Vuto la Kuimira ndi Lonjezo la Kutenga Mbali m’Ufumu

Kulamulira kwa democratic kuzungulira dziko lonse kuli ndi chotsutsana. Nzika zamaphunziro abwinopo, zogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo zili ndi chidziŵitso chochuluka kuposa mbadwo uliwonse m'mbiri. Komabe, kukhulupirira mabungwe olinganizidwa a boma . "parliaments, zipani za ndale zadziko, ndi mabureaucracy . Kusintha kumeneku pakati pa olamulidwa ndi amene amalamulira ndi amene amalamulira kumayambitsa malo owopsa. Kuloŵa m'dzikolo, kusoŵa kwa luso la zasayansi, kapena kusasamala kwa anthu. Kulola kusankhidwa kwa maufumu kufunitsa kugamulidwa kwapadera kwa anthu ndi boma.

Kukhala ndi phande m'midzi kumapereka njira yothandiza ndi yamakhalidwe yothetsera vuto limeneli. Kusankha kumapita ku kupitirizabe kwa kugawikana kolinganizidwa pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe ake. Pamene kuli kolinganizidwa bwino, njira zogawira sizimangopangitsa nzika kumva; zimawongolera mkhalidwe wa zosankha, kuwonjezera kuŵerengera, ndi kukonzanso nsalu ya mayanjano imene imagwirizanitsa anthu. Kwa atsogoleri a m'zigawo ndi opanga malamulo, kumanga malo oyenerera a anthu.

Zochititsa Zothandiza za Kuloŵa M’chigwirizano ndi Nzika

Ngakhale kuti nkhani ya chikhalidwe chimenechi n’njomveka, pali zifukwa zinanso zomveka zimene maboma ayenera kuikizira ndalama zothandizira anthu kuti apeze njira zothandizira anthu.

Kudziŵa Zinthu Bwino ndi Kusiyanasiyana kwa Matenda

Lamulo la anthu ndilo kwenikweni lothetsera mavuto. Kupanga zosankha zapamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri kumalephera chifukwa chakuti kulibe chidziŵitso chachibadwa, chakumalo amene anthu akukhala kutsogolo. Nzika zili ndi ukatswiri waluso umene antchito a boma ndi andale sizingatero. Zochita za anthu monga mabungwe opanga zigamulo kapena ma shakert ochotsera anthu nzeru zapamwamba kuti aloŵetsedwe m’dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu za boma. Chotulukapo ndicho njira imene imagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya dziko ndipo yosathekera kwenikweni kutulutsa zotulukapo zoipa zosayembekezeredwa.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuyang’anira

Vuto lalikulu la woyang'anira limakhala lofala ku mabungwe aakulu, ndipo boma silisiyana. Akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu a boma angapitirize kuchita zinthu zimene anthu amasiyana ndi zabwino. Ntchito zauyang'anira nzika zogwira ntchito monga kuyang'anira kochenjera pa chikhoterero chimenechi. Pamene nzika zili ndi ufulu walamulo ndi zigwirizano za bajeti, maprojekiti oŵerengera, ndi mautumiki openda, mtengo wa ziphuphu ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino zimawonjezereka kwambiri. Kuthekera kwa kuyang'anira anthu onse monga chitsenderezo champhamvu choletsa kuyang'anira maulamuliro olephera.

Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Kugwirizana

Malamulo ndi malamulo amalemekezedwa kwambiri pamene anthu omvera iwo akhala ndi mwaŵi weniweni wa kuumba kapangidwe kawo. Lamulo la chiweruzo la productive linalembedwa bwino lomwe pa kufufuza kwa sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Lamulo loikidwa kuchokera pamwamba, mosasamala kanthu za maluso ake, lidzayang'anizana ndi kutsutsidwa, zopinga zalamulo, ndi maseŵero kwa oyambukiridwa. Komanso, lamulo lopangidwa kupyolera m'zowonekera bwino ndi machitachita ophatikizapo limakhala ndi chisungiko chalamulo chimene chimapangitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwabwino ndi mlingo wokulira wa kugonjera kwaufulu.

