Kufunika Kowonjezereka kwa Zoyendera za Anthu M’mizinda ya UK

Kayendetsedwe ka anthu kathandiza kwambiri m'matauni, kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi ntchito, maphunziro, zosamalira zaumoyo, ndi kusanguluka. Ku UK, kulimba kwa mabasi, magalimoto, ndi sitima zapamtunda zimakhudza zinthu zonse kuyambira pa kulimba kwa ndege ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma mpaka kuchuluka kwa anthu. Zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, kuchepa kwa mphamvu za zoyendera za m’mizinda ndi kutumiza anthu ku mabwana a boma kwasintha mmene dongosolo la zoyendera la anthu lapansi lalinganizi lalinganizidwira, loyendetsera, ndi loperekedwa. Mayoral tsopano akukhala pa maziko a zoyesayesa zamakono zoyendera zamakono, kugwirizanitsa njira zosiyanasiyana za kuyendera, ndi kuyang'ana ndi kutchuka kwa kaboni. Kuzindikira chisonkhezero cha atsogoleri osankhidwa ameneŵa nkofunika kwa aliyense amene akutsatira kupita patsogolo kwa mizinda, kukonza zinthu, kapena kukonza boma.

Ntchito ya meya si mwambo chabe. Maulamuliro ogwirizana onga Greater Manchester, West Midlands, ndi Liverpool City, mameya ali ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera zinthu pa ma bajeti, mapangano olinganiza zinthu, ndi kulinganiza zinthu. Udindo umenewu umawapatsa mphamvu yapadera yotha kukhazikitsa masomphenya kuti ayende bwino ndipo kenaka kuwathandiza ndi likulu la ndale zadziko ndi chuma. Komabe, unansi pakati pa malamulo a boma ndi kupita patsogolo kwenikweni ndi madongosolo a ndalama, umapangidwa ndi malamulo a dziko, kukambitsirana kwa ndale, ndi mavuto othandiza a za ndale zadziko kukhazikitsa makampani a m'mizinda yomangika.

Mmene Mphamvu za Mayoral Zimayambukirira Kayendetsedwe ka Kake ka Zoyendera

Dokotala wamakono wa dziko la England anakhazikitsa mwa ntchito ya malo osungirako boma, Economic Democracy and Doocracy Act 2009 ndi makampani otsatira. Makampaniwa anasintha maudindo a zoyendera kuchokera ku boma lapakati kukaphatikizana akuluakulu a boma, aliyense akutsogozedwa ndi bwana wosankhidwa mwachindunji. Meya amayang'anira ndalama za zoyendera za dera lawo, amaika mamembala a bungwe kuti anyamutse oyendetsa zinthu monga Thurt for London (TfL) kapena Trans for Great Manchester (TfGM), ndipo amatchula njira zanthaŵi yaitali zimene ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe la boma logwirizana. kampani imeneyi yapereka ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za mizinda kuti inyamutsegulitse ndalama zoyendera ndalama zako ku kampani za kumaloko m’malo modalira malangizo a Whitell.

Kusinthika kwa Zinthu ndi Maulamuliro Ophatikizidwa

Chiyambire 2014, maulamuliro ophatikizapo apangidwa ku Greater Manchester, West Midlands, Liverpool City Relains, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, North East, ndi Tees Valley . Aliyense ali ndi meya wokhala ndi mphamvu zapadera za zoyendera. Mwachitsanzo, Meya wa Greater Manchester akulamulira mabasi frankchising system, mampaneti a Metrolm , ndi masiteshoni a zitima za . Maya wa West Midwandlands amayang'anira mizere ya West Midwar Metro trem ndi zigano za basi. Maulamuliro ena ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu kuposa ena, ndipo ndalama zothandizira kaŵirikaŵiri zimadalira pa chilolezo cha boma. Komabe, de consonformation walola oyang'anira malamulo kuti ayang'alira chigawo chakunjalo ayang'a.

Kupereka Ndalama Zoyendera ndi Zosankha za Kusunga Ndalama

Mayansi amalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za anthu mwa njira ziŵiri zazikulu: makampani a boma akupereka ndalama ndi kuwonjezera ndalama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Midwal pa . . 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kufufuza Nkhani: Kukhudza Mizinda ya Mayoral

Kufufuza mizinda ina kumasonyeza kuti malamulo a meya asintha kwambiri zinthu pa zoyendera za anthu onse, komanso mavuto amene adakalipo.

