Kuŵerengera kwa zaka mabiliyoni ambiri ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimachitikira pa kusonkhanitsa zinthu zimene boma la United States linachita. Zaka khumi zilizonse, bungwe loona za Census limayesa kuŵerengera munthu aliyense wokhala m’dzikolo, njira imene imasankha kuimira kwa ndale ndi kugawidwa kwa madola mazana mabiliyoni m'makampani a boma. Pakati pa malo ovuta kwambiri amene akhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za kalembera ndizo zoyendera. Kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wa misewu ya kumaloko kufikira ku kukwera kwa anthu onse, kulondola kwa kalemberako kumakhudza chuma chimene anthu amalandira kuti apange, kusunga, ndi kuyendetsa makampani awo amakono. Pamene kutenga nawo mbali pa zoyenderapo kapena kuŵerengera kwake kuli kolakwika, zotsatirapo za njira iliyonse ya ulendo, yokhudza chitetezo, mwaŵi, ndi moyo.

Ntchito ya Chiŵerengero Chochepa cha Nthaŵi Zonse m’Mafuko Okhalako

Kuŵerengera kwa U.S. kwalamulidwa ndi Konsichushoni ndipo kumatumikira monga maziko a kuyendetsa mosakondera. Chiŵerengero cha anthu chotengedwa ku kubalako chagwiritsiridwa ntchito kugawana mipando m'Nyumba ya Oimira ndi kujambula madera osankhika pa boma ndi m'miyezo ya kumaloko. Koma chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti ntchito ya kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga ikhale yokhudza kugaŵira ndalama za boma. Malinga ndi Census Bureaual , zoposa $1,5 biliyoni ya ndalama za boma zowonongedwa chaka chilichonse zimatsogozedwa ndi ziŵerengero za anthu. Ndalama zimenezi zimachirikiza maprogramungwe a za za chigawo cha Mdid ndi sukulu kuchokera ku mapulogalamu ndi mabwalo a panja ndi ntchito zapoti.

Kuyendera anthu, kuŵerengera anthu kumapangidwa ndi njira zimene zimasankha mmene ndalama zimayendera kuchokera ku Washington kupita ku mayiko ena, madera a m'mizinda, ndi maboma. Nkhani zofunika kwambiri ndi monga chiwerengero cha anthu, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndi chiŵerengero cha mabanja opanda galimoto. Zinthu zimenezi zimachokera ku kuŵerengera kwa declibration komanso ku American Community Survey (ACS), kufufuza kopitiriza kumene kumawonjezera kuŵerengera anthu ndi zinthu zambiri zokhudza chuma. Popanda kutenga nawo mbali molondola, makampani a za makampani opanga maatomala a zoyendera amene amapanga ndalama panthaneti yosanja.

Mmene Malo Oyendera Amathandizira Kupanga Malo Oŵerengera

Malo ambiri a boma a ndalama zoyendetsera amaloledwa kudzera mu Ifrastra Revement and Jobs Act (IJA) ndipo amagawiridwa kudzera m'maprogramu okhazikitsidwa. Njira zimenezi zimakonzedwa kuti zipereke zinthu zofunikira pa zofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Maprogramu ofunika kwambiri akuphatikizapo:

  • [[NTL:0] Programu za Suray Trust Fund (HTF): [[FTF] Makonzere a ndalama za boma za misewu, HTF imagawira ndalama kudutsa ku National Highway Performation Program (NHP), Surace Transportation Block Grant Program (STBP), ndi Highway Safety Reprogram (HSIP). Zonsezi zimadalira pa anthu a boma, makilomita angapo, ndi galimoto zinayenda — ziŵerengero zochokera ku masamu.
  • Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Formula Grants:[FT:1] Urbated Areated Formula Program (Kusintha 5307) ndi Kuwonjezedwa Kowonetsera kwa Afeyansi ndi Odwala ndi Program (Kupunduka 5310) imagwiritsira ntchito ziŵerengero za anthu kuchokera ku kubala kwa decrebration kundation kugaŵira ndalama ku makampani a m'mizinda a ukulu wosiyana. chitaganya chimene chaŵerengedwa chaikidwa m'kasanja laling'ono, chikusoŵetsa ku miyanda ya madola m'likiti yaikulu m'sitima ndi kuchirikiza ntchito.
  • Condestion Mitigation ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino wa Mpweya (CMAQ) Programu iyi ikufuna malo amene sanafikire miyezo ya m'mlengalenga ya dziko. Njira ya ndalama imaphatikizamo anthu a m'madera oyenera. Kuŵerengera kungachepetse matchulidwe a mpweya apadera ndi kuchepetsa ndalama za ntchito zoyendetsera madera oyera.
  • . . . . imagwiritsidwa ntchito kaamba ka njira za njinga, ziwiya za kuyenda, ndi njira za zosangulutsa, Ndalama za TAP zimaperekedwa ku magawo ozikidwa pa anthu. Chiŵerengero cha kutsika chimatanthauza madola ochepera pa maprojekiti a zoyendera, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amasulitsa m'midzi yosatsatiridwa.

