Maziko a Ndalama Zopereka Anthu

United States Census, ikuchita zaka khumi zilizonse, si kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba. Ndi lamulo la malamulo limene limatumikira monga maziko a kugawidwa kwa mazana a madola mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri m'makampani a boma chaka chilichonse. Pakati pa mabungwe ambiri a m'deralo amene amadalira pa kugaŵidwa kwa magawo ameneŵa, malaibulale a anthu ndi malo a anthu a m’deralo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulondola kwa kuŵerenga. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka ntchito zodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri . Kuyambira pa ntchito za kuŵerenga ndi maphunziro a ntchito zapasukulu ndi kupezeka kwa maadireshoni kudalira mwachindunji pa malamulo a boma ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zawo. Pamene madera alephera kuŵerengedwa, zimene zingatsogolere kutsika maola ochepa, antchito, kuchotsedwa, ndi kubwerera kumbuyo kwa mapulogalamu ofunika. Kuzindikira zimenezi ndiko njira yoyamba yopezera kutsimikizira kuti anthu okhala ndi kugawana kwawo.

Mmene Kuŵerengera Kumasinthira Zinthu Zopereka Malipiro

Chiwerengero cha anthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugaŵira ndalama zoposa $1.5 biliyoni m'kuwononga kwa boma chaka chilichonse, mogwirizana ndi U.S. Bureau . Ndalama zimenezi zimatuluka m'maprogramu mazana ambiri opereka, ambiri a amene amachirikiza mwachindunji malaibulale ndi malo a anthu. Kachitidwe kogaŵako kamagwiritsira ntchito ziŵerengero za anthu, kugaŵira ndalama, ndi chidziŵitso china cha anthu chotengedwa ku kalembera ndi kufufuza kofanana ndi American Community Survey (ACS).

Maprogramu Opereka Amene Amadalira pa Kuŵerengera

  • Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA): Ndi Ifemu yotumikira ndi Institute of Museum and Library Service (IMLS), LSTA imapatsa anthu owonjezereka kuti adziŵe ziŵerengero za anthu za boma ndi ndalama za dziko. Ndalama zimenezi zimachirikiza zonse kuchokera ku zopereka za magetsi ndi zipangizo zamakono kuwonjezera maprogramu a anthu osungidwa.
  • [[MLT:0] Community Development Block Grants (CDBG): [1] Dipatimenti ya U.S. ya Nyumba ndi Urban Development (HUD) imagaŵira ndalama za CDBG zozikidwa pa njira imene imaphatikizapo ukulu wa anthu, ziŵerengero za umphaŵi, ndi nyumba zopambanitsa zotengedwa ku chidziŵitso cha anthu. Malo a boma amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zimenezi kukonzanso, kugula zipangizo za magetsi, ndi maprogramu a anthu olandira zochepera.
  • Chakudya ndi Programs za Ufulu: Nthaŵi zambiri amagwirizanitsa ndi masukulu, maprogramu a chakudya pambuyo pa sukulu ku malo a chitaganya amadalira pa chidziŵitso cha anthu kuti ayenerere kaamba ka kubwezeredwa kwa boma. Kuŵerengera kolondola kumatsimikizira kuti malo angapereke chakudya kwa ana oyenerera, makamaka m'madera aumphaŵi wapamwamba.
  • [[FLT: 0] Title I Phunziro Ndi ndalama: Sukulu zimene zimagwira ntchito m'malo ophunzirira owonjezereka. Zigawo za mutu I, zimene zimagawiridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu osauka, zingachirikize mwachindunji kugwirizana kumeneku.
  • HHS Services Office Comment Comment Inyipo zimenezi, zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi malo a chitaganya kaamba ka njira za kutsutsa umphaŵi, zimagaŵiridwa mozikidwa pa ziŵerengero za umphaŵi.

