Table of Contents
Lingaliro la kuonekera kwa boma lasintha kwambiri m'nyengo ya manambala. Kalelo lofotokozedwa ndi zosungira mapepala ndi malipoti osindikizidwa, kuonekera kwa zinthu tsopano kumaphatikizapo kutumiza kwadidi kwa nthaŵi, mapulogalamu a maprogramu otseguka (AIS), ndi kugwirizanitsa mwachindunji nzika kudzera m'manyuzipepala a za mayanjano. Pamene magulu a anthu ayamba kugwirizana kwambiri, ziyembekezo za nzika zasintha kuchoka pa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kupitiriza, kutseguka kwa mapepala, kutseguka kwa pulogalamu. Kusandulika kumeneku sikuli chabe kwa luso la zopangapanga zinthu, ndi chipangizo chomangira cha anthu.
Maziko a Mbiri Yake a Kuona Malo Oyenera m’Boma
Kufunafuna boma lotseguka kunayambira m’mbiri, kuyambira pa kulimbana ndi kubisa chinsinsi cha ufumu wa mfumu ndi kukhazikitsa pang’onopang’ono malamulo a demokrase. Kuonekera kwa zinthu pa Intaneti kusanayambe, kunali kosavuta: nzika zikhoza kupempha zikalata zakutizakuti, koma kaŵirikaŵiri kulephera kupeza umboni ndi kulipira kochepa.
Nyengo Yapambuyo Pake: Kubisa Zinthu ndi Kufuna Kusintha Zinthu
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, maboma anagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira lingaliro lachinsinsi lopanda lamulo. Zolemba za boma zinalingaliridwa kukhala chuma cha anthu apamwamba olamulira, opezeka kokha kwa anthu oŵerengeka amwaŵi. John Locke, Jean. Jaciques Rousseau, ndipo pambuyo pake James Madison .argue adanena kuti boma losaŵerengera kwa anthu linali loipa mwachibadwa. Komabe njira zalamulo zotsimikizirika zoonekera bwino zinawonekera pang’onopang’ono. Holy Freedom of the Press Act (17666) imatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala lamulo loyamba la kuonekera kwa dziko, koma inakhalabe yosadziŵika kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana aŵiri.
Ufulu wa Chidziŵitso (FOIA) ndi Chikhometso Chake cha Padziko Lonse
Nthaŵi yotsala inafika mu 1966 ndi lamulo la U.S. Ufulu wa Chidziŵitso ( FOIA [1] . FOIA inakhazikitsa lamulo lakuti munthu aliyense ali ndi kuyenera kwa kufunsira mafaelo a bungwe la boma, kusamutsira mtolo ku boma kuti alungamitse kubisa chidziŵitso. Lamulo limeneli losonkhezera malamulo ofanana padziko lonse: Canada’s Acces to Information Act (1992), Urrect of Information Act (1992), ndi UK’s Free of Information Act (2), podzafika kumayambiriro kwa 2000, maiko oposa makumi asanu ndi anayi adalandira mtundu wina wa kulowa kwa zaka zamakono.
Miyezo ndi Zigwirizano za Padziko Lonse Zosonyeza Kusintha
Pambali pa malamulo a dziko, mabungwe apadziko lonse anakhazikitsa malamulo oyenerera osonyezera kuwala. Open Government Partnership (] OGP , yomwe inayambitsidwa mu 2011, tsopano imaphatikizapo maiko oposa makumi asanu ndi aŵiri omwe anadzipereka kutsegula masinthidwe a boma. Mapangano monga Kutulutsa Industries Instries Transparency Implificie (ETI) yofuna kutulukira ndalama kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, pamene kuli kwakuti World Bank’s Open Data Charterder inalimbikitsa maboma kufalitsa madata apamwamba a mphamvu ya 76 posaiwala. Kuphatikiza malamulo a m'dziko lonse kumeneku kunachititsa nthaka yachitukuko ya zinthu zamakono.