Kupyola njira zachindunji zimenezi, chidziŵitso chimakhudzanso kugaŵidwa kwa ndalama za ntchito zapamsika, kuwolokera chitetezo, ndi zipata za . Dipatimenti ya Transportation U.S. . imagogomezera bwino lomwe kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu olondola nchofunika pokonzekera ndi popereka ndalama zoyendetsera zimene zikukwaniritsa zosoŵa za anthu owonjezereka ndi osinthasintha.

Zotsatirapo za Kuchuluka kwa Zoyendera

Pamene kalembera wa anthu ali wochepa, kuchuluka kwa anthu oyenda kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zopweteka kwambiri ndiponso zokhalitsa. Anthu amene ali ndi umphaŵi wadzaoneni, anthu ochepa, kapena olankhula Chingelezi, nthaŵi zambiri amasoŵa ndi kalembera. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti m'madera amene akupezeka asamalandire ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chuma chisayende bwino, ndiponso kuti moyo ukhale wotsika.

Mwachitsanzo, mzinda umene umalephera kugwiritsa ntchito khoka lambiri ukhoza kutayikiridwa ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri m’misewu ndipo njira zoyendera zimapatsa ndalama zaka zoposa 10. Chifukwa chakuti njira zatsopano zothandizira anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaposachedwapa mpaka pamene anthu adzaona kuti afika pa nthawi yotsatira, kutanthauza kuti vuto la mu 202020 limakhudza ndalama za anthu kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2032. Mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo, misewu ingawonongeke popanda kudutsa, mabasi angadulidwe, ndipo njanji zatsopano zingachedwe kapena kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha kusoŵa ndalama zokwanira.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Kusagwirizana kwa Ndalama Zapadziko Lonse

Kafukufuku wa kalembera wa m'mbuyomu akusonyeza kuti zinthu zinasintha. Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa anthu mumzinda wa Detroit mu 2010, anthu anatsika kwambiri, koma ambiri anatsutsa kuti anthu masauzande anasoŵa, makamaka m’madera ovuta kukafikako. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mzindawo unayenera kuchepetsa kudutsa kwake ndi kukonza bajeti ya msewu panthawi imene zinthu za m'mafakitale zinali zitawonongeka. Mofananamo, madera akumidzi omwe analephera kuyankha bwino zinthu mu 2010 anaona kuti malo a Transit Active Program ya program ya kuchepetsa ntchito ndi chithandizo cha zaumoyo.

Kusanthula kochitidwa ndi Office ya Umboni ya Government kunapeza kuti ziŵerengero zochepera m'2020 CV zinali zowopsa kwambiri mwa ana achichepere, obwereka nyumba, ndi mabanja a Hispanic . Chifukwa chakuti magulu ameneŵanso amadalira kwambiri pa zoyendera za onse, kutayikiridwa kwa ndalama kwa amene afunikira madongosolo oyendera olimba kwambiri.

Zolepheretsa Kuŵerengera Anthu ndi Kukhudza Kwake Zoyendera

Kudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ena sawerengedwa n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu ayambe kuwerenga anthu mosiyanasiyana komanso kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kudalirana ndi Kuda Nkhaŵa za Umbeta

Kusakhulupirira boma ndi chinthu chachikulu, makamaka pakati pa anthu osamukira m’dziko, a mitundu, ndi awo amene ayang’aniridwa kapena kusankhidwa. Kuyesa kwa akuluakulu a Trump kuwonjezera kufunsa za unzika pa 2020 Chunition kuwonjezera mantha akuti yankho lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito posungitsa anthu osamukira kudziko. Ngakhale kuti funsoli linatsekedwa, zotsatirapo zinapitirizabe. Anthu akaopa kuti anthu apeze anthu, sangakhale ogwirizana nawo, ndipo zotsatira zake n’zakuti anthu asiya kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za zoyendera — mtengo weniweni umene umawonjezera kusadalirana.