London: Kupatsana Chilango ndi Chotengera cha Oyster

Mayor wa London wakhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu koposa za zoyendera mu UK. Ken Livingstone adayambitsa Congestion Caeon mu 2003, kuchepetsa magalimoto m'chigawo cha London ndi 30% ndi kuyambitsa ndalama zoyambiranso kuntchito za basi. Boris Johnson anayang'anira kuyambitsidwa kwa New Bus ya London "Rodester" ndi kufutukulidwa kwa ntchito ya Crossorborbor (tsopano mzera wa Elizabeth). Sadiq Khan wakakamiza Ultra Low Eugsion Sonion (ULEZ), kufutukula kuphikira makoma onse a London mu August 2023, kudula milingo ya nitrogen dioxide. Oyster , yopangidwa pansi pa Livingstone, imakhalaberking pomake. Malamulowawawa a Ultracrangedwa ndi matude a Tl Flagne (ult)) kuyendetsa usilikale (Ulst .[0]

Manchester: Bus Franchiling ndi Dera Loyera

Manchester anali chigawo choyamba kunja kwa London kupeza maulamuliro a basi oyenda pansi pa Bus Service Act 2017. Mtsogoleri Ander Burnham wagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zimenezi kukonzanso mabasi oyendera mabasi oyendera, amene kale anali kuyendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa achinsinsi okhala ndi ulamuliro waung'ono. Mu 2023, njira za basi zokongola zoyambira zojambulidwa zojambulidwa pansi pa Bee Network, zobweretsa ndalama zosavuta, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi njira ya Metrolink tram system . Meyayo adalinganizanso kuti Cleanchonea yoyendera ndege ya Machesternec, ngakhale kuti inachedwa chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma. Chitsanzochi chikusonyeza mmene malamulo a boma ayenera kuyendera bwino ndi chuma chakomwe yakwanu. [FLD:]

Birmingham: Kukula kwa matanthwe ndi Malo Oimapo Atsopano

West Midwand Mayor Andy Street yasumika pa kufutukula kampani ya West Midward Metro. Birmingham ku Wolkhampton yafutukulidwa kudutsa pakati pa mzinda, ndipo nthambi ku Digbeth, bwalo la ndege, ndi Walsall zikumangidwa. Masiteshoni pa Birmingham New Street ndi Moor Street awongolera kukambitsirana pakati pa njanji, tram, ndi basi. Meya wapititsanso ntchito kaamba ka kumangidwa kwa sitima ya m'dziko la Curzon Street ya HS2, imene idzakhala malo atsopano oyendera. Komabe, kutumiza pang'onopang'ono kwa magalimoto ndi kukwera kwa magalimoto kwa anthu kwayesedwa. Kuleza mtima kwa nduna kwa boma kwanthaŵi yaitali kwakhala kowopsa kuchokera ku Westernlands. Midlands kwalandiridwa m'dziko pakati pa 2017. [2001]

West Yorkshire: Mayor’s trakets transport

West Yorkshire Dwindhered Authority, yotsogozedwa ndi Mayor Tracy Brabin, yagwiritsira ntchito njira ya Mayor Transport Strategy yosumikidwa pa kupanga ndandanda ya zoyendera zogwirizana, zofikirika, ndi zero-zombo zoyendera zomwe zafotokozedwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Malamulo apamwamba amaphatikizapo kuyambitsidwa kwa kavalo wa basi wokhoza kukwera ($2 pa ulendo uliwonse mu 2023), kuikizira m'mabasi amagetsi, ndi kuyambika kwa dongosolo la Misa Transit ya Leeds , kapena kuyendetsa kwa basi kofulumira kumene kwafotokozedwapo kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Meyayo adawongoleranso njira zoyendera ndi kuyendamo. Chitokosoko n’chakuti: West Yorkshire ndalama zoyendera za magetsi zambiri kuposa Manchesterce kapena London. Bbin adagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake zomasuntha za Lediaddoult kuyendetsa ndalama za boma zapakati pa boma.