Kusintha kwa Intaneti: Kuchoka pa Kusinthasintha Zinthu Kukayamba Kuonetsa Zinthu Mochita Kusintha
Intaneti inasintha kwambiri mmene kuwala kwa dzuwa kumaonekera. Maboma akanasintha “kudikira kuti apemphedwe". Kudikira kuti ayambe “kulimbikitsa zinthu zongochitika. . . . Ub inachititsa kuti mabuku a PDF azikhala ndi moyo, kuti apeze malo ofufuzira.
Kutsegula Makina Otumiza ndi Makina Okhoza Kuŵerengedwa
E93 Garnance ndi Kuonetsa Chisamaliro
Makampani oyendetsera zinthu a magetsi athandizanso kuonetsa bwino. Anthu tsopano angaone malo a mafomu a chilolezo, mapulogalamu oyendera mapulogalamu, ndi kuona mapepala ovota a nthumwi zawo pa Intaneti. Kampani ya ku Estonia imathandiza nzika iliyonse kuona kuti ndani wapeza mafaelo a zaumoyo ndi a za msonkho, kukonza njira yoonera zinthu. Kusintha kumeneku kuonekera bwino. Kudziwa bwino nthawi yeniyeni, chifukwa chake, ndiponso kwa amene boma linatenga mapepala.
Kuloŵa Umodzi ndi Nzika Kusintha ndi Kutengamo Mbali m’Kulinganiza Ndalama
Intaneti inanso yogwirizana ndi democracy. Mapulogalamu onga a kulinganiza bajeti yothandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito. Zida zonse zothandizira anthu kugawira ndalama za boma. Anthu ambiri amavomereza malamulo a boma . Monga momwe zimaonekera pa pulogalamu ya mu 2011 ya lamulo ndi pa Taiwan pa papulatifomu ya Taiwan . Ngakhale kuti si zonse zimene anthu ayesa kuchita popereka chithandizo kuti apeze ndalamazo, iwo amazindikira kuti kuoneka bwino: kuoneka si kumangoona zimene boma likuchita, koma kukonza pulogalamuyo mokangalika.
Kuona Malo Oyera Okhala ndi Malo Ochezera a Makompyuta
Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo kosatsutsika, nyengo ya makompyuta yayambitsa zopinga zatsopano ndi zokulitsa zakale.
Kubisa Thupi ndi Vuto la Kuona Bwino
Nkhani zofalitsa zikhoza kuvumbula poyera chidziŵitso cha munthu, kuyambira pa manambala a Social Security mpaka ku malo. Magulu a Democratic ayenera kulinganiza kuyenera kwa nzika kudziŵa ndi kuyenera kwa nzika kukhala zachinsinsi. General Data Protection Regial (GDPR) imasonyeza kupsinjika kumeneku: pamene kuli kwakuti imalimbitsa kulamulira kwa munthu aliyense pa chidziŵitso chake, nthaŵi zina imakakamiza maboma kusintha kapena kuchepetsa zolemba za anthu m'malo. Malamulo opanga nkhani amatenga njira yoikidwa ndi mawu osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito poteteza anthu ambiri pamene kuli kwakuti kulinganizako kukhoza kulephera kuchepetsa kuŵerengetsera.
Kusiyana kwa Makina: Kudzikokolola Mwakulinganiza
Kutseguka kwa chidziŵitso sikumatsimikizira kuonekera ngati nzika sizingathe kufika pa malo. Magawo amodzi akukhalabe oonekeratu: midzi, mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa, okalamba, ndi anthu olumala kaŵirikaŵiri alibe kugwirizanitsa, zipangizo, kapena kuŵerengera kwamakono kuti ayende pa Intaneti. Ku United States, pafupifupi 7% ya mabanja alibebe kupezeka pa Intaneti, ndi m'maiko ambiri omatukuka, mpata uyenera kuwonjezera kuwala kwa digitation ndi maraibulale a pa positi, maboti a wailesi, zilengezo za anthu, zilengezo za wailesi . .
