Vuto la Kuchepetsa Umoyo m’Malo Otsika Omwe Amapeza

Matenda a maganizo amachititsa mbali yaikulu ya mtolo wa matenda padziko lonse, komabe anthu ambiri okhala m’madera otsika opezeka salandira chithandizo. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limayerekezera kuti pakati pa 76% ndi 85% a anthu okhala ndi matenda aakulu a maganizo m’maiko otsika ndi opezedwa pakati pa pakati (LMIC) sasamala. Mpata umenewu umayendetsedwa ndi msanganizo wa ndalama zochulukirapo, kupereŵera kwakukulu kwa akatswiri a zaluso, ndi kuipidwa kwa anthu. M'madera ambiri ameneŵa, ndalama zonse zaumoyo pachaka chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Malo otsika opezedwa kaŵirikaŵiri alibe ngakhale maziko enieni a zamaganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kumbali zonse za Siberia, pali madokotala aŵiri odziŵa zamaganizo pa anthu 100,000 pa avareji. Oyerekezera ndi 10 pa 100,000 alionse ku Ulaya. Manesi, ochiritsa, ndi antchito a zaumoyo a m'mudzi amaitanidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti adzaze malowo, koma samalandira maphunziro oyenera a thanzi la maganizo. Kupereŵera kumeneku kumakula ndi mfundo yakuti mautumiki a zaumoyo kaŵirikaŵiri amasungidwa m’mizinda, akumasiya anthu akumidzi osapeza chithandizo.

M’madera ambiri, anthu amaona kuti matenda a maganizo ndi chizindikiro cha kufooka kwa munthu kapena temberero, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti anthu azikumana ndi mavuto ena, ndipo anthu safuna kuti anzawo awathandize.

Ziyambukiro zachuma za matenda a maganizo osachiritsika ndizowopsa. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhaŵa zokha zimatayitsa chuma cha dziko lonse chiyerekezeredwa kukhala $11 biliyoni pachaka m'kulephera kugwira ntchito. M'malo ochepa opeza ndalama, kumene mabanja kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku, kulephera kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha matenda a maganizo kumaloŵetsa mabanja ambiri muumphaŵi. Zimenezi zimayambitsa vuto lowononga maganizo, pamene matenda a maganizo akuwonjezera umphaŵi. Kuyendetsa kayendedwe kamenekako mwachipambano, sikuli kofunikira chabe kwa makhalidwe abwino komanso kofunika pa zachuma.

Kuthandiza Anthu Padziko Lonse Pothetsa Mpata

Chithandizo chapadziko lonse chakhala chosuliza dalaivala wofuna kuwongolera matenda a maganizo m'madera osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiwonkhetso cha chithandizo chakuthupi chidakali kachigawo kakang'ono ka chithandizo cha thanzi cha onse [1] Pansi pa 1% . Maprogramu otsatizana asonyeza kuti ngakhale kutsalira ndalama pang'ono kungapereke kuwongokera kwakukulu. Kuthandiza kumathandizira kuwonjezera milingo yambiri, kuyambira kumanga maziko akuthupi mpaka kusintha maganizo a anthu.

Kupereka Mabuku Othandiza ndi Kupereka Malo Osungira Ntchito

Chimodzi cha zopereka zowoneka kwambiri za chithandizo ndicho kumanga ndi kukonzekeretsa zipatala zamaganizo. M’maiko onga Liberia, Sierra Leone, ndi Nepal, ndalama zopereka zathandiza kumanga magulu a anthu athanzi la maganizo m’zipatala zonse, kulowa mmalo mwa kudalira mabungwe a osamalira amaganizo. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka chisamaliro cha wodwala, kanthaŵi kochepa kokhalabe, ndi kutsatira mautumiki a kumbuyo m'malo ochititsa kuwonongeka. Aid imachirikizanso kupezedwa kwa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a maganizo, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amaletsedwa kapena sapezeka ndi manyowa a m'zopereka. Bungwe la za Zaumoyo la Opereka Thanzi la ku Medium Servement Act Programme (mGAP) lakhala lothandiza operekera opereka chithandizo ndi maboma kuti akonzere, machiritso ofunika kwambiri.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kumanga Nyumba za Antchito Osamalira Thanzi