Kugwirizana ndi Kugwirizana kwa Mayanjano ndi Kusintha

Kuthandizana kuti athetse vuto limodzi kumayambitsa mayanjano, mfundo, ndi chikhulupiriro zimene zimathandiza kuti anthu azichita zinthu mogwirizana. M’madera osiyanasiyana, malo ochitira zinthu, malo ochitira zinthu, kukambirana, ndi kupeza chifukwa chimodzi. Izi ndizo minyewa imene anthu a m’dziko amafunikira kuti athe kulimbana ndi mavuto. Anthu okhala ndi likulu la anthu amachira mwamsanga ku masoka achilengedwe, amazoloŵera kwambiri kusokonezeka kwa chuma, ndipo savutika kuchepetsako mphamvu ya chuma ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu za dziko.

Chisonyezero cha Chigwirizano: Kuchokera ku Chidziŵitso Kufikira ku Mphamvu

Si kuti zonse zimene zimachita ndi zofanana. Kuti mupange njira yothandiza, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pangano imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za nzika. Boma limene limangodziŵitsa nzika kapena kufunafuna chigamulo chawo limachita chitsanzo chosiyana kwambiri ndi chimene chimatsogolera anthu kuposa chimene chimapanga ulamuliro wopanga zosankha kwa anthu.

Kulemba, Kufunsa, ndi Kumvetsera

Pamaziko, boma lili ndi thayo lakutulutsa zinthu zooneka. Nkhani zofalitsa, misonkhano yapansi, ndi kusunga zolembedwa za anthu zofikirika ndizo zofunika kuti munthu adziwonere. Kuposa njira iliyonse ya kuyang'anira, njira zoyendera , nyengo zoyankha, ndi kufufuza kwa anthu, kulola boma kusonkhanitsa mfundo kuchokera kwa omvetsera ambiri. Upandu waukulu wa gululi ndi kutsimikizira. Pamene nzika zithera maola ambiri zikukonzekera kapena kuchitapo kanthu pofufuza kokha kuti ziwonedwe, kusuliza kumasintha osati kuchepa. Kufufuza kuti kukhale kwabwino, kuyenera kutsagana ndi malongosoledwe omveka bwino a mmene mfundozo zinapimidwira ndi chiyambukiro chake pa chosankha chomaliza.

Kulephera Kusankha ndi Kugwirizana

Njira za ufulu zimaimira mbali yofunika kwambiri m'mphamvu ndi ntchito zonse ziŵiri za nzika. Mabodza onga majuli a nzika, masankho odzisankhira, ndi misonkhano ya nzika yoima ikugwira ntchito pa lamulo losiyana: otengamo mbali sakungolankhula lingaliro lakale; akuphunzira nkhani, kumva kwa akatswiri ndi ochirikiza, ndi kulimbana ndi malonda mwa kukambitsirana kosavuta ndi anzawo.

Madongosolo ameneŵa amayenerera kwenikweni kuyang'anira zimene akatswiri andale zadziko amatcha "mavuto oipa" [1] Masusi amene amaphatikizapo malonda ovuta, mikangano yapamwamba ya phindu, ndi kulephera kwa maluso. Zoyenera za kuchotsa mimba, malamulo, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi mapeto a chisamaliro cha moyo ndi zitsanzo zabwino. Mwa kupereka kwa anthu osankhidwa, gulu loimiralo kuti apeze nthaŵi ndi chuma, maboma angakhomere m'chisungiko cha nzeru zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zolingalira ndi zosasinthasintha kwambiri kuposa nkhani yapoyera. Pamene maboma adzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuvomereza mwalamulo zikalata za mabungwe oterowo, amachoka ku kukambitsirana kwanthaŵi ndi chuma chachidziŵitso cha anthu.

Kulinganiza ndi Kulamulira Nzika Yachindunji

Mtundu wakuya wa kutengamo mbali umaphatikizapo nzika osati kokha m'kusankha malamulo, komanso popanga ndi kuwapereka. Ojambula a ntchito a boma amazindikira kuti mautumiki a boma saali chabe zinthu zimene anthu ongogula . Ndi zotsatira zimene zimapangidwa ndi akatswiri ndi nzika zomwe zikugwira ntchito pamodzi. Polishi ya Community, kulinganiza ndalama, ndi maprogramu a sayansi ndi zitsanzo zonse za ntchito ya kuwonjezera ntchito.