Bureardiatic Resistance ndi “Open Data Paradox”
Ngakhale pamene malamulo akhazikitsa kumasuka, chikhalidwe cha anthu chikhoza kulepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Akuluakulu a boma angaletse chidziŵitso chifukwa cha kuopa kusanthula, kusoŵa maluso a zopangapanga, kapena kusoŵa kwaukatswiri. “kutsegulira chidziŵitso” kumafotokoza mikhalidwe imene maboma amafalitsa chidziŵitso chochuluka koma kuchipangitsa kukhala kosathandiza ndi masamu ovuta, olembedwa mopanda umboni, kapena otulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri. Popanda chikhalidwe cha kumasuka ndi chuma chokwanira cha kulongosola, malamulo oonekera bwino alipo kokha papepala. Kusintha kopindulitsa kumafuna maphunziro, zisonkhezero, ndi utsogoleri amene ali ndi thayo lakulamulira.
Kutulukira Zinthu Molakwika Ndiponso Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida
Chodabwitsa nchakuti, kupezeka kwa chidziŵitso kungasonkhezerenso kusokoneza. Oseŵera a Malungo angafalitse ziŵerengero za olemba, kupanga masamu, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zolembedwa zosakwanira kuchotsa chidaliro m'mabungwe a anthu. Mliri wa COVID . Wogwiritsa ntchito manambala oyambukiridwa ndi zothira zothirira anagwiritsidwa ntchito kubza. Maboma sayenera kufalitsa kokha chidziŵitso cholondola komanso kuloŵetsamo ntchito yodziŵa kulemba ndi kulemba, ngakhalenso kupenda bwino zinthu. Kuyang'ana molunjikiza popanda kudalirika ndi kumvetsetsa kwa omvetsera angabweretsere mavuto.
Kufufuza za Matenda: Kuona Malo Moyenera kwa Boma
Zitsanzo za dziko lapansi zasonyeza kuti pali mavuto ena.
United States: Data.gov ndi Boma Lotseguka
Mu 2009, Data .gov inali maziko a Prezidenti Oma’’s Open Government Itiative . Ilo logwirizana ndi mafashoni a boma [1] kuchokera ku zolembedwa za nyengo kukafika ku mayeso a chipatala . ndi kulimbikitsa okonza makampani kumanga mapulogalamu. U.S. adakhazikitsanso bungwe la OPEN Government Data Act (209), limene linagwirizanitsa kutsegulira ufulu ndi mabungwe a boma kuti afalitse chidziŵitso m'makampani [1] Mafomu ojambula ndi osinthasinthasinthasintha zinthu. Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi yayamba kuyang'anira ndalama ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo, imakhalabeben'kaben'kabe ku pepala lapadziko lonse lapansi kuti likhale ndi kutchuka. Kupambana kosadziwika kuphatikizapotoza malonda.
Estonia: Boma Loona Zinthu Mwapadera Kwambiri
Estonia amatchuka kwambiri monga bungwe lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse logwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. XÚRoad imalumikizana ndi makompyuta a anthu onse ndi a anthu okha, kutheketsa nzikazo kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera za thanzi, mbiri yovota, zolemba za misonkho, ndi zojambula zamaphunziro kudzera pa khadi limodzi. Chitsanzo cha dzikolo chimapitirira: ntchito iliyonse ya boma, kuphatikizapo amene anaona kuti njira za mankhwala za wodwala n’zovomerezeka ndi zofufuzidwa. Kupambana kwa Estonia kumachokera pa kutengera chikhalidwe cha kusintha kwa makompyuta, kugulitsa ndalama zamakono, ndi malamulo alamulo amene amatsimikizira nzika kuti zithe kuyang'anira chidziŵitso chawo. Komabe, otsutsa akuona kuti anthu aang'ono, a kampani, angaone kuti njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
United Kingdom: Accounk ndi Open Data Institute
. UK inayambitsa chidziŵitso.gov.uk mu 2010 pansi pa utsogoleri wa Sir Tim Berneś́ LEE . Troshal Nigel Shadbolt imapereka masande a masamu ambirimbiri pa upandu, zoyendera, maphunziro, ndi ndalama za anthu. Chiwonjezero chapadera chinali kupangidwa kwa kampani ya Open Data yosapanga zinthu (] OD ), imene imayendetsa maboma ndi mabizinesi m'zofalitsa. UK inayambitsanso “malamulo a zachinsinsi otsegulira zinthu . [malamulo], osavuta kupezeka, ovomerezeka, ovomerezeka, ovomerezedwa m'mayiko ambiri. Zovuta zikupitirizabe, kuphatikizapo kutsimikizira maluso ndi kukonza chidziŵitso aungwe.
