Zotsatirapo za Malamulo Ochepa a Ndalama pa Zachuma Zakumene Tikukhala

Kutsutsana pa malamulo a malipiro ochepa kuli pakati pa kuchuluka kwa anthu a zachuma. Pankhani iliyonse yonena kuti malipiro apamwamba amachotsa mabanja mu umphaŵi, pali umboni wakuti amawononga ntchito zoloŵa m'masiteshoni. Kusankha nyimbo kumafuna kuyang'ana bwino lomwe mmene malamulo ameneŵa amagwirira ntchito m’madera enieni. Osati kokha m'mafanizo ongoyerekezera kapena m'maphunziro apamwamba. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza malamulo ongosinthasintha ndalama, ziyambukiro zawo zabwino ndi zoipa pa zachuma chakumaloko, ndi malamulo amene amatsimikizira ngati malipirowo akukhaladi phindu kapena mtolo.

Kodi Malamulo Ochepa a Mtengo N’ngotani?

Malamulo a malipiro ochepa a boma ndi opaleshoni pa ntchito ya ola limodzi. Amafuna kuti mabwana apereke malipiro a antchito otchipa a maola angapo. Woyamba wa malipiro amakono ku United States anakhazikitsidwa ndi Fair Labor Standards Act ya 1938, yomwe imakhazikitsa malo a pansi pa dziko a $0.25 pa ola limodzi. Lerolino, lamulo la boma limaika malire a $7.25 pa ola limodzi, koma maiko 30 ndi mizinda yambiri yakhala ndi ziŵerengero zokwera. Cholinga chachikulu chidakalipo: kutsimikizira kuti ntchito yanthaŵi yonse imapereka muyezo wa moyo ndi kuchepetsa kusalingana kwa malipiro.

Malamulo ameneŵa amagwira ntchito m'miyezi yambiri. Maboma a Federal, boma, ndi makampani angakhazikitse pansi pawokha, ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba koposa chofalikira kumalo alionse. Zimenezi zimapanga ntchito yochuluka ya maulamuliro a malipiro ochepa m'dziko lonselo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuli kwakuti chiŵerengero cha boma chimakhala $7.25, malipiro ochepa ku Seattle, Washington, amafika $19 pa ola limodzi kwa antchito ena. Kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe ya zachuma ya kumaloko nkovuta kusanthula mmene kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro kwapadera kudzayambukirira chitaganya chimenecho.

Mbiri ndi Mikhalidwe Yake

Phindu lenileni la malipiro a boma latsika kwambiri kuyambira mu 1968, pamene linafika pa $22 pa ola mu madola amakono. Kukokoloka kumeneku kwasonkhezera kuthamanga konga ngati Nkhondo ya K55, imene imachirikiza kaamba ka ndalama zocheperapo za boma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mizinda yambiri ndi maboma ayesa kuwonjezeka pang’onopang’ono, kaŵirikaŵiri kuwonjezera kukwera kwa mitengo kwa mtsogolo kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa tsogolo. Chikhoterero cha kukwera kwa maiko onse chachititsa kuyesayesa kwachilengedwe kwa ofufuza kufufuza kuti apeze.

Mafakitale Opanga Mafaelo: Mmene Mabawa Ochepa Amakhudzira Malonda a Antchito

Chiphunzitso cha zachuma cha Classic chimanena kuti kukweza malipiro ochepa kumachepetsa ntchito. Pa malonda a antchito opikisana kwambiri, mtengo wapamwamba kuposa malipiro a ntchito umatsogolera ku ntchito zambiri .

Chitsanzo cha mtundu umodzi umenewu ndi chilungamitso chachikulu cha kuŵerengeredwa kwa malamulo a malipiro ochepa. Chimapereka lingaliro lakuti ziyambukiro za ntchito nzosadziŵika bwino ndi kuti sizidalira mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo ndi apa. Funso la ntchito limafikira kukhala: m’zochitika, kuchuluka kwa kutayikiridwa kwa ntchito (ngati wina) mogwirizana ndi malipiro a antchito olandira ndalama zochepa? Bungwe lomakulakula la kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kulibe ziyambukiro zoipa za ntchito, pamene kuli kwakuti kukwera kwamwaŵiro kungachotse ntchito. Mkhalidwe wa zachuma chakwanu . . . .Incrostryry, kukwera kwa ntchito, kulemera kwa malonda kwa msika kwa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri.

