Kuzindikira Chilungamo

Malamulo a boma asintha kwambiri zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a dziko lapansi.

Pazosavuta, kulinganiza koyenerera kumatanthauza kuti boma liyenera kutsatira malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi kuchitira anthu ulemu ndi chilungamo. Pamene malamulo amenewo aswedwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa, zoyenera zanu zingaswedwe. Kudziŵa mmene mungawone kuswa malamulo koteroko ndiko sitepe loyamba la kudzitetezera.

Kupenda Mosamalitsa Mbali Ziŵiri za Njira Yoyenera

Kumvetsetsa kochuluka kwa makambitsirano a dongosolo loyenera kumachiswa kukhala magulu aŵiri osiyana, uliwonse ukumagwira ntchito yosiyana.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera: Mmene Zimayendera

Ntchito yoyenerera isumika pa maprocedes boma liyenera kutsatira lisanachotse moyo wanu, ufulu, kapena katundu wanu. Limatsimikiza kuti mukulandira:

  • Notice: [[FLT:] Muyenera kudziŵitsidwa za machitidwe alionse alamulo kapena milandu pa inu panthaŵi yake ndi yomveka bwino.
  • Kumva: Muli ndi kuyenera kwa kupereka umboni, kuitana mboni, ndi kuvomereza nkhani ya boma.
  • Kupatula Makina- Wopanga: Woweruza kapena ofisala wakumva ayenera kukhala wosatenga mbali ndi wosasankha.
  • Chithunzi cha Lagalamu: M'milandu yaupandu, muli ndi kuyenera kwa loya. M'nkhani zambiri za boma, mungakhalebe ndi kuyenera kwa kupereka uphungu.
  • Appal: Mwayi wotsutsa chigamulo choipa.

Ngati chinthu chilichonse mwa zinthu zimenezi chikusoweka kapena kupotozedwa, njira yochipangira ingaswedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwininyumba athamangitsa mwininyumba popanda kutumiza chidziŵitso cholembedwa choyamba ndi mwaŵi wakuonekera m’khoti, zimenezo zingakhale kuswa lamulo koyenera.

Zimene Zimafunika: Zimene Zingachitike

Chiyeneretso choyenera chimakhudza ntchito ya boma ya ntchito ya boma . Kaya lamulo lenilenilo nlolungama ndi lolemekeza zoyenera zina zazikulu. Ngakhale ngati boma litsatira njira zonse zolondola, lingaswebe njira yoyenerera ngati liswa lamulo lodziŵika kukhala lofunika.

  • Ukwati ndi maunansi a banja
  • Kudziimira pawekha
  • Kuyenda ndi kuyenda
  • Kulera ana
  • Kutulutsa madzi

Khoti Lalikulu la ku United States lakhazikitsa mfundo yakuti ufulu woterewu uyenera kutetezedwa ndi boma lopanda nzeru.

Chifukwa Chake Zinthu Zikuchitikabe Movuta Masiku Ano

Kutsatira malamulo sikuli kumbuyo, ndipo kumakhala kofunika kwambiri m’moyo wamakono wa anthu a ku America, kuyambira pa chiweruzo cha upandu mpaka pa milandu ya boma.

  • Kutha kwa ntchito yapoyera: Antchito a boma angakhale ndi chikondwerero cha katundu ku ntchito yawo ndipo ali ndi ufulu wa kudziŵitsa ndi kumvetsera asanachotsedwe ntchito.
  • Mapindu a Welfere: [ Anthu olandira chithandizo cha boma sangachotse mapindu awo popanda chidziŵitso choyenera ndi mwaŵi wa kutsutsa chosankha.
  • Chilango chakusukulu ya boma: Ophunzira a pasukulu okakamizidwa kapena kuthamangitsidwa ali ndi ngongole ya kumvetsera mwamwayi ndi kudziŵa milanduyo ndi mwaŵi wa kulongosola mbali yawo.
  • Zosankha za chisamaliro: Odwala angakanizidwe mankhwala ena popanda njira yofunikira, makamaka m'zipatala za boma.

Mkulu wapolisi angakugwireni popanda kukuuzani; wogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu angakuchotseni ana anu popanda kukufotokozerani; woweruza angalamulire popanda kukulolani kulankhula.

Mukhoza kuŵerenga zambiri ponena za mbiri ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kwamakono kwa kachitidwe koyenera pa Cornell Legal Information Institute yopatulidwa [[FLT: 1].