Zopinga Zomanga Zothandiza Kutengamo Mbali Mwatanthauzo

Kumvetsa zimene zikulepheretsa anthu kuchita zinthu zimenezi ndi njira yoyamba yozithetsera.

Kumwa Madzi ndi Kugwidwa

Njira zoloŵera sizimagwira ntchito popanda kanthu. Zimayendera m'zitaganya zodziŵika ndi kusalingana kwakukulu kwa chuma, malo, ndi udindo wa gulu. Zochita za gulu ndi akatswiri otsata ndi bajeti zakhala zokonzeka bwino kwambiri kulamulira nyengo za anthu akumva kapena zoyankha kuposa madera otsika. Popanda kuyesayesa kwadala kuloŵetsa ndi kuchirikiza mawu operekedwa ndi anthu, kutenga nawo mbali kungalimbitse mphamvu za mphamvu zimene zilipo. Chochitika chimenechi, chodziŵika monga "kugwira anthu," ndicho njira yopitirizira yosalephera kwambiri ya ulamuliro wa amphakate.

Kusokonezeka kwa Zinthu ndi Kutopanso

Kutengamo mbali kwenikweni n’kokwera mtengo. Kumafuna malo aluso, malo ofikira, chisamaliro cha ana, mautumiki otembenuza, ndi malipiro kwa otenga mbali. Pamene maboma achita pangano mosazindikira amasankha opanga nawo ntchito zachisangalalo amene ali ndi nthaŵi yopuma ndi kudalirana kuti akakhale ndi phande kwa omasuka [1] Kaŵirikaŵiri opuma pantchito, ophunzira, kapena ochirikiza zaluso. Mwachibadwa, nzika zimayang'anizana ndi kutopa kwa "kusinthasintha kwa ntchito" pamene zimapemphedwa mosawona zotsatirapo kanthu. Chilichonse chimene chalephera kapena chopanga chitokoso kupangitsa kulembetsa otenga mbali a wotsatirayo.

Kulimbana ndi Magulu Olamulira ndi Ngozi

Mabureacracy ndi mabungwe osunga mwambo. Njira zogwirira ntchito zimene zimalola gulu lalikulu kugwira ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri zimaletsa kulolera ndi kumasuka kofunikira ndi kukhala ndi phande lowona. Atumiki a m’boma angatsutse njira zapadera chifukwa chakuti amawawona kukhala osokoneza luso lawo, ochedwetsa, kapena otsegukapo kuti asokonezeke pa zandale. Kugonjetsa zimenezi kumafuna utsogoleri wamphamvu kuchokera pamwamba, maluso amene amafupa mphoto, ndi maprogramu ophunzitsa amene amakonzetsa nduna za boma kukhala ndi maluso ofunika kuti zipangedwe ndi kuyendetsa mbali zina za ndalere.

Luso la Zamakono Limayambitsa Mavuto

Komabe, luso la zopangapanga lathandiza kuti anthu azitha kuchita zinthu mosamala kwambiri.

Makina Opanga Malo Oti Akhale Ofuna Kudzikhululukira

Mapulatifomu otsegulidwa ndi zipinda monga Decididim (woyambitsidwa mu Barcelona) ndi Consul (wokulitsidwa ku Madrid) atengedwa ndi mazana a mizinda kuzungulira dziko lapansi, kutheketsa nzika kugamula, kutsutsana, ndi kuvota pa malamulo a boma. Mapulatifomu a Taiwan amagwiritsira ntchito chipangizo cha Pol.is kugamula ndi kuswekera kwa mipenizo pakati pa zikwizikwizikwi za otengamo mbali pa nkhani zocholoŵa m'malo ovuta. Zipangizo zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti kugawana kwa makompyuta sikuyenera kukhala kopanda maziko "ngati" kapena nsalu za mawu. Mwamapanga madongosolo ogwirizana bwino ndi kupanga zosankha zalamulo, mapulatime a manambala angason angason oyenerera bwino pamlingo umene ungakhale wosatheka ndi nkhani za m'misonkhano yokha.