Unansiwo ngwomveka: banja losoŵa m'kalemberawu umatanthauza kuti zosoŵa za anthu sizikuwoneka kwa osunga ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, la laibulale ndi Technology Act imagwiritsira ntchito njira yozikidwa pa anthu. Wowonjezereka aliyense amene akuŵerengedwa angapereke madola zikwi zambiri ku laibulale ya boma. Kuseŵera kofananako ku malo a anthu amene amadalira pa CDBG pulogalamu; kutaya anthu mazana angapo okha m'chiŵerengerochi kungatanthauze zaka zikwi makumi ambiri za madola m'ambalu otaikiridwa ndi ndalama m’zaka khumi.

Programu za Federal Zimadalira pa Kuŵerengera

Bungwe la Boma la United States loona za kuŵerengera anthu linapeza kuti mapulogalamu oposa 300 a kalembera amene amapezeka m’malaibulale.

  • Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Grants: M'chaka cha 2022, IMLS anapereka ndalama zoposa $200 miliyoni ku malaibulale ndi mamyuziyamu, ndi njira za boma zolumikizidwa mwachindunji kwa anthu. Webusaiti ya IMLS [ tsatanetsatane wa mmene LSTA imayendera kudzera m'mabungwe auyang'aniro a laibulale a boma, zimene kenaka zimabwereranso ndalama ku malaibulale akwa akwawo.
  • USDA Rural Development : Malo a chitaganya m'madera akumidzi angalandire ndalama zoperekera kumanga ndi zipangizo kupyolera mwa maprogramu a USDA amene amadalira pa maina a madera akumidzi odziŵika bwino.
  • HOUD Community Development Block Grants: Monga momwe kwatchulidwira, imeneyi ndi magwero aakulu a ndalama za malo apakati a chigawo. Njirayo imagwiritsira ntchito anthu, umphaŵi, ndi chidziŵitso chochulukitsitsa cha kubala ndi ACS.
  • Department of Education 21st Century Learning Centers: Ndalama zimenezi zimachirikiza pambuyo pa maprogramu a sukulu amene kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito m'malo a chitaganya. Malo osamutsidwa azikidwa pa chidziŵitso cha chigawo cha umphaŵi cha sukulu chochokera ku kubala anthu.
  • Health ndi Mautumiki a Anthu (HHS) Mutu Wayamba: Malo a Mutu wa Starts amalandira ndalama zothandizira pa ziŵerengero za umphaŵi.

Malo osungiramo mabuku ndi malo osungiramo ndalama kwambiri, amachititsa kuti ndalama zambiri zikhale zocheperapo tsopano, zimene zingachepetseretu kugwirizana kwa anthu, ndipo zimenezi zingafooketsenso kachitidwe ka ka kaŵerengedwe ka anthu kachiŵiri.

Mavuto Ofuna Kuŵerenga Molondola

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto omveka bwino, kuwerenga anthu mokwanira ndiponso molondola n’kovuta kwambiri. Bungwe la Census Bureau lapeza kuti pali anthu ambiri amene amavutika kuwerenga, kuphatikizapo ana aang’ono, mafuko ndi mafuko ochepa, mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa, anthu akumidzi, ndiponso anthu opanda pokhala. Magulu ameneŵa alinso odalirika kwambiri kudalira malaibulale a anthu onse ndi malo a anthu a m’deralo kuti achitiremo ntchito zofunika.

