaŵirikaŵiri amachepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa pa nthaŵi yaitali mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito popopa, kuchepetsa kukonza, ndi kupeŵa kuwonjezera kwa mtengo kwa zinthu zoyera. Zimaperekanso ma pulogalamu ogwirizana monga kuziziritsa ndi carbon .
  • Kuzindikira kwa chitaganya ndi kutengamo mbali [1] — nzika zokhalamo zikhale oyang'anira chuma cha madzi a mphepo yamkuntho, kuchititsa kukonza bwino ndi kuyanjana kwamphamvu. Maprogramu a kusungitsa anafalitsanso mtolo wa zandalama molingana kwambiri kwa eni chuma.
  • Kusintha ndi kugonetsa [1] , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mapindu ameneŵa si ongopeka; mizinda yambiri yalemba za kuwongolera kwakukulu pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito njira zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, programu ya zomangamanga zobiriŵira za Philadelphia imayembekezeredwa kutenga malita 1.5 biliyoni a madzi a mkuntho chaka chilichonse omangidwa mokwanira, pamene kuli kwakuti ikupanganso ntchito zobiriŵira ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wa zinthu.

Kufufuza Zomwe Anachita Kuti Agwire Bwino Ntchito

Kupenda zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko kumasonyeza mmene njira zatsopano za kachitidwe zimasinthira ku zotulukapo zotsimikizirika. kufufuza kuŵiri kotchuka ndi Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ndi Copenhagen, Denmark.

[[FLT: 0] Programu ya Filadelphia Green City, Cleena Waters Program , : Inayamba mu 2011, kukonza bwino imeneyi ikufuna kuyang'anira madzi osefukira kudzera m'zipinda zobiriwira m'malo mofutukulira matope a pansi panthaka. Programuyo imalamulidwa ndi lamulo lofuna kuti mzindawo uchepetse kusefukira kwa madzi onyansa ophatikiza ndi 85% pa zaka zoposa 25. Pachaka, Philadelphia wamanga minda yamvula, mabokosi obza, ndi maboti okongola kudutsa katundu wa anthu ndi wachinsinsi. Mzindawu umapereka ngongole ku zinthu zosakhala za m'madzi zimene zimayendera malowo, zimene zasonkhezera malonda aumwini. Programu ya pachaka yasonyeza kutsika kwa kukwera kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa Schelny ndi ku Delmas. [Doume Fila:]

Copenhagen's Disign Management Plan [FLT:] : Pambuyo pa kukumana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kosakaza mu 2011 Copenhagen adapanga mapulani opanga maluwa obiriŵira ndi bluu omwe amagwirizanitsa malo obiriŵira ndi otetezeka ndi nthaŵi yeniyeni. Mzindawu umagwiritsira ntchito "njira zitatu" zimene zimaphatikizapo: (1) Kumanganso malo akumeneko kudzera m’maluŵa ndi m'nyumba zobiriwira; (2) kudutsa ndi "miyala ya thonje ya buluvird" imene imasunga madzi osefukira m’makwalala ndi m’madera ovuta. Mantha ndi magalimoto amayendetsa madzi mkati mwa mikuntho. Makonzedwewo amapanganso malo okongola, ndi mapolopesewera a m’mikwingwingwirima. Pamene kuli kuzungulira kwa mizinda ina yotchuka ndi kuzungulira.

Kufufuza nkhani imeneyi kumasonyeza kuti njira zatsopano sizimangotheka komanso zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Zikusonyeza kuti ndale zongofuna kutero ndiponso kukonza ndalama zosungidwa pa kampaniyo, zingapangitse kuti munthu asunge ndalamazo kwa nthawi yaitali ndiponso kuti athe kupirira.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo M’tsogolo

Ngakhale kuti pali lonjezo la malamulo atsopano a madzi a mkuntho, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka kumayang'anizana ndi mavuto angapo. Ndalama zidakali zopinga zazikulu, makamaka m’mizinda yakale yomwe ili ndi ndalama zochepa. Makampani a zamagetsi a m'nyanja angakhudze kwambiri zandale, ndipo ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za GI zimafuna kuthandizira anthu ambiri. Kukonza zipangizo zobiriwira monga kupalasa, kukonzanso madzi otere, ndi kukonzanso zochepetsa magetsi [1] kumachepetsa ndipo kumafunikiritsa kudzipereka kopitirizabe kwa madipatimenti kapena magulu a anthu. Kutetezeka ndi luso la zopangapangapanga zinthu kumabweretsanso mavuto aakulu kwambiri, makamaka m'mafakitale aang'ono omwe ali ndi luso la zopangapanga lapamwamba.

Njira za m’tsogolo za njira za mafunde za m'matope mwachionekere zidzasumika maganizo pa kusamalira mavuto ameneŵa mwa kulinganiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maluso atsopano. Zomangira za Green ndi ziyambukiro za kusungitsa ndalama za GI pamlingo wake. Mayanjano a anthu a paokha angabweretse ukatswiri ndi likulu ku ntchito za madzi otentha. Pambali ya luso la zopangapanga, kupita patsogolo m'luso ndi kuphunzira maawinjini kudzatheketsa ngakhale kulondola koposera ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu. Malamulo amene amafuna madongosolo apamwamba a kayendetsedwe ka moyo ndi kupenda moyo athandiza kutsimikizira kuti kuyendetsa ndalama kuyendetsa ndalama kumasungika.

Kuwonjezera apo, kusintha kwa nyengo kudzawonjezera kufunika kwa malamulo osinthasintha ndi osinthasintha. Malamulo amtsogolo angaphatikizepo "ziyeso za kupitirira" malamulo, kumene maziko a dongosolo akulinganizidwa kunyamula bwino zochitika za mvula yowopsa kupyola chimphepo cha mphepo. Njira zokhala ndi madzi owonongeka zimene zidzafalikira kwambiri kupyola malire a m'madera a m'chigawo. Madera a anthu ayenera kukhalabe pakati-pakati pa [1] Madera a anthu a kudera otsika, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri ndi malo obiriwirapo, amalandira ndalama zoikizira zofunika.

Kumaliza

Malamulo okonza njira zoyendetsera madzi a mphepo akusonyeza kuti mizinda imayenderana ndi madzi. Mwa kutsatira njira zobiriwira, kugwirizanitsa zinthu zamakono, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu, makampani angasinthe madzi a mphepo kuchokera ku chopinga chimene chimapangitsa kuti madzi akhale okhazikika ndi okhazikika. Mapindu a kuchepetsa madzi, kusintha kwa madzi, kukwera mtengo kwa ndalama, kusungidwa kwa zinthu, ndi kugwiridwa kwa anthu okhala ndi zigaŵenga kumakhala kolembedwa bwino kupyola zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko monga Philadelphia ndi Copenhagen. Komabe, ndale ya ndale, ndalama zokwanira, ndiponso kulinganiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuwonjezera kuchepetsa kuyandikira kumeneku. Kusintha kwa nyengo kukwera kwa mapangano, kukonza njira zatsopano za madzi a mkuntho sikuli njira yongofunika koma njira yothandiza kumanga tsogolo la m’mizinda.