Mavuto a Ndalama Akuwonjezeka Chifukwa cha Kuchepa kwa Ndalama

Pamene malipiro ochepa akwera, chiyambukiro chachindunji kwambiri ndicho kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro a antchito ochepera. Ndalama zowonjezerekazo zimawonongedwa mofulumira, kuzungulira kudziko lakwawo ndi kuyambitsa chiwonjezeko. Pansipa pali mapindu olembedwa kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa Ndalama Zowonongedwa ndi Zochuluka za Malowo

Antchito a pakampani kapena pafupi ndi malipiro ochepa ali ndi chikhoterero chachikulu chakuwonjezera chimene angadye. Iwo amawononga ndalama zawo zambiri pa katundu ndi mautumiki akwawo . Malo, lendi, kusamalira ana, zoyendera, ndi zakudya kunja. Kuwononga ndalama zowonjezera za mabizinesi a kumaloko, zimene nthaŵi zina zingapereke antchito ambiri kapena kuwonjezera. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi [FLD:0] Banki ya Chicago, Faceral Bank ya kuderalo, [FL: 1] kunapeza kuti m'malire adziko limodzi kumene boma linakweza ndalama zake zocheperapo, malonda ndi makampani a chakudya m'chigawo chapamwamba cha dzikolo anaona kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi. Momwemo, kufufuza pa malipiro owonjezereka a masitolo olandirira, ndi kutsika kwa maola angapo, chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha .

Kuchepetsa Kusintha kwa Ntchito ndi Kutaya Mtengo wa Kuphunzitsa

Malipiro apamwamba amawonjezera kukongola kwa ntchito, zimene zimachepetsa kulephera . Kwa olemba ntchito ambiri, makamaka m'masitolo ndi kuchereza alendo, kuli mtengo waukulu. Kuchoka kulikonse kumafuna kulembedwa, kuyesedwa, ndi kuphunzitsidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri kulipira 15% mpaka 20% ya malipiro a wantchito pachaka. Mwa kukweza malipiro, makampani angasungebe antchito odziŵa bwino, zimene zimawonjezera utumiki ndi wogulitsa. Maphunziro a zamalonda ang'onoang'ono angachepetse mtengo wa ndalama za kukwera kwa ntchito.

Kuchepetsa Umphaŵi ndi Kupeza Chisungiko

Kukwera kwa malipiro ochepa ndi chida cholimbana ndi umphaŵi. Ngakhale kuti olandira malipiro ochepa kwambiri samakhala m’mabanja osauka (kaŵirikaŵiri iwo ali achichepere kapena opeza ndalama zachiŵiri), gawo lalikulu ndilo achikulire ochirikiza mabanja. [[FLT: 0] Ofesi ya Malamulo ya Ballet Office [1] anayerekezera kuti kuwonjezera malipiro a boma pa K1] $10,000 kuchotsa anthu osauka. Ngakhalenso zowonjezera zochepetsa kudalira pa maprogramu a kuthandiza anthu monga SNAP ndi Médicaid, kusunga ndalama zolipira msonkho. Ku San Francisco ndi Chicago, ofufuza anapeza kutsika kwa umphaŵi m'zaka zotsatirapo zotsatira kukwera kwa malipiro a kumaloko.

Kupenda Nkhani: Kuyesa Mphepo Yochepa ya Seattle

Seattle anawonjezera ndalama zokwana $15 pa ola, zimene zinachitidwa mu 2014, ndipo anafufuza kwambiri. Kufufuza koyambirira kwa kwa Washington [1] kunapeza kuti pambuyo powonjezera koyamba pa $9.47, malipiro a maola ambiri anakwera, koma kunkachepa pang'ono, kuchititsa kuti ndalama zotsala za antchito ena zichepetsedwe. Komabe, pambuyo pake kupenda kunapeza kuti pa nthaŵi yonse ya kuchuluka kwa ndalama za antchito aganyu yaing'ono, ndalama zimene zinawonjezeka, ndipo ntchito m'chigawo cha lesitilanti inakhalabe yosungidwa. Chofunika chinali chakuti kukonza malondawo anali kuchepetsa pang’onopang'ono, kuchepetsa pamene anali kuyendetsa ndalama.