Zopinga za Chinenero ndi Kupezeka

Kudzipatula kwa zinenero ndi vuto lina lalikulu. Kuwerenga anthu m’zinenero zambiri, koma anthu ambiri amene sanadziwebe Chingelezi akulimbanabe ndi Intaneti kapena pepala. M’madera amene anthu amalankhula zinenero zina ku Chingelezi, anthu ambiri salabadira kwenikweni. Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu amagwira ntchito m’madera omwewa, ndipo amapereka malo ogona m’mabasi ndi m'malo oyenda omwe angakhale oyenerera kuti anthu anenedwe m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana.

Anthu Ovuta Kuwawerenga

Anthu ena ngovuta kuŵerengera: anthu opanda nyumba, anthu okhala m'magulu, antchito oyendayenda, ndi awo a m’madera akumidzi opanda maadiresi oyenerera. Kwa olinganiza zoyendera, magulu ameneŵa alinso pakati pa odalira kwambiri pa ulendo wapoyera ndi wosanyamula. Anthu opanda nyumba asoŵa ndalama zothandizira kumanga nyumba, njira zopezera ntchito, ndi kuwongolera chitetezo pafupi ndi misewu kumene anthu amakhala osatetezeka.

Maluso Owonjezera Chiŵerengero cha Oyenda M’madera Oyendamo

Chifukwa chakuti ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zimayendera limodzi ndi kalembera wolondola, mabungwe oyendetsa sitima, mabungwe okonza za m’mizinda (MPOS), ndi mayiko amene amathandiza kuti anthu azichita kalembera.

Kugwirizana ndi Makampani Osinthana ndi Makampani ndi Ma MPOS

Makampani oyendetsa anthu ali kale ndi njira zolankhulirana ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Mkati mwa zaka za kuŵerenga anthu, mabungwe angapereke zisonyezero za kuthamanga, zizindikiro zapampambo, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zikwangwani za manambala pa mabasi ndi sitima kukumbutsa okwera kuti akwaniritse kuŵerengerako. Makampani ena a kampani a kampani apereka magalimoto aulere ku malaibulale kapena malo a anthu kumene kuli chithandizo. Ma MPO, amene amagwirizanitsa zoyendera za nthaŵi yaitali m'madera a m'madera osiyanasiyana, angapange ndandanda ya kuŵerenga anthu m'ntchito zawo za onse. Brobings Institution yazindikira kuti mayanjano otero ali otsika ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pokwaniritsa anthu oyenda.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Oyendera Odziŵira Chiŵerengero cha Anthu

Mabwisi, masiteshoni a sitima, ndi malo osungirako zigaŵenga ndi malo apamwamba kumene kukweza anthu kukhoza kufika kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa malo oŵerengera anthu ndi mapale ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa (kutsatira malangizo a zaumoyo wa anthu) kungapeze mayankho a anthu amene mwina sangakhale ndi phande. Mu 2020, mizinda ingapo inaika Ouncial Bureau yoimira malo aakulu operekera anthu, zomwe zinachititsa kumaliza kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Mamidzi ameneŵa alinso malo achibadwa operekera chidziŵitso chonena za kufunika kwa kalembera kwa misewu yakwawo ndi mapulogalamu.

Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mapulogalamu

Okonza njira zoyendera angagwiritse ntchito zinthu zawo poona ngati malo amene anthu akuwerenga akulephera kuwerenga kwambiri.

2020 Chiŵerengero cha Opereka Magalimoto ndi Zovuta Zake

Chiŵerengero cha 2020 chinakumana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri chifukwa cha mliri wa Chovid-19, masoka achilengedwe, ndi kuloŵerera kwa ndale. Chivomerezo cha kudziimira okha chinali 66.5%, chotsika kuposa mu 2010 (76.3%). Ngakhale kuti akatswiri ambiri anatsatira mabodza, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti 2020 Census inali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba, makamaka cha ana, anthu akuda ndi Aspanishi, ndi anthu okhala m’madera akumidzi.