Zopinga Zazikulu za Kukhala ndi Mbali

  • Languages ndi Literacle Barriers: Mafunso a anthu akupezeka m'zinenero 12, koma anthu ambiri okhala m'maderawo salankhula zinenero zambiri kapena sadziŵa kulemba bwino. Malaibulale kaŵirikaŵiri amathandiza anthu osadziwa Chingelezi, koma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, olankhula Chizungu angalekeretu kuŵerenga.
  • Kudalira Boma: Chisalungamo cha m'mbiri yakale [1] Monga kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha kuŵerenga anthu mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II kudziŵikitsa Ajapani kuti apeze [1] adayambitsa kusadalirana kwakukulu. Mafuno aposachedwapa kuwonjezera funso la nzika, ngakhale kuti potsirizira pake sanaphatikizidwe mu 2020, kudalirana kowonjezereka pakati pa anthu osamukira m’dziko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Digal Repage : Chiŵerengero cha 2020 chinaikidwa chizindikiro nthaŵi yoyamba imene anthu anafunsidwa anamaliza makompyuta a pa Intaneti. Komabe, ndalama zambiri zotsika ndi mabanja akumidzi alibe kudalirika kwa intaneti kapena kuwerenga ndi ndandanda ya manambala. Malaibulale opereka makompyuta a anthu onse ndi chithandizo, koma chuma chimenecho chinali chochepa ndi miliri ndi mphamvu.
  • Privacy Consurns: Ngakhale ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha boma, mantha a kugawana chidziŵitso ndi lamulo kapena mabungwe oloŵera m'dziko akupitirizabe. Njira zatsopano zachinsinsi za Census Bureau, pamene zikutetezera mayankhidwe a munthu, zachititsanso chisokonezo.
  • Lack of Memorers: Anthu ambiri a m'deralo samvetsa mmene ndandanda ya kalembera imakhudzira moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo sangadziŵe kuti kudzaza fomuyo kumathandizira mwachindunji ndalama za nthaŵi ya nkhani za m'laibulale yakwawo kapena maphunziro a ntchito a m'malo awo.

Zotsatira za zopinga zimenezi n’zosatsutsika. Chiŵerengero cha 2020 chinakumana ndi mavuto aakulu: Kuŵerengeredwa kwa ana aang'ono (mayeso 0-4) kunali pafupifupi 5%, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Census Bureau. Anthu akuda ndi a ku Spain anaŵerengedwa, ngakhale kuti anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa mu 2010. Anthu odalira ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama, zimenezi zikulephera kutembenuza chuma chotayika kwa zaka khumi.

Zochita Zothandiza Kuti Tiwonjezere Kugwira Nawo Ntchito

Malaibulale ndi malo osungirako anthu ndi malo amodzi ali ndi malo othetsera kuŵerengetsera chifukwa chakuti ndi mabungwe odalirika amene ali m’madera amene amatumikira. Ambiri amagwira kale ntchito monga nangula, kupereka malo a pa Intaneti, malo osonkhanira, ndi mautumiki ofunika kwambiri.

Kufikira Mlandu

  • Parner ndi Makomiti Owonjezera a Censure Bureau: Magulu odzifunira akomwewa amagwirizanitsa kufikitsa. Malaibulale ndi malo a anthu angapereke misonkhano, kugaŵira zinthu, ndi kutumikira monga malo osankhidwa othandiza, kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa Mabungwe a Funso la ASCS (QACs) kapena Beedied .
  • Seŵerera Amithenga Odalirika: Odzipereka amene amasonyeza chiŵerengero cha anthu a m’mudzi angapereke mauthenga a kuŵerenga anthu mwaluso. Mwachitsanzo, othandiza a laibulale ya zinenero ziŵiri ziŵiri angathandize ochirikiza a Spanya kulankhula kumaliza mpangidwewo, pamene kuli kwakuti ogwira ntchito pa maofesi a chitaganya angafotokoze malamulo achinsinsi kwa nzika zokayikira.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kufikira Census Out Department ku Mautumiki Alipo: Pamene wobwereka bukhu kapena mapepala a programu, antchito angatchule mwachidule kuŵerenga. Zing'ono zimasonkhezera / mofanana ndi wouluka pa kutseka, chotchi ya kompyuta, kapena chikumbutso chachidule mkati mwa nthaŵi ya nkhani .
  • Zinthu Zokhala ndi Zomwe Zingafikirike: Kupyolera m'zotengera za boma za CVS Bureau, malaibulale angapange zotsogolera zosavuta m'zinenero zambiri, matembenuzidwe aakulu osindikizira, ndi mavidiyo ndi kumasulira chinenero cha manja. Malo a Community angapereke magawo a chidziŵitso kwa otembenuza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Access Digital Accounting : [[FLT ] Mkati mwa zaka za kuŵerenga anthu, malaibulale angafutukule maola a onse a kompyuta ndi kupereka chithandizo chimodzi pamodzi. Malo a chitaganya angapereke magome kapena ziphaso zotentha zoyenda ndi kamphindi kwa operekera ndalama amene alibe intaneti panyumba, kutsimikizira kuti angatengemo mbali pa Intaneti.
  • Kuyesa kuyesa kuyesa ana aang'ono (kaŵirikaŵiri kuphonya chiŵerengero cha anthu), anthu osoŵa pokhala, ndi mabanja m’madera akumidzi n’zofunika. Makina oyenda, mikupiti yogogoda pakhomo ya anthu odzipereka a pa chigawo, ndi masukulu angathandize.
  • Emphasize Sync and Security: Kulankhulana komvekera bwino, kooneka bwino ponena za masuti 13 otetezera [1] kumene kumaletsa Census Bureau kugawana chidziŵitso chaumwini ndi mabungwe ena a boma . Malaibulale angachepetse mantha. Malo angapereke malo ochitira zinthu zachinsinsi ndi kulongosola mmene chidziŵitso chazindikiro chabisidwira.