Ziyambukiro Zoipa za Kuwonjezereka kwa Mliri Wochepa

Anthu ena amanena kuti zimenezi zimadalira mmene chuma cha m’deralo chikukulira, mmene chimayendera, mmene chimayendera, ndiponso mmene chuma cha m’deralo chikuyendera.

Kuchepetsa Ntchito ndi Kusintha

Kudera nkhaŵa kwenikweni kuli kuchotsedwa ntchito. Pamene ndalama za ntchito zikwera, olemba ntchito angachepetse antchito kapena maola, kapena angaike ndalama pa luso lothandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, makemikolo ena otsalirapo zakudya zamphamvu ayambitsa kudziko la kiocess monga yankho la malipiro apamwamba. Makampani a zachuma a pa Yunivesite ya California, Irvine, anapeza kuti kukwera kwa avareji ya kukwera kwa chakudya kwakhala pafupifupi 0, kutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa 10% kwa malipiro ochepetsedwa ndi 1% ya ntchito. Zotsatirapo zambiri zimadziŵika kwa achinyamata ndi antchito osaphunzira kwambiri. Mu New York City, masitolo ena aang'ono olemba mabasi ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zimene amapeza pambuyo pa malipiro otsika kufika pa $15.

Mtengo Umawonjezeka Ndiponso Kukwera kwa Zinthu

Mabizinesi kaŵirikaŵiri amadutsa ndalama zokwera za ntchito kwa makasitomala. Zimenezi zingawonjezere kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu, makamaka m'magawo autumiki monga chakudya ndi malo okhala. Ku Chicago, kafukufuku wa pa University of Chicago anapeza kuti mitengo ya lesitilanti imakwera ndi 0.3% pa 1% iliyonse ya malipiro ocheperapo. Pamene kuli kwakuti mtengo waung'ono umakhoza kuyendetsedwa, kukwera kapena kuwonjezeka mobwerezabwereza kungawononge mphamvu yeniyeni ya kugula kwa antchito omwewo lamulolo likutanthauza kuthandiza / makamaka ngati malipiro ake ochepa sakhala otsika.

Mmene Mabizinesi Aang’ono Ayambukirira Anthu

Makampani ang'onoang'ono, okhala m’deralo kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito m’mphepete mwenimweni mwa mphepete . Kukwera pampata wamwadzidzidzi kungawakakamize kutseka, kuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa masitolo ndi mautumiki a kumaloko. Ku Oakland , California, kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Institute for Research on Labor and Workers kunapeza kuti pambuyo pa kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro ochepa a ntchito ya utumiki m’madera otsika olandirirako ndalama zambiri, mabizinesi amwaŵiro angaswe kwambiri kusiyana ndi mabizinesi olingana ndi mizinda yapafupi.

Kuphunzira za Odwala: Chakudya Chamsanga cha ku New York

Chigamulo cha New York 2016 chokweza malipiro ochepa kwa antchito ophika zakudya zachangu kuyambitsa mkangano waukulu. Nkhani zoyambirira za pa University of California , Berkeley zinasonyeza kuti malipiro anakwera kwambiri, ndipo ntchito inakula m’chigawo chogwirizana ndi mayiko ena. Komabe, kafukufuku wotsatira wa ku Cornell University anapeza kuti eni ntchito za ku Cornell zinachepetsa maola onse ndi kutengera kwa antchito ochepa kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa malipiro onse a ndalama zimene ankalandira kunali kopindulitsa, koma malo ena oloŵera ntchito anazisiya, ndipo anavuta kwambiri achinyamata osadziwa ntchito yoyamba.

Kusamala Zotsatira Zake: Kodi N’chiyani Chimatsimikizira Kuti Mtengo Wochepa wa Hike Umagwira Ntchito?

Kuti boma liziyenda bwino, liyenera kuonetsetsa kuti malamulo a m’dzikolo akuyenda bwino komanso kuti achepetse mavuto ena.

Zachuma Ndiponso Kuyendetsa Ntchito Mwaluso

M'dziko lotukuka la ulova wochepa, mabizinesi ali okhoza kutengera malipiro ambiri chifukwa chakuti akupikisana kale ndi ntchito yaganyu yosoŵa. M'kutsika kwa chuma, kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro a denver kungagwe m'chaka cha 2019 kunachitika panthaŵi ya kukula kwakukulu, ndipo zotsatirapo za ntchito zinali zosafunika.