Dera la Mzinda wa Liverpool: Masinthidwe a Merseyray ndi Bus

Pansi pa Mayar Steve Rotam, Dera la Liverpool City, lasumika maganizo pa kufutukula chigwirizano cha Merseyroy ku malo atsopano onga Skelmersdale (kuchokera ku malo atsopano a Heardbolt Lane) ndi chigawo cholinganizidwa cha Merseyrop kutambasulikira ku Central Liverpool. Meya wakhazikitsa kukambitsirana kwa basi kwa mabasi mu 2023, kutsogolera kubweretsa mautumiki a basi pansi pa ulamuliro wa anthu onse ndi 2027. Dera la mzindalo layambitsanso njira yoperekera sitima ndi mabasi, kupanga ulendo wopepuka kwa okwera anthu. Rotherson wakhala wothandizira kuyendetsa sitima ya ku London mu North West, ndi kapangidwe kamodzi kamodzi. Mzinda wa Liverpoolp Countmented Authment : [FFFFFF]

Zida Zothandiza: Kusiya Kumangofuna Kugula Zinthu Kufikira Pakungowachekezera

Anthu amene amapanga majuwelo ali ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera anthu kuti ayende bwino m’misewu, ndipo kudziwa zimenezi kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake mizinda ina imavutika kudutsa m’madera ena.

Kupanga Zona ndi Kukometsera Malo

Madongosolo opanga matikiti oikidwa alola apaulendo kugwiritsira ntchito khadi limodzi kapena kudutsa m'mabasi, magalimoto, ndi sitima. Kadi ya Oyster ndi njira yolipirira yosayenderana ndi kampani ya London imakhazikitsa ndandanda. Mayars ku Manchester , Liverpool, ndi West Midlands tsopano akuyambitsa madongosolo ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, Bee Network ku Manchester imagwiritsa ntchito kachikwama kamodzi kopanda anthu, kutsimikizira kuti apaulendo salipira ndalama zambiri pa khadi la ulendo wa tsiku limodzi. Madongosolo ameneŵa amafuna kugwirizanitsa kodabwitsa pakati pa oyendetsa ntchito, koma chotulukapo chake nchapamwamba ndi kutsika kwa oyendetsa ndege.

Kuyenda Molowera M’mwamba Ndiponso Kuyeretsedwa kwa Mpweya

Kulimba kwa ndege ndizo kudera nkhaŵa kwakukulu kwa thanzi la anthu, ndipo malo a meya agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo kukakamiza zikole pa galimoto zoipitsa. ULEZ wa London, The Cleena Air Zone ya Birmingham (imene inatha mu 20211), ndipo makonzedwe a Manchester ochedwa ndi zitsanzo. Ndalama zochokera ku malo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri zimasungidwa kaamba ka kuwongolera kayendedwe a anthu, monga ngati kusokoneza mabasi amagetsi kapena magalimoto akale. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti iwo amabwezera otsika oyendetsa galimoto, koma mabwana amatetezera malamulowo mwa kuchepetsa zipatala kaamba ka kupuma. Malingana pakati pa kukhumba malo okhala ndi anthu okhala ndi malo okhala ndi ziwongo ndi oyenda adziko kumakhalabe nkhani ya mkangano m'magalimoto a oyendetsa.

Kudziwa Nthawi Yokwanira ndi Kusintha kwa Makompyuta

Smartphone ndi zisonyezero zenizeni za nthaŵi yofika m’basi zayembekezeredwa ndi apaulendo. Mayres aika ntchito m'mapulatifomu otseguka a chidziŵitso omwe amalola okonza masiteshoni achitatu a mapulaneti oyendera. Zoyendera za West Midwale ziri ndi ndandanda yotseguka ya zinthu, pamene kuli kwakuti TfL’API imagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi ma apps onga Citymapper ndi Googlec Mep. Mayor amalimbikitsanso kuyendetsa mphamvu za mphamvu za mphamvu [1] Kuyendetsa zithungo za mabasi kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa basi kodalira pa zimene akufuna. Ziwitso za magetsi zimenezi zimawongolera moyo wa wogula popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu.

Kuvutika Potsatira Njira Yodutsa Mayoral

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zina zimene zingawalepheretse kukonza zinthu zoyendera, meya amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu poyesa kukonza njira zoyendera.

Kupeza Malipiro Ndiponso Unansi wa Boma

Mayoral amadalira kwambiri ndalama za boma. Kayendetsedwe ka ndalama ka boma kaŵirikaŵiri kamaika malamulo okhwima owonongera ndalama zambiri, kuchepetsa kusinthika. Mwachitsanzo, City Restamentificable Transtuting Settlements imabwera ndi mapepala a zaka zisanu omwe sangagwirizane ndi zinthu zofunika za meya. Makina okonza zinthu monga makampani owonjezera a trammark kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mtengo waukulu wa kampani , Metrolink Trafford Park, mzera wa , mwachitsanzo, unafunikira ndalama zowonjezereka kuchokera ku ofesi ya Greater Manchester Meyary. Mayer ayeneranso kupezera nyumba zazikulu za mabizinesi, kupanga unansi wovuta ndi a nduna. Kusintha kwa boma kungasintha zinthu zofunika za boma, monga momwe boma likuonera pamene boma la Manchestersterdate Burce Moong.