Kenya: Chipangizo chotchedwa Open Data Trailblazer cha ku Africa
Kenya inatsegula pulogalamu yoyamba ya ku Africa mu 2011, kufalitsa ndalama za boma, ziŵerengero za anthu, ndi masamu a anthu. Kuyamba kukonza zinthu zina pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zigaŵenga za masankho mu 20072002008, ndipo nkhani zodziwika bwino zija zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso anthu. Makampani a ku Kenya a boma, [1] Masitolo oimika pa Intaneti pofufuza njira zofunsira ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma. Ngakhale kuti mayiko akutukuka akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono komanso zitseko zandale, Kenya ikusonyeza kuti: Kupambana kudalirana ndi mayiko pa mfundo zandale ndiponso kugwirizana kwawo ndi mabungwe monga Transparency International.
Ntchito Yosintha ya Ofalitsa Nkhani m’Boma Yoona Zinthu Moyenera
Mapulogalamu oulutsira nkhani ayamba kukhala njira zofunika kwambiri zosonyezera nthaŵi yeniyeni yoonekera, koma amayambitsanso ngozi zazikulu.
Kulankhulana Koyenera ndi Kukonzanso Kofulumira
Makampani tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito Twitter (X), Facebook, ndi WhatsApp kuuza ena nkhani, machenjezo a nyengo, ndi zilengezo za malamulo. Pakachitika masoka achilengedwe, mapulatifomu amatheketsa kuti madansi a anthu a kumudzi atulukire ndi malo osungira zinthu. Makampani amalo osiyanasiyana amalolanso nzika kudutsa osunga zipata za wailesi ndi akuluakulu a boma amene amafunsa mafunso mwachindunji, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti adziwitse mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mawu a mbusa angoganiziridwa ndi maso zikwizikwi.
Kuyang’anira ndi Kuphulitsa kwa Anthu Ambiri
Mafomu onga Reddit ndi magulu opatulidwa amatheketsa nzika kupenda mogwirizana mfundo za boma. “mantha odabwitsa [1] pulojekiti . Kumene anthu odzifunira agwirizana malipoti otsatizana otsatizana otsatizanatsa malonda m'mayiko ambiri. Makampani a zamalonda aperekanso njira youlutsirana umboni ndi atolankhani, monga momwe zikuonekera ku Panama Papers ndi kufufuza kotsatira. Komabe, zipangizo zimodzimodzizo zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kuvutitsa atumiki a boma kapena kufalitsa milandu yosaimbidwa motsutsana ndi mfundo zomveka bwino, zofunikira zitsogozetsa ndi zitetezero zalamulo za chikhulupiriro cha [1]
Ngozi za Kupotoza Makina a Malo Okhala ndi Malo Okhala ndi Malamulo Ogometsa
Pamene kuli kwakuti makompyuta a makampani angachititse kuonekera bwino, kungakusokonezeninso. Malamulo amakulitsa mawu ochititsa chidwi kapena osocheretsa, kupanga malo kumene nzika zimawona kokha chidziŵitso chimene chimachirikiza tsankho lomwe liripo. Maboma a makampani a zaunyinji angapambulidwe ndi troll kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosankha ku chidziŵitso chabwino. Kuti athetse zitsenderezo zimenezi, maakaunti a boma ayenera kukhazikitsa mfundo zapamwamba, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi mfundo zenizeni. Maboma ena agwiritsira ntchito “mitepi yosonyezera kuonekera kwa [1] Kuyang'anira zoulutsira mawu a anthu kaamba ka kusocheretsedwa ndi kuwongolera mbiri ya nthaŵi yeniyeni.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu M’tsogolo: Njira za Umisiri ndi Zomwe Zikusintha
Zaka khumi zotsatira zidzabweretsa zida zatsopano zimene zingasinthe kwambiri mmene maboma amagawira zinthu ndi mmene nzika zimazigwiritsira ntchito.