Kuswa Kofala kwa Dziko: Chofunika Kusamala

Kuswa malamulo kwa nthaŵi zonse kumachitika m’makhoti aupandu, m’milandu ya boma, m’zembe za sukulu, ndipo ngakhale m’kukambitsirana ndi mabungwe a boma.

Kukana Kuimira Kwalamulo

Chigamulo cha Khoti Lapamwamba mu Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) chinatsimikizira maloya a oimbidwa mlandu olakwa m'milandu. Pambuyo pake chigamulo chinafutukula chigamulo chakuti kuyenera ku milandu yolakwika kwa anthu ambiri kumene nthaŵi ya ndende ili yothekera. Ngati mugwidwa ndi kuimbidwa mlandu wa upandu, muyenera kuuzidwa za kuyenera kwanu kwa loya. Ngati mulibe mmodzi, boma liyenera kukhazikitsa mmodzi. Kukakamizidwa kupita kukazenga mlandu popanda loya woweruza [1] kapena kukakamizidwa kuletsa kuti nthaŵi ya ndendeyo ikhale yoyenerera popanda kumvetsetsa zimene mukupereka.

Oweruza Oipa Kapena Oimba

Kupanda tsankho ndi maziko a kachitidwe ka zinthu. Ngati woweruza ali ndi chopinga chaumwini kapena cha ndalama pa chotulukapo cha mlandu wanu, kapena ngati chiŵalo cha ajuli chisonyeza kukondera, muli ndi kuyenera kwa kupempha woweruza wina kapena kutsutsa woweruza wina. Makhoti ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi tsankho. Ngati alephera kuchita zimenezo, chilungamo cha onse chaikidwa pambali.

Sayenera Kuzindikira Kapena Kulephera

Simungadzitetezere ku zimene simukudziŵa. Mchitidwe umafunikira kuti mulandire chidziŵitso chokwanira [1] osati kalata yosadziŵika bwino koma ndemanga yomveka ya zinenezo, umboni, ndi deti la kugamula mlandu. Ngati bungwe la boma likutumiza chidziŵitso ku keyala yolakwika kapena kukupatsani masiku angapo kuti muyankhe nkhani yovuta yalamulo, kuyenera kwanu kwa kachitidwe koyenera kuchitika.

Zosankha Zovuta Kapena Zoopsa

Zigamulo za boma ziyenera kukhala ndi maziko oyenera ochirikizidwa ndi umboni. Ngati bungwe lina lakana kufunsira kwanu chilolezo kapena kuchotsa laisensi popanda kulongosola zifukwa kapena kudalira pa umboni uliwonse, chosankha chimenecho chingakhale chongopeka.

Kulephera Kupereka Kumvetsera Kopindulitsa

Kumvetsera sikuli kokha mwambo. Kuyenera kukulolani kupereka umboni, umboni wa mafunso, ndi kupanga mikangano. Ngati kumvetsera kuchitidwa mothamanga, popanda kukulolani kulankhula, kapena popanda kukupatsani umboni wotsutsa inu, sikuli kwatanthauzo. M'makonzedwe a boma, monga ngati kupunduka kumapindulitsa makutu kapena misonkhano ya bungwe, kutsata kumeneku kungatsogolere ku kukana kolakwika.

Chitsogozo Pachiyeso: Chochita Ngati Mukuona Kuti Kuswa Kukusokonezani

Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu wochita zinthu waswedwa, nthaŵi zambiri zimadalira pa mfundo zotsatirazi, zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhalebe ndi ufulu wochita zinthu ndi kupeza njira youthetsera.

Mfundo 1: Muzilemba Zonse

Ngati mukuona kuti pali vuto, yambani kusunga deti, nthaŵi, mayina a anthu okhudzidwa, zimene ananena kapena zimene anachita, ndiponso zimene mwasankha. Sungani makalata, makalata, mawu, ndi mauthenga a foni. Ngati anthu ayamba kukambirana m’khoti kapena m'chipinda cha anthu, pemphani kope la CD kapena vidiyo.