Chitsutso cha Zandale ndi Ziyembekezo Zosonkhezera

Mayesi amasankhidwa ndi voti yotchuka, kaŵirikaŵiri kuchokera ku maziko a ochirikiza tauni omwe amayanja kuikizira katundu wa anthu. Komabe, njira zosatchuka monga kutsekedwa kwa msewu kapena kuchuluka kwa milandu zingayambitse kubwezera kwa ovota ndi mabizinesi a m’tauni. Kufutukuka kwa ULEZ ku London kunatsutsidwa ndi mabolobe angapo, ndipo Maya anayang'anizana ndi kusankhidwa mu Uxbridge mu 2023. May ayenera kulinganiza mosamalitsa malamulo awo kuti asungebe chichirikizo cha osankhidwa pamene akupanga zosankha zovuta. Kulimbana pakati pa zolinga zapamwamba ndi zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko ndi nkhani yaifupi kuli mutu wobwereza.

Kuyembekezera ndi Kukonzekera

mizinda yambiri ya UK ili ndi nyumba zoyendera zimene zakhala zaka makumi ambiri, zopangidwa kaamba ka nyengo ina. Kuwonjezera masiteshoni atsopano a magalimoto kapena njira za mabasi kumafuna kukumba makwalala, kupeza zilolezo, ndi kuyang'anira ndi makampani a magetsi. Kulinganiza kungatenge zaka zambiri . Kulinganiza kwa Misa Transit kunapangidwa choyamba mu 1940 ndipo kumakhalabe pa malo ojambula. Mayars kaŵirikaŵiri amaimba mlandu kuchedwa kwa kunyamula malamulo a boma, amene angachedwetse zinthu zazikulu. Malamulo a chuma, monga kutetezera nyumba kapena madera otetezera, kungatseketsenso ntchito zamakono.

Mwaŵi wa Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso Ntchito

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, anthu oyendetsa sitima akutulukira njira zopangira sitima zoyendera.

Kugwirizana kwa Onse

Kumene ndalama za boma n’zochepa, malo a boma atembenukira ku likulu la boma kuti lipereke zinthu zapadera. Kuwonjezera kwa West Midlands Metro ku Digbeth kumayendetsedwa ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito yogwirizana ndi malo atsopano ndi malonda. Ku London, Crossray adapatsidwa ndalama kudzera m'zipatala za boma, kubwereka, ndi malonda ena owonjezera pa katundu wa malonda. Liverpool City Court ikufufuza chitsanzo chofanana ndi chija cha Merseyrop Lep. Mabanja ameneŵa angafulumize kutumiza katundu koma amafuna mapangano osonyeza kuopsa ndi makonzedwe owonjezera.

Kuloŵa M’gulu ndi Kupanga Chikalata cha Cone - Sega

Mayeso amathandiza anthu ambiri kuti adziwe mmene angayendetsere katundu pa Intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a pa Intaneti, misonkhano ya m’holo za tauni, ndi makompyuta. Mkupiti wa West Yorkshire University’s “Let Talk Traffy” unasonkhanitsa mayankhidwe oposa 10,000 amene anaumba kampani ya Mayor Transport Strategy . Ku Manchester, bungwe la Bee Network linayambitsa makampani a anthu oyenda nawo. Kudzipereka kumathandiza kuti anthu ayambe kulimbikitsa njira zochepetsa magalimoto. Komabe, kukambirana ndi kutopa kuyenera kutsimikizira kuti azichita zinthu mogwirizana ndi pulogalamu imene amalandira.

Kufufuza Zomwe Zingapangitse Chipwirikiti

Luso la zoyendera ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri popanga madeti a mabasi, kulosera kuti zinthu zotentha zochedwa, ndi kuwonjezera mapulogalamu a bungwe la oyendetsa. TfL imafalitsa masamu oposa 800 pa malo ake otsegulira zinthu, amene ofufuza agwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera zoneneratu za ulendo. Magazi ang'onoang'ono a m'mizinda akuika ndalama zolemba zinthu zotchedwa antialytics . Mwachitsanzo, South Yorkshire Mayoral Drined Authority imagwiritsa ntchitodiadictive transs kuwongolera klay tramssss trans trans. Kufikira malo oyang'anira malo ochitira umboni odalira umboni m’malo mwa kudziŵira kapena odziŵa bwino zinthu.