Maprogramu othandizira amasumika maganizo kwambiri pa kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo osakhala apadera . M'makonzedwe ambiri otsika opezeka, mulibe akatswiri a zamaganizo okwanira kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu. Mabungwe apadziko lonse monga STAT] SYNNEDS ndi Madokotala a Mumtima A za Umoyo [[FLT:]] Maprogramu ophunzitsa anamwino, antchito a zaumoyo, ngakhale aphunzitsi kuti adziŵe mavuto a maganizo, kupereka uphungu, ndi kuyang'anira mankhwala pansi pa zitsogono. Maprogramuwa amapangidwa kuti akhale osavuta ndi ogwirizana ndi ogwirizana ndi odziŵa bwino ntchito zaumoyo, odalira pa ntchito yaumoyo imene ilipo m’malo mwa kudalira pa maluso a zaumoyo.

Kuzindikira Anthu ndi Kuchepetsa Nkhondo

Aid inathandizanso mkupiti wa zamaphunziro a anthu onse umene umachititsa kuti anthu anyozeke. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ethiopia, mkupiti wa "Ine, Not Imadwala Anga" anagwiritsira ntchito wailesi, macheza a anthu, ndi zosindikiza kutsutsa nthano za matenda a maganizo. Imodzi mwa ntchito zoyendetsera ntchito zapadziko lonse za anthu opereka chithandizo cha ndalama, inafikira mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo inagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kothekera kwa khalidwe lofuna chithandizo. Zochita zofananazo ku Uganda ndi Kenya zagwiritsira ntchito otchuka a m'dziko ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo kukhala olankhula anthu, zikumapangitsa uthengawo kukhala wofunika kwambiri. Kusunga chidziŵitso kumeneku nkofunika; popanda kuchepetsa kunyozetsa, ngakhale mautumiki othandizira ochitidwa ndi zipatala zamankhwala zidzakhalabe zotchuka.

Kuthandiza Kupeza Mankhwala Oyenera a Matenda a Dokotala

Ngakhale pamene zipatala ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa alipo, odwala sangachiritse popanda mankhwala. Maiko ambiri olandira ndalama zochepa amavutika ndi ma stock oletsa kupsinjika maganizo, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo. Thandizo lamitundu yonse limathandiza kukhazikitsa unyolo mwa kugula zinthu zambiri, kuthandizira masitolo a zamankhwala, ndi kuchirikiza kupangidwa kwa mankhwala apakati pomwe kuli kotheka. Mabungwe onga Sayansi ya thanzi yathandizana ndi mautumiki a thanzi kuwongolera ndi kugaŵira madongosolo a zaumoyo, kutsimikizira kuti mankhwala ofunika afika ku zipatala. AIF imalimbikitsanso kutulutsa mankhwala a zamaganizo pa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri, njira imene ili yothandizira kupezera chithandizo cha mankhwala.

Kupenda Maprogramu Abwino a Aids

Kusintha kwa mapulogalamu a chithandizo kukhoza kuonekera m'njira zothandizira anthu odwala komanso mmene amathandizira odwala m’madera osiyanasiyana. M’munsimu muli zitsanzo ziwiri zatsatanetsatane zimene zikusonyeza kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zathandiza kwambiri.

Sub-Saharan Africa: Mautumiki a zathanzi la Mitsempha ya Maganizo ozikidwa pa chitaganya ku Zimbabwe

Ku Zimbabwe, projekiti ya Unity Bench imapereka chitsanzo chogwira mtima cha mmene chithandizo chingathandizidwire kuthetsa kusiyana kwa chithandizo pamlingo. Poyamba chitukuko ndi kuthandizidwa ndi National Institutes of Health ndi boma la Zimbabwe, programuyi imaphunzitsa agogo .Lay .Kupereka chithandizo cha anthu okhala ndi mavuto a maganizo. "Agogo" ndi anthu odalirika m’midzi yawo, zimene zimathandiza kuthetsa kunyozedwa. Programu yagwiridwa m'zi za m'makiliniki oposa 70 m'dziko lonselo, ndi kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu [FLT:] Global Health [1] . [Akufality:] Anasonyeza kuti opezekapo akuvutika ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo. Kuthandiza ndi kuyang'anira ntchito za agogo a ku United States achirikiza ndi kuyang’anira bwino ntchito kwa kuyang’anira bwino kwa chithandizo, monga kuyang’anira bwino kwa chithandizo cha chithandizo cha chithandizo cha chithandizo.