Kugaŵanika kwa Masamu ndi Malamulo a Aligoliti

Kudalira zipangizo za magetsi kumawonjezera nkhaŵa za anthu. Kugaŵanitsa mlingo kwa makompyuta kumaphatikizapo osati kungogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi intaneti; kuphatikizapo kuphunzira ndi kulemba ndi kulemba, ndi kukhulupirira makompyuta a pa Intaneti. Kudalira kwakukulukulu pa makompyuta sikungaletse okalamba, osauka, ndi anthu okhala ndi malire. Kuwonjezera apo, maajensi amene mphamvu zimenezi sizili za uchete. Amapanga zosankha zokhudza zimene zili m’makompyuta, mmene angayambitsire malingaliro, ndi mmene angaonere molakwa. Makhalidwe ndi malingaliro osankhidwawa omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi democrase. Kulamulira kwa makompyuta kumafuna kuti kutengamo mbali kwa makompyuta kukhale koonekeratu, ndi malamulo omveka bwino a mathero a mathero achinsinsi.

Kulinganiza: Kutengamo Mbali m’Boma

Manda a ulamuliro wabwino ali ndi ntchito zambiri zimene zalephera kulinganiza kapena kupulumuka kusintha kwa utsogoleri wandale zadziko.

Kupereka Ufulu wa Kuloŵa M’dziko Mwalamulo ndi Kuphatikana Mwamwambo

Madongosolo okhalitsa kwambiri opereka chilango ndiwo aja okhala ndi maziko alamulo. Malamulo amene amafuna kufufuza kwapoyera pa mitundu yakutiyakuti ya zosankha, amene amalamula kupangidwa kwa mabungwe a nzika zoyang'anira, kapena kuti amatsimikizira mbali ya kulinganiza kwa bajeti ya pachaka yopanga dongosolo limene lingathe kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi boma limodzi. Lamulo la Brazil pa malamulo alamulo ogawa malamulo ndi malamulo a European Union ofunikira kuti aperekere chithandizo kwa anthu onse pa mfundo zazikulu za malamulo a boma ndi zitsanzo za kukhazikitsa lamulo kumeneku.

Kupereka Ndalama ndi Udindo wa Akatswiri

Kutengamo mbali kumafuna bajeti. Ofesi zopatulidwa za antchito, monga Office of Public Accounting in the White House kapena Department of Housesment ku Los Angeles, zimapereka mphamvu ya gulu yofunikira kulinganiza, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kupenda njira zothandizira. Ofesi zimenezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi akatswiri a zachinyengo, chigamulo cha nkhondo, kufufuza za chidziŵitso, ndi kulinganiza chitaganya. Kutenga mbali monga ntchito yapadera m’malo mwa ntchito yowonjezera ntchito ya antchito apamudzi ovutika kumakhala kowopsa kaamba ka chipambano.

Chikhalidwe cha Kuphunzira ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito

Njira yoperekera zigawenga siikhala yolondola. Kupanga dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka malamulo ka kakhalidwe ka zinthu kumafuna kutsimikiza mtima kuphunzira. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kupenda mosamalitsa njira za pangano la ukwati, kufalitsa zotsatira zake, ndi kusintha zochita poyankha kwa onse aŵiri otengamo mbali ndi antchito a m’boma. Maboma ayenera kukhala ofunitsitsa kuyesa, kulephera, ndi kulephera. Kusiya mwambowu ndi kunyalanyaza njira zamwambo zopeŵera kuopsa ndi kuwongolera maganizo awo kuti apeŵe kupambana pa kuphunzira ndi kukhudzana ndi kukhudzana.

Zochitika Zosonyeza Mphamvu ya Nzika

Nthanthi ya kulamulira kwapadera imamvedwa bwino koposa kupyolera m’malere a chidziŵitso cha konkiri. Nkhani zingapo zochokera kuzungulira dziko zimasonyeza kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa pangano la nzika zoikidwa bwino.