Sitepe 2: Dziŵani Zoyenera Zimene Ena Achita

Dzifunseni kuti: Kodi ndi njira iti yoyenerera yoikidwiratu kapena yoikirira? Kodi inakanidwa? Wopanga chigamulo chopanda tsankho, Wopanga chigamulo chalamulo? Lembani mmene kachitidwe ka boma kanapereŵera. Kudziŵa bwino lomwe kudzakuthandizani inuyo ndi loya wanu kulinganiza mfundo yalamulo.

Mfundo 3: Fufuzani Kachipangizo Kochititsa Chidwi

Malamulo ofunikira a ntchito ali ovuta ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amafunikira kuvomereza kwa lamulo. Funani loya amene ali ndi luso la zoyenera za anthu, lamulo lalamulo, kapena lamulo lauyang’aniro. Mabungwe ambiri a zalamulo ndi osapindula, monga ngati ACLU’s Process Process , perekani zinthu kapena ma acherectoral . Kukambitsirana koyamba kaŵirikaŵiri nkwaufulu.

Sitepe 4: Chokanipo Chidandaulo Chamkati Kapena Chikondwerero

Mwachitsanzo, ngati sukulu ya boma yaphwanya malamulo a mwana wanu pa nthawi imene akunyozedwa, mungapite kwa akuluakulu a sukuluyo.

Mfundo 5: Ganizirani Lamulo Limene Lingakuthandizeni

Ngati mankhwala a m’thupi alephera, mungafunikire kulembetsa mlandu pa 42 U.S.C. . mu 1983, umene umalola anthu kusumira boma ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti aphwanye ufulu wa anthu. Nthaŵi zina, mukhozanso kubweretsa chinenezo pansi pa Demendment yachisanu yokha yotsutsana ndi akuluakulu a boma. Loya wa boma angakuthandizeni kudziŵa njira yabwino koposa yalamulo.

Malamulo Opanga Malo Ooneka Abwino Amene Anasintha

Matanthauzo a kachitidwe koyenera asinthidwa m’zaka makumi ambiri za zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu. milandu imeneyi imasonyeza mmene mtengowo ungakhalire waukulu ndi mmene Bwalo Lamilandu lagwirira ntchito kutetezera ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha.

Gideon ndi Wainwright (1963)

Clarence Gideon anali wosauka ndipo anapezeka ndi mlandu wothyola nyumba ya m’dziwe la dziwelo ndipo boma la Florida linakana kukhazikitsa munthu mmodzi.

Miranda ndi Arizona (1966)

Ernesto Miranda anamangidwa ndi kuulula kuti anaba anthu ndi kugwirira chigololo pambuyo pa maola aŵiri akufunsidwa ndi apolisi, popanda kuuzidwa kuti ali ndi ufulu wakukhala chete kapena kukhala ndi loya. Khoti Lapamwamba linanena kuti kufunsidwa mlandu kwa munthu kuyenera kuphatikizapo machenjezo apadera kuti ateteze ufulu wa Kusintha kwa Malamulo wachisanu ndi kukana kudzivulaza. “machenjezo a ku Miranda” ali chotulukapo cha kusamala koyenera.

Goldberg v. Kelly (1970)

Mlanduwu unawonjezeranso chitetezo choyenerera kwa olandira chithandizo. Khotilo linagamula kuti mzinda wa New York ungathe kuchotsa mapindu a munthu popanda kuzenga mlandu. Chigamulo chokhazikitsidwa chakuti ngakhale pamene phindu la boma laikidwa pamtengo, olandira ali ndi ufulu wozindikira, mwaŵi wa kupereka umboni, ndi wopanga zosankha wopanda tsankho.

Rochin . California (1952)

Apolisi analoŵa m’nyumba ya Rochin, kutsegula pakamwa pake, ndi kupotoza mimba yake kuti apeze umboni. Khoti Lapamwambalo linatsutsa khalidwelo kukhala “lopanda pake ndi lonyansa” ndi kunena kuti linaswa njira yoyenerera. Mlandu umenewu umasonyeza kuti khalidwe la apolisi lopanda chilungamo kwambiri kapena lochititsa mantha kwambiri lingakhale kuswa lamulo loyenerera, mosasamala kanthu kuti njirazo zinatsatira.

Mavuto Amene Adzabwere

M’zaka za m’ma 2000 zino, anthu ambiri akuvutika ndi zinthu monga tekinoloji, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akusamuka, ndi kukhazikitsa boma kuti likhale logwirizana ndi boma.