Kupenda Nkhani: Mbali ya Malaibulale m’Kuŵerengera kwa 2020

Mkati mwa 2020 Census, malaibulale ambiri a anthu onse anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mosasamala kanthu za mliri wa COVID . American Library Association (AL) inapereka zipangizo ndi maphunziro. ku Texas, Houston Public Library yogwirizana ndi Makomiti Omaliza Oona. Ku New York, laibulale ya anthu inaitana mabanja mazana ambiri kuti awakumbutse kuti ayankhe. [Malowero a kalembera a anthu [] Mabukuwa a ntchito imeneyi ndi kugaŵira mapulogalamu a m’tsogolo.

Malo a chitaganya anapambana mofananamo. Ku Chicago, malo ogwirizana ndi Communications Survice Corporation (LISC) anasintha malo awo oimikapo galimoto kukhala malo othandizira anthu, akumagaŵira magome ndi kugaŵira Wi-Fi. Kuyesayesa kwa udzu kumeneku kunathandiza kuyendetsa anthu m'madera osiyanasiyana ndipo kunali ndi mbali zochepa m’mbiri.

Mmene Ntchito za M’deralo Zimakhudzira Magulu Othandiza Anthu Ovutika

Kuŵerengera anthu kukakhala kothandiza kwambiri, ndalama zimene zimaperekedwa m’malaibulale ndi m’malo osungirako anthu zikhoza kusintha malo amene anthu ali, osati ndalama zimene amalandira mwamsanga; kumachititsa kuti anthu azipeza bwino, ndiponso kuti apeze ndalama zambiri zogulira zinthu m’tsogolo.