Kusintha kwa Nzika za Ireland ndi Malamulo

Mwinamwake chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha msonkhano wa nzika zimene zili ndi moyo wachindunji, chiyambukiro chosatsutsika pa lamulo la dziko ndi msonkhano wa nzika za Ireland wa 2016-2018. Gulu losankhidwa la nzika 99 linapatsidwa ntchito yolingalira nkhani zingapo zotsutsana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mimba, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi ntchito ya akazi pa moyo wa anthu. Pamapeto a mlungu, msonkhanowu unamvedwa ndi akatswiri, magulu a anthu a zachitukuko, ndi anthu amene anakhala ndi chidziŵitso. Zikalata zawo zinafalitsidwa ndi kuperekedwa ku Palamende ya Ireland. Crucily, chivomerezo cha msonkhanowo cha kubwezeretsa chiletso cha kuchotsa mimba chinaikidwa mwachindunji ku bungwe loimira dziko lonse, lomwe linadutsa ndi 66% ya voti. Nkhani imeneyi imapereka umboni wamphamvu kuti nzika wamba, nthaŵi yabwino, ndi chidziŵitso choyenera, chiganitsiridwe bwino pa nkhani zambiri, pa nkhani yoganikiza nkhani yoganika.

Kupanga Ndalama ku Porto Alegre, Brazil

Kuyambira mu 1989, mzinda wa Porto Alegre unachita ntchito yopanga bajeti yapadera ya (PB) yomwe inakhala chizindikiro cha dziko lonse. Nzika za m'madera osiyanasiyana zinasankha mwachindunji mmene zingaperekere gawo la ndalama za kampani. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: m'zaka khumi, chiŵerengero cha mabanja okhala ndi mautumiki a madzi chinakwera kuchokera pa 80% mpaka 98%, ndipo chigawo cha mautumiki a m’zimbudzi chinakwera kuchokera pa 46% mpaka 85%. Mchitidwe wa PB unathandiza kuti madera a m’madera a m’mbuyomu akwawo achepetse ziphuphu, ndi kuwongolera chipambano cha malonda a anthu. Pamene pulogalamuyi ina inayang'anizana ndi mavuto andale ndipo inayamba kuchepa zaka zotsatira, choloŵa chake ndi ntchito yapadziko lonse imene ikuphatikiza mizinda yambiri lerolino.

Democracy Ecosystem ya Direcracy ya Taiwan

Taiwan wayambitsa chimodzi cha zinthu zokhala ndi makompyuta otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Chipangizo cha Vtaiwan, chomwe chinayambitsidwa pothandizana ndi anthu a zaumisiri, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mfundo zogwirizana pa nkhani za malamulo kuyambira Uber ndi Airbnb ku manambala a ndalama zothandizira. Njirayi ikuyamba ndi nyengo yotsegula pa kukambirana kwa pulogalamu ya magetsi, ikumatsatiridwa ndi chipangizo chachikulu chofufuzira pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha Pol.chi chimene chimasonyezedwa pa msonkhano wapadera wa anthu osunga mitengo ndi akuluakulu a boma, amene kenaka amadzipereka ku njira yothandizira kukonza zinthu. Pulogalamuyo imayendera njira yosonyezera mmene zida zamakono zingawongokhalira m’malo mwa kuyang'malo mwa kuyang'kawomba ndi kusagwirizana.

Mapeto ake: Chizoloŵezi Chopitirizabe cha Ulamuliro wa Malamulo

Kutenga nawo mbali m’midzi si njira yokha yopezera zida kapena njira yochitira zinthu ndi anthu.

Kulimbana ndi maulamuliro amakono , kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga, kusalingana, ndi kusalingana kwa anthu n’kovuta kwambiri kuti boma lililonse lithetse lokha. Zimafuna nzeru, luso, ndi mphamvu za nzika zonse. Mwakupanga njira zolimba, zokhalira ndi anthu onse, ndi zogwiritsa ntchito, maboma sangabwezeretse kudalirana ndi kuyenerera kwalamulo komanso angapangenso zosankha zodalirika kwambiri. Mkhalidwe wa demokrase umayesedwa osati kokha ndi kukondera kwake, koma ndi kukambitsirana kopitirizabe pakati pa boma ndi anthu ukuyenera kutumikira.