Chitsanzo china chodziŵika kwambiri ndicho Mental Health and Poverty Project ku Ghana, yochirikizidwa ndi UK Department for International Development (tsopano Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office). Projekiti imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi thanzi la maganizo kuyang'anira ku zigawo zitatu, kuphunzitsa anamwino ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo oposa 2,000. Pamapeto a ntchitoyi, chiŵerengero cha anthu odwala matenda aakulu a maganizo amene akulandira chithandizo chinakwera kuchokera ku osakwana 10% mpaka 50%. Ntchitoyi inasonyezanso kuti thanzi la maganizo la m’makiliniki omwe alipo ndi ana ndi ana, lingawonongedwe ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchirikiza, chitsanzo chimene chakhalapo m'mayiko ena a ku West Africa.

Kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia: Kupititsa Thanzi la Maganizo M’madera a Kumidzi ku Nepal

Nepal, limodzi la maiko osauka kwambiri ku Asia, lakhala ndi mavuto aakulu pothandiza anthu odwala maganizo, makamaka pambuyo pa chivomezi cha 2015. Chithandizo cha padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo zopereka za bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse, Boma la Australian, ndi mabungwe osakhala a boma monga . Sangath . , lagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ndi kusintha maganizo a anthu. Njira yoyamba yakhala kuphunzitsa antchito osamalira zaumoyo ku chigawo cha mhaP, limodzi ndi kukhazikitsa njira zoyendera za chigawo za akatswiri a maganizo. Kufufuza kwa 2019 kupeza kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu amene analandira chithandizo cha maganizo m'zigawo chinawonjezeka ndi zaka zoposa 400 pa zitatu.

Ku Cambodia, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Cambodia yayambitsa maprogramu a zaumoyo a anthu odalirana ndi anthu a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. TPO imaphunzitsa anthu odzipereka kuti aziyendera nyumba zawo, kuti apereke chithandizo choyamba, ndi kuthandiza magulu othandizira anthu amene ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Maselo ofala pa nthawi ya kupululidwa kwa mtundu wa anthu ku Khmer Rouge ndi kusakhazikika kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Programu yakhala yachipambano kwambiri pofikira anthu a mafuko ndi anthu akumidzi. Kuthandizana ndi mabungwe monga European Union ndi USAID kwathandiza kuti programuyi ifalikire kupitirira theka la zigawo za dziko, ndi chitsanzo chamakono chasintha chifukwa cha nkhondo zina za m'madera a madera.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Pothandiza Anthu Odwala Matenda a Maganizo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zimenezi zikuyenda bwino, njira yopezera chithandizo cha maganizo chokwanira m’madera amene anthu sapeza ndalama zambiri n’njodzaza ndi mavuto.

Zopinga ndi Ubwino wa Chikhalidwe

Umoyo wamaganizo si ntchito ya anthu onse. Zimene zimapanga matenda, ndi mmene ayenera kuwachitira, zimasiyanasiyana m'mitundu yonse. Maprogramu a chithandizo amene amangosintha njira za ku Western zopimira ndi njira za mankhwala angasamalidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana kapena mopambanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera ambiri a mu Africa, kupsinjika maganizo kumasonyezedwa mwa zizindikiro za somatic (matenda, kutopa) ndipo amanenedwa kuti amachititsidwa ndi zinthu zauzimu. Maprogramu amene amanyalanyaza njira za chikhulupiriro za kumaloko amakhala ndi ngozi ya kuchepetsa ndi kuvulaza. Zochita zachipambano zogwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi yofufuza, kuloŵetsamo ochiritsa, ndi kusintha njira zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zamwambo zomwe zilipo. Kusintha kumeneku kumafuna kusintha kuchokera kwa opereka chithandizo, amene angasankhe, okhoza kujambula mosavuta.