Mavuto Amene Anakhalapo M’nyengo ya 2020

Mliriwu unakakamiza bungwe la Census Bureau kuchedwetsa ntchito, ndipo ndandanda yachidule ya makompyuta inachititsa nkhaŵa ponena za kuchuluka kwa makompyuta. Ndiponso, kuyesayesa kwa boma la Trump kusapereka anthu osamukira ku dziko lina kunachititsa kusokonezeka ndi mantha. Makampani ambiri a zamalonda analengeza za kufunika kwa kuŵerengedwa kokwanira ndi kolondola, koma malo osokoneza anapangitsa kukhala kovuta kugwirizanitsa kothandiza kutulukira bwino.

Kusintha ndi Kufufuza kwa Madendesi a Maderesi

Census Bureau imagwiritsira ntchito kufufuza kwa pambuyo pa kupenda kuyerekezera kulakwa kwa masikito. Zotsatirapo za 2020 Post-Enumerics zinasonyeza kuti anthu a ku Spain anali ndi khoka la 4.99%, pamene anthu a ku Spain omwe sanali Azungu anali ndi khoka lopitirira 0.2%.2%. Makampaniwa adzakhudza ndalama zoikizidwa m'ma 2020. Mitu ya anthu a ku Spain adzalandira ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi zimene ali nazo, kufutukumula kwa mapepala a , amene alipo. DOT. . DOT. Yavomereza kuti nkhaniyi ili ndi njira zosinthira kuvomereza malamulo odziŵika, koma masinthidwe oterowo ndi ovuta ndi ovuta ndi ogwirizana ndi malamulo.

Kutsogoloku: Kulinganiza Chiŵerengero cha Anthu ndi Zamayendedwe za 2030

Ndi 2030 Census , osunga magalimoto ali ndi mpata wokonzekera. Masitepe ofunika akuphatikizapo kuchirikiza ndalama zokwanira zothandizira anthu pa Intaneti, kulimbikitsa njira zothandizira anthu osoŵa Intaneti posamalira mapepala, ndiponso kukonzanso zinthu zokhala ndi chikhulupiriro mwa kukhazikitsa anthu. Ofufuza ayamba kale kufufuza za kugwiritsa ntchito zolemba za boma ndi zolemba zina za makompyuta kuti apeze mfundo zolondola, zimene zingachepetse kudalira munthu amene wadziimira yekha. Komabe, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ikutsala: munthu aliyense amene wasoŵa sadalira ndalama zambiri za misewu, mabuloni, mabasi, ndi sitima zimene anthu amadalira.

Olinganiza za kayendedwe ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga mwa kuphatikiza kudziŵitsidwa kwa anthu pa pulogalamu yawo yofala. Makampani osunga anthu, kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta, ndi kugwirizana ndi masukulu ndi mabungwe odalira chikhulupiriro angayambitse chikhalidwe cha kugawana nawo. Kuwonjezera apo, ma DOT ndi ma MPO angatengemo mbali mu programu ya Censues Bureault Countrity of Censureares (LUCA) kutsimikizira kuti mpambo wa maadiresi ngolondola, kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha nyumba zimene zinaphonya.

Kumaliza: Chifukwa Chake Kuyankha Kuli Kofunika kwa Wolamulira Wanu

Kugwirizana pakati pa kuŵerenga anthu ndi ziwiya za kayendedwe n’komveka kwambiri. Munthu mmodzi amene sanawerengedwe angaoneke ngati wosafunika, koma mumzinda wonse wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, zotsatira zake zingafike pa madola mamiliyoni ambiri amene awonongeka chaka chilichonse. Kuwononga ndalama kumeneku kumasintha m'maboo amene sadzaza, njira za mabasi zimene sizikukwera, mabasi amene samangidwa, ndi njanji zimene sizingayendere kutsogolo.

Aliyense — kuyambira pa ulendo wa magalimoto kufikira kwa oyendetsa magalimoto kufikira kwa makolo oyenda ndi ana kupita kusukulu — amapindula pamene chitaganya chawo chiŵerengedwa mokwanira. Kutengamo mbali kotheratu sikuli kokha ntchito ya boma; kuli kofunika kumanga ndi kusunga dongosolo la zoyendera limene limatumikira nzika zonse za ku Amereka mosalakwika. Kuŵerengeranso kotsatira sikuli kutali, ndipo ntchito yokulitsa kuzindikira, kudalirana, ndi kuchotsa malire iyenera kuyamba tsopano.