Umboni wa Makompyuta ndi Zinthu Zochuluka

Boma limagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zofufuza zinthu .cell secopyrights , kuyang'ana nkhope, kukumba migodi . Ngati boma lisonkhanitsa umboni popanda chilolezo kapena kulephera kuvumbula mmene linapezera chidziŵitso cha foni, oimbidwa mlandu angamanidwe mwaŵi woyenera kutsutsa umboniwo. Khoti Lapamwamba linayamba kusamalira nkhani zimenezi m'mikhalidwe yonga ngati Carpeter v. United States (2088) , imene inanena kuti boma limafunikira chilolezo chakutenga mafaelo a pafoni.

Makhoti Osuntha ndi Kusudzulidwa

Malamulo ozenga milandu kaŵirikaŵiri alibe chitetezo chonse choyenera cha khoti la apandu. Anthu osaopa boma angasungidwe kwa miyezi yambiri popanda kuganiziridwa, kulephera kupatsidwa uphungu waulere walamulo, kapena kuthamangitsidwa popanda kuwona woweruza wopanda tsankho. Malipoti a makutu ofulumira ndi kuchepa kwa chinenero atulutsa alonda. Magulu a a akhama akupitiriza kusonkhezera kusintha zinthu kuti abwezeretse njira yoyenerera m'dongosolo la kusamukira m'dziko.

Chilango cha Ophunzira ndi Dzina la Mlandu la Kampu IX Zikupitirizabe

Makoleji ndi mayunivesite ayenera kulinganiza chisungiko cha malo oleji ndi zoyenera za ophunzira oimbidwa mlandu. Nkhani zapamwamba zachititsa kusintha m'machitidwe a sukulu a nkhani za kugonana. Dipatimenti ya maphunziro ya 2020 Yoona za Ufulu wa Maphunziro IX imalimbikitsa kuyenera kwa kumvetsera ndi kupenda, kusonyeza mapulinsipulo oyenera. Komabe, makambitsirano akupitiriza pamlingo umene mlingo wa ntchito uli wokwanira m'maphunziro.

Mmene Maphunziro Angalimbitsire Ufulu Wochita Zinthu

Anthu amene amadziwa bwino zinthu amayesetsa kuti asamawonongedwe chifukwa amadziwa kuti ufulu wawo ndi wankhanza komanso kuti amadziimba mlandu.

Maphunziro a M’masukulu

Maphunziro ochirikiza ufulu wa anthu ayenera kuphatikizapo Bill of Rights, Geneth Amendment, ndi milandu yofunikira kuisintha. Ophunzira amene amaphunzira za Gideon ndi Manda [1] [[FLT] pasukulu yasekondale] ali okonzeka bwino kuchirikiza ufulu wawo monga achikulire. Maboma ambiri tsopano amafuna mafufuzidwe, koma ambiri angachitidwe kugogomezera chidziŵitso chothandiza cha njira yoperekera.

Malo Ochitiramo Ntchito Zalamulo m’Mtundu

Mabungwe osapanga phindu ndi makampani a bar kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi malo ochitira zinthu aulere pa zoyenera za ogona, lamulo la banja, ndi kugwirizana ndi apolisi. Kupezeka pa zochitika zoterozo kungakuthandizeni kudziŵa mfundo zofunika za kachitidwe m’mikhalidwe ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Magulu onga la Legal Services Komiti ya Mautumiki [[FLT: 1] imachirikiza maprogramu otero m'dziko lonse.

Malo Oonera Malo a Intaneti ndi Malangizo Anu

ACLU, Malamulo a National Guild, ndi mabungwe ena amapereka malangizo okhoza kukopedwa pa njira yoyenerera kaamba ka zochitika zakutizakuti . Zonga ngati muimitsidwa ndi apolisi, kapena mmene mungapindulire ndi kukana.

Kumaliza

Kuchokera ku ufulu wa loya kumka ku ufulu wodzazenga mlandu, chitetezo chimenechi chimatsimikizira kuti dongosolo la malamulo liyenera kulemekeza munthu aliyense ndi kuweruza molungama. Kuzindikira pamene zitetezerozo zaponderezedwa ndiko njira yoyamba yoperekera mlandu ku boma.

Ngati muganiza kuti kuswa lamuloko kwachitika, kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira: lembani zonse, funsani loya woyenerera, ndi kutsata apilo yapansi kapena kachitidwe kalamulo monga momwe kungafunikire.