Kupeza Ndalama Zosamalira ndi Zothandiza

Aid imangokhala yaifupi, yogwirizana ndi ntchito zina zofunikira. Pamene ndalama zitha, antchito ophunzitsidwa angachoke, maprogramu angatseke, ndi kubweretsa mapangano. Njira zambiri zaumoyo m'madera otsika opezeka zakhala zikuyesayesa kusungitsa ndalama za boma zopitirizabe pambuyo pothandiza. Kuti athetse zimenezi, thandizo lapadziko lonse liyenera kukonzedwa kulimbitsa dongosolo la zaumoyo la kumaloko ndi kupanga njira zothandizira za moyo wa anthu. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuchirikiza thanzi la maganizo kuti liphatikizidwe m'makonzedwe a inshuwalansi ya zaunishuwalansi ya dziko lonse, monga momwe zachitikira ku Ghana ndi Rwanda ndi thandizo la anthu othandizira. Zopereka zanthaŵi yaitali kuchokera kwa opereka chithandizo ndi ndalama zambiri, monga momwe Njalansi ya za za za chipatala za maganizo (zimene zidakali njira za kuyendetsa ndege) n’zofunikabe kuti ayendere kudutsa m'dziko lonse.

Kuchepetsa Kusamalira Thanzi Kwabwino

Mosasamala kanthu za kugwirizana kofalikira kwa thanzi la maganizo kuti liyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chachikulu, chenicheni nchakuti zoyesayesa zambiri za kugwirizanitsa zimakhala zachiphamaso. Ogwira ntchito zapadera m'madongosolo olandira ndalama zochepa athedwa kale matenda opatsirana, amayi ndi ana, ndi matenda osapatsirana. Kuwonjezera thanzi la maganizo popanda chichirikizo chokwanira, kuyang'anira, ndi chuma zingatsogolere ku kukhazikitsa kulinganiza kwapadera. Maprogramu a Aid amafunikira kusamalira dongosolo lonse la zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo kupereka maketani, kuyang'anira, ndi kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso kuposa kungophunzitsa antchito oŵerengeka. Chithandizo cha WHO "Linga" cha chisamaliro chachikulu chigogomezere ndi kuchirikiza kuti moyo uyenera kuchirikizidwa ndi dongosolo lamphamvu ndi chithandizo, kumene chithandizo chingachitire mbali ya ntchito yake.

Zimene Anapeza ndi Zimene Zikuchitika

Magawo olandira ndalama zochepa kaŵirikaŵiri alibe chidziŵitso chodalirika cha kuchuluka kwa thanzi la maganizo, ntchito, ndi zotsatirapo. Popanda chidziŵitso cholimba, nkovuta kupenda mmene maprogramu othandizira amathandizira, kugaŵira zinthu mogwira mtima, kapena kuchirikiza ndalama zopitirizira. Maprogramu ambiri othandizira amaphatikizapo chigawo chofufuzira, koma kaŵirikaŵiri sagawana ndi anthu kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito panthaŵi yeniyeni. Kumanga kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira kwa kumaloko kuyenera kukhala mbali ya njira iliyonse ya chithandizo chamaganizo. Atlas ya za Zaumoyo ya MTC: imapereka mapulogalamu a dziko losungiramo zinthu, koma ndalama nzofunika kuti zigwirizanitse ntchito m’chigawo ndi m'malo.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kulinganiza Madongosolo Okhazikika ndi Ochiritsika

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene tiyenera kuchita kuti tipeze chithandizo m’tsogolomu zingathandize kuti tizikhala ndi thanzi labwino osati lochepa.

Kusamalira Thanzi Loyamba Monga Mbali ya Chigawo cha Chingwe

Mmalo mwa kusamalira thanzi lamaganizo monga programu yoima, ya kuima, chithandizo chiyenera kuchirikiza kugwirizanitsa kwake kotheratu ndi zigwirizano za mankhwala zokhalapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuphunzitsa antchito onse osamalira mwapadera . Osati akatswiri okha a zaumoyo . Kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira, kuchirikiza maganizo a mayi ndi ana, ndi kugwirizanitsa thanzi la maganizo ndi kuyang'anira matenda osatha (mphindi, matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika maganizo kaŵirikaŵiri kumapangitsa kuti ndalama zapanyumba zikhalepo). Mayiko onga Indonesia ndi Sri Lanka asonyeza kuti ndi chichirikizo chomachirikiza anthu opereka chithandizo cha anthu ambiri. Aids iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kulimba ndi kukwera kwa mayanjano otero, kupanga vuto la kulinganiza ndalama kwa ndalama.