Kusinthasintha kwa Malo Okhala

Malipiro ochepera $15 ku Mississippi amayenderana kwambiri kuposa ku San Francisco, kumene $15 ndi yotsika malipiro okhalira. Malo apamwamba amalonda afunikira ndalama zocheperapo kuti apereke moyo wofunikira, komanso ali ndi misika ya antchito yosinthasinthasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Kuthandiza ndalama zochepa zolipidwa ku mtengo wa indictions ndiko njira yofala kwambiri yofikira ndalama. Matauni ena, monga Minneapolis, alandira pansi pa mtengo umene umasintha ndi kukwera kwa mtengo, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mphamvu ya geographic.

Mfundo Zothandiza Kwambiri pa Nkhani za Mafakitale

Magawo osiyanasiyana amatsatira mosiyana. Kampani yopanga ingatenge malipiro ambiri mwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, pamene malonda ndi kuchereza zikuyang'anizana ndi magawo ovuta kwambiri. Magawo ena, monga ngati kusamalira zaumoyo wa panyumba ndi kusamalira ana, amadalira kwambiri pa ndalama zoperekedwa ndi anthu; ngati amene salandira malipiro ochepa, opereka ndalama angasiye malonda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ogulitsa zinthu ochepa. Okonza malamulo ayenera kulingalira za kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ndipo, ngati nkotheka, kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu olemba ntchito kapena ngongole kwa osavuta kuwalemba ntchito.

Njira Ina ndi Kuchirikiza Uchigaŵenga

Malamulo ochepetsetsa a malipiro amathandiza kwambiri ngati aphatikizidwa ndi zida zina zimene zimathetsa umphaŵi ndi kusalingana kwa antchito.

Anthu Omvera Msonkho (EITC)

Ma EITC a boma ndi ambiri amawonjezera malipiro a antchito olandira ndalama zochepa popanda kukweza ndalama zolemba ntchito. Mosiyana ndi malipiro ocheperapo, EITC samatulutsa ziyambukiro za ntchito. Kufufuza kumapereka lingaliro lakuti kuphatikiza ndalama zocheperapo ndi EITC yooloŵa manja kuli kothandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa umphaŵi kuposa lamulo limodzi lokha. Mwachitsanzo, Washington DC.

Ndalama Zofunika za Padziko Lonse ndi Kutumiza Ndalama

Akatswiri ena azachuma amachirikiza kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama mwachindunji monga njira yosavuta kuisintha kuimirira pa malipiro ochepa. Ndalama zazikulu (UBI) imapereka ndalama kwa nzika zonse mosasamala kanthu za malo a ntchito, kupeŵa ntchito yogunda kotheratu. Pamene kuli kwakuti UBI idakali yoyesa, ziyeso zapatalia ku Stockton, California, ndi Finland zimasonyeza ziyambukiro zabwino pa ubwino wa ntchito ndi kusayambukiridwa moipa pa ntchito.

Kumaliza: Chida Chopangidwa Mwaluso

Malamulo otsalirapo si osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ziyambukiro zawo zimakwera m'mayiko a zachuma a m’deralo m’njira zimene zimadalira kukula kwa chuma, liŵiro la kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndi kusakaniza maindasitale. Umboni umasonyeza kuti kukwera kwa ndalama zocheperapo, malipiro ochepa kwambiri a kagwiridwe ka ntchito kungachititse kuti pakhale moyo ndi kuwonjezera ntchito zachuma zakumaloko popanda kuwonongeka. Koma kukwera mopambanitsa, makamaka m'malo osoŵa ndalama, kapena m'mbali zosatetezeka, kungalephereke mwa kuchepetsa ntchito, kukwera mitengo, ndi kuvulaza mabizinesi amene a m’mapanga. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kuwonjezera ndalama zimene anthu amagwira ntchito monga EITC, kutsimikizira malipiro a m'dziko, ndi kuyang'ka mokhazikika. Atsogoleri a m'malo a anthu a m’dzikolo ayenera kuyang'ka ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zawo zamanja ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu antchito awo.