Mapindu Achindunji a Kuŵerengera Kolongosoka

  • Maola opangika ndi Opereka: ndi ndalama zokhazikika, malaibulale angakhalebe madzulo otseguka ndi kutha kwa mlungu, kutumikira mabanja ogwira ntchito. Malo a chitaganya angatole mabwana owonjezereka operekera umboni kuti agwirizanitse nzika ndi mautumiki a mayanjano.
  • Ziŵerengero zolondola za 'technology Upgrades: zimatsogolera ku kupereka malo apamwamba, alabsi ya onse ya makompyuta, ndi maphunziro a za magetsi. M'madera akumidzi, zimenezi zingatsekereze kugaŵana kwa manambala, kupereka njira zopezera magetsi ndi luso lakutali la kuphunzira.
  • Mitundu ya Magulu: Kuchirikiza ndalama za makalasi a ESL, malangizo a ntchito, ntchito zapapitapo, ndi maprogramu a achichepere. Malo a chitaganya angapereke misasa ya m'chilimwe ndi mabungwe a maseŵera amene angadulidwe.
  • Kuwongolera kwa Kubala: Likulu limapatsa ndalama kuchokera ku CDBG ndi USDA kuti akonze nyumba zokalamba, kuwonjezera pa zitsulo za apanjinga, kuika madongosolo a mphamvu, ndi kulenga malo opatulidwa kaamba ka kuphunzira kwa ubwana.
  • Malaibulale ndi malo a anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amatumikira monga malo oziziritsa mkati mwa mafunde a kutentha kapena malo angozi mkati mwa mphepo ya mkuntho. Kupereka ndalama zolumikizidwa ku chidziŵitso cha anthu kumatsimikizira kuti iwo ali ndi mphamvu yowathandiza, katundu, ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa.

Zotsatirapo za Anthu Akalekale

Kufufuza kokhazikika kumasonyeza kuti malaibulale ndi malo a anthu otchuka kwambiri amagwirizanitsa ndi zotulukapo zabwino za maphunziro, ziŵerengero zotsika za upandu, ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu kwa chitaganya. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Urban Literagers Council kunapeza kuti dola iliyonse yosungidwa m'malaibulale ya anthu onse imabwerera ku $5 m'chiyambukiro cha zachuma. Mofananamo, malo a anthu amachepetsa kudzipatula ndi kuwongolera zotulukapo zaumoyo, makamaka kwa achikulire ndi achichepere opezapo phindu pang'ono.

Kuŵerengera kumapitirizabe, kuwononga kumawonjezeka. Malaibulale angachepetse ndalama zimene amasunga, kuchotsa mathekipi olembetsera, kapena kuchotsa operekerako zikalata. Malo a anthu angatseke msanga kapena kuchotsa programu ya pambuyo pa sukulu imene imateteza ana. Kudula kumeneku kumakhudza kwambiri anthu omwe anali ovuta kwambiri kukafika ku chiŵerengero chimene chinatsika kale. Kubwereza: utumikiwo sikumachititsa kuti anthu asamakhulupirire kwambiri, zimene zimachititsa kuti ayambe kuwerenga anthu ambiri.

Kumaliza: Kulabadira Kulikonse Kumalimbitsa Anthu

Kuŵerengerako ndi ntchito ya boma imene imathandiza kuti malaibulale ndi malo a boma azikhala ndi mphamvu ndiponso chuma kwa zaka khumi. Malaibulale ndi malo ena a boma, kuchuluka ndi kusiyana kolondola ndi kulephera. Mabungwe ameneŵa sangopindula ndi kuŵerengera anthu; komanso ndi othandiza kwambiri kuti apeze ndalama zokwanira. Mwa kuzindikira kugwirizana kwa ndalama zimene amalandira, anthu angakonzekere kutsimikizira kuti palibe amene watsala.

Kupereka ndalama za malaibulale ndi malo a anthu sikunaperekedwe; ndiyo kuikizira maphunziro, thanzi, ndi mwaŵi. Kuikizira ndalama kumayamba ndi sitepe limodzi: kudzaza kuŵerengedwa kwa anthu. Banja lililonse liŵerengedwa ndi buku la laibulale logulidwa, programu ya chigawo ya chitaganya ikuyamba, mwana wopatsidwa. Kuŵerengeranso kwa zaka zingapo. Ino ndi nthaŵi ya malaibulale, malo a anthu, ndi owathandiza kukonzekera kukonza kuti adzidalira, kuwonjezera, ndi kutsimikizira mfundo yakuti munthu aliyense ali ndi nkhani yofunika.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za mmene laibulale yanu kapena malo a mudzi wanu angaloŵetsedwere, chezerani Census Bureau’s 2030 tsamba lokonzekera CVS kapena Institute ya kusanthula kwa ziyambukiro za kumaloko [1].