Mtsogolo mwa Mtsogoleri wa Mayoral Poyendetsa Zinthu

Poyang’ana kutsogolo, malamulo a meya adzapitirizabe kusintha chifukwa cha nyengo, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga.

Kudzipereka kwa Zitsamba za Njoka ndi Kusintha kwa Maluwa

Pafupifupi malo onse a meya alengeza za mkhalidwe wanyengo ndi kuika zikole za mabomba pa madera awo. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusamutsira mabasi ku magalimoto oyendera (magetsi kapena hydrogen), kufutukuka kwa magalimoto kuti alowetse malo a magalimoto, ndi kukweza malo otulutsa. Manchester akufuna kuyendetsa sitima za basi za siree zoyendera ndi 2030, pamene zombo zonse za basi zidzayenda molimbika ndi 2034. Mayster akulimbikitsanso kuyenda mokangalika m’misewu ndi m'madera oyenda mozungulira sitima zapansi kwa dzikolo. Malamulo ameneŵa amagwirizana ndi zifuno za , koma amafunikira kuyendetsa mabasi oyendetsa magalimoto atsopano ndi oyendetsa zinthu.

Kupezeka ndi Kupangidwa Kosadziŵika

Zoyendera za anthu onse, kuphatikizapo anthu achikulire, ogwiritsa ntchito zilema, ndi amene ali ndi katundu wolemera. Oyendetsa sitima zapamtunda ayambitsa mabasi otsika oyendera, masiteshoni opanda masiteshoni pa masiteshoni a sitima, ndi zilengezo zomveka pa sitima. Mayero a London apereka ndalama za “Step Free Accestion” programu, yomwe yawonjezera chiŵerengero cha masiteshoni a Tube okhala ndi njira yomasuka kuchokera pa 66 mu 2016 kufika pa 100 podzafika 2024. Masiteshoni atsopano apangidwa ku miyezo ya padziko lonse. Komabe, masiteshoni ambiri akale atsala osafikika, ndi mamaya ayang'enga ayang'ana kuthandizira kuti apeze ndalama zoyendera .

Umisiri Umene Umathandiza Poyenda M’njira Zopanda Mchenga

Kampani ya gulu la anthu oyendetsa galimoto zotchedwa as-a-Service (MaaS) yomwe imaphatikiza zoyendera za onse, njinga zoyendera, ndi kukwera kukwera ku malo amodzi akuyendetsedwa m'mizinda ingapo ya UK. West Midlands imayambitsa kuyesa MaaS mu 2020, ndipo Thurt for Greater Manchester ikuyambitsa Appe Network ndi kulinganiza ulendo ndi kulipira. Mayers amaona MaaS monga njira yochepetsera kudalirana kwa galimoto, koma chipambano chimadalira pa kugwirizanitsa oyendetsa galimoto ambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asinthe zizoloŵezi za ulendo.

Mapeto: Majeremusi Amasintha Zinthu

Mayoral atsimikizira kukhala mphamvu yaikulu ya kuwongolera kayendedwe ka anthu m'mizinda ya UK. Kuchokera ku London kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kugwetsa mathirakiti a dziko lonse ku mabasi a Manchester franchis ndi kuwonjezera magalimoto a Birmingham, osankhidwa asankha maloyawo agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zosintha zinthu zimene zikanavuta m'masinthidwe a bungwe lakale la boma. Zotsatira zake sizigwirizana; ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama, chitsutso cha ndale, ndi maziko a mu tertia zidakali zopinga zenizeni. Koma khalidwe nlo n’lonji: Meya ndi opanga zosankha zazikulu, ndi malamulo awo aumba mwachindunji njira za anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a m’mizinda.

Pamene mizinda ikukula ndi zitsenderezo za nyengo zikuwonjezereka, kufunika kwa utsogoleri wamphamvu ndi woŵerengera m'zoyendera kudzakula. Mbadwo wotsatira wa amoguwa udzafunikira kulinganiza malo okhala ndi zinthu zachuma, kukonza makompyuta, ndi kutsimikizira kuti zoyendera zifike ku chitaganya chilichonse. Umboni umasonyeza kuti pamene mameya apatsidwa mphamvu ndi chuma kuti achitepo kanthu, angapereke migwirizano ya zoyendera za anthu imene ili yogwira ntchito, yosalekeza, ndi yochirikizika kwambiri. Chiyambukiro cha malamulo a kazembe za zoyendera za onse sichirikizidwa ndi mawu amunsi m'manja a mizinda.