Ntchito Yothandiza Anthu, Nyumba Zokhalamo Anthu, ndi Zipangizo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Zaka khumi zotsatira zidzaona kuwonjezeka kwa maambuleshoni othandizira anthu odziŵa zaumoyo wa anthu, anzanga, ndi aphungu ophunzitsidwa. Izi sizimangowonjezera chuma cha anthu komanso zimathandiza kuti anthu akhale ndi chuma chambiri. Zida zamakono (inga, ma aplugilamu a zaumoyo, telepsychiatry) angachirikize ndi kupereka chithandizo kwa anthu osakhala apadera, koma ayenera kulinganizidwa bwino kaamba ka anthu otsika ndi malo okhala otsika. Aid ikhoza kusungitsa kukonza ndi kuyesa zipangizo zotero m'dziko lenileni, ndi mapulatifomu otseka amene amalandira zinthu zofunikira popanda kukonzanso wirira.

Kulimbikitsa Utsogoleri ndi Kuletsa Kutsatira Mfundo za M’dzikolo

Kusungika kumadalira pa utsogoleri wamphamvu wa kumaloko ndi chifuno cha ndale zadziko. Mabungwe a aid ayenera kukhazikitsa kulimba kwa ochirikiza za umoyo wa maganizo akumaloko, mayanjano aukatswiri, ndi mabungwe a anthu a m’dziko kusonkhezera maboma awo. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa ofufuza akumaloko kupanga umboni umene umatchula zinthu zofunika m’dziko, kuchirikiza njira zaumoyo wa dziko, ndi kupereka ndalama zothandizira nthumwi za LMIC m'mayanjano apadziko lonse. Pamene atsogoleri a kumaloko ali ndi zolinga zawo, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kugaŵira chuma ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo monga malamulo oletsa kusankhidwa kwa maganizo a anthu oyenera kuchirikiza thanzi la maganizo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malonda a M’nyumba Yaikulu

Anthu a padziko lonse ayenera kuchotsa ntchito yanthaŵi yochepa ndi kupita ku zipangizo zothandizira ndalama zimene zimapanga ndalama zaka zambiri. Mapangano a Global Fund for Mental Health , otsatiridwa pa Flobal Fund yachipambano ya Global Fund Kulimbana ndi AIDS, TB ndi Malariya, apeza phee koma osasokonezeka. M'zochitikazi, opereka ndalama zothandizira atha kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuwonjezera njira ya zaumoyo yolimbikitsira ndi yothandizira anthu okongola. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mayiko otsika amafunika kuwonjezera ndalama za thanzi la banja lawo ndi kugaŵana ndi kuthandizirana ndi thanzi la maganizo.

Kumaliza: Kufuna Kuumirira

Chithandizo chapadziko lonse chasonyeza kale kuthekera kwake kwa kuwongokera kwenikweni kwa mautumiki a zamaganizo m'madera otsika olandira. Kuchokera kwa agogo opereka chithandizo ku Zimbabwe kufikira kwa antchito a zaumoyo a m'chitaganya opereka chisamaliro ku midzi yakutali ya Nepalse, umboni umasonyeza kuti kuloŵerera kwa mawu otsalira, kukhoza kutseka mpata wa chithandizo. Komabe, kupindula kumeneku kumakhala kosalimba ndi kudalira pa kupitirizabe kusamalira ndi njira zanzeru. Popanda kusintha kulinga ku nthaŵi yaitali, dongosolo la kayendetsedwe kamene kake ka zinthu ndi kugwirizanitsa, kanga kambiri ka chipambano ka zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo kanga kasowekere. Njira ya kutsogolo imafuna osati kokha kuthandizira kowonjezereka koma kudzipereka kwa kugwirizana, kuleza mtima, ndi kukonzanso zinthu.