Luntha Lopanga ndi Kusintha Mochita Kusintha
AI angapange mavolyumu aakulu a zinthu zopanda malangizo . "malembo olembedwa, ma email, ma percentage , maripoti auniversity . Malamulo angalephere kujambula zinthu zofunikira, kusanthula malingaliro aumwini aunyinji asanayambe kufalitsidwa. Komabe, , iI imakhalanso ndi ngozi yoyambitsa tsankho: ngati maphunziro asonyeza mbiri yakale, zipangizo zosonyezera kuonekera bwino zingalimbitse tsankho. Maboma ayenera kuyambitsa kutsendereza, madongosolo opendedwa a AIP, oyenera kupendedwa kaamba ka kuwonekera ndi kuphatikizapo anthu m'chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe abwino.
Kutsekereza Zolembedwa Zosapeŵeka
Luso la zojambulajambula la blockchain limapereka kusokoneza kowonekera kwa kudula mitengo kwa boma. Malo olembetsera (m'jeree Georgia ndi Sweden), kupatsa unyolo wa katundu wa onse, ndi makompyuta ovotera amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira. Mwa kupanga makina oteteza, zolemba zokhala ndi nthaŵi zambiri, zikhoza kuchepetsa mpata wa kachiphuphu. Munthu angasinthe malo apangano (m'zochitika kapena malo aulemu pambuyo pa zenizeni. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kulephera kwa mavoti kumakhalabe ofunika.
Njira Yopangira Malamulo ndi Kulamulira Kochititsa Chidwi
Kukula kwa luso la zopangapanga la boma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maboma amene amachirikiza kwambiri umisiri wa zasayansi kudzera ku APIS, ma platifomu, ndi ma aundictal , n’ngoona kuti agwirizana kwambiri ndi ziŵiya zatsopano. Mtsogolo angaone “kusintha monga ntchito," kumene anthu atatu opereka chithandizo amatsimikizira zimene boma likufuna ndi kupereka zigwirizano zaubwenzi ndi antchito awo.
Kumaliza: Kupanga Njira Yodalirika Yoonera Zinthu pa Intaneti
Chisinthiko cha boma cha kuwonekera kwa makompyuta ndicho nkhani ya kupita patsogolo kodabwitsa ndi kulimbana kopitirizabe. Kuchokera ku masamba oyambirira a FOIA amapempha kuti mabolokala enieni a "69' a masiku ano, chilolezo chikhale chomveka: nzika zimayembekezera kumasuka, ndipo luso la zopangapanga limatheke. Komabe ulendowu uli wosakwanira. Kugaŵa, kusagwirizana kwachinsinsi, kutsendereza kwachinsinsi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyendera moyo, ndi kukonza zida za ubongo, zingasokoneze kulemera kwa zinthu. Kupita patsogolo, maboma sayenera kuvomereza kokha zida za kuwala koma mzimu wake: kudzipereka, kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuulutsa. Mwakutenga chidziŵitso, kutetezera oimba, ndi opanga makampani opanga makompyuta, ndi kukonza mapulani, iwo angasinthe kuwonana ndi kuwonana kwalamulo. M'kudalira kumbuyo kwa boma, kutsimikizira kutsimikizira kwa boma, ndi kutchuka kwa kutchuka kwa boma.