Kulandira Malo Ovomerezeka ndi Malamulo ku India

Kupeza malo ku India kumalamulidwa kwambiri ndi Kuyeneretsedwa kwa Fair Compisensition ndi Kuonana kwa Malo, Rehabilitation ndi Reparect Act, 2013 (Chilamulo cha LarR). Lamulo limeneli linaloŵa m’malo mwa lamulo lakale la Dera Accoution Act ya 18949, kuyambitsa njira yooneka bwino, yosalekeza, ndi anthu apakati. LaR Act imafuna kutsimikizira kuti eni malo alandireko malipiro abwino, kuti asinthidwe bwino, ndi kuti kachitidwe kameneka kakhalabe kooneka bwino kuyambira pachiyambiyambi mpaka kumapeto.

Makonzedwe Aakulu a Chilamulo

LARR Act imaphatikizapo makonzedwe angapo ofunikira olinganizidwa kutetezera ufulu wa eni malo ndi mabanja oyambukiridwa ndi ntchito:

  • Suctial Impact Assessment (SIA): Kufufuza kokakamiza kupenda ziyambukiro za chitaganya, zachuma, ndi za malo okhala zolingaliridwa za kupata malo zisanapereke chidziŵitso chirichonse.
  • Ziyeneretso zovomerezeka: Pamaprojekiti aumwini, chivomerezo kuchokera ku pafupifupi 80% ya eni malo oyambukiridwa chikufunika; pa maprojekiti aubwenzi wapoyera, chivomerezo kuchokera ku 70% nchoyenera.
  • Kusintha: Alondawo ali ndi kuyenera kwa kulipirira mtengo wa malonda ku madera akumidzi kuŵirikiza kanayi ndipo kuŵirikiza kaŵiri mtengo wa msika m'matauni, limodzi ndi solatium ndi mapindu ena.
  • Kusintha ndi Kusintha (R&R): Mabanja oyambukiridwa ayenera kulandira R&R kuphatikizapo nyumba, ntchito, ndi zinthu zina zofunika.
  • Mabungwe a chigawo cha Land Active Active: chigawo chilichonse chili ndi maofesala oikidwa amene ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchito yopeza ndi kutsimikizira kuti atsatira malamulo.
  • Kubwerera ku Dziko Losagwiritsidwa ntchito: Ngati nthaka yopezedwayo ikhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zisanu, iyenera kubwezeredwa kwa eni ake oyambirira kapena boma.

Zinthu Zimene Zingachitike Popeza Malo

Kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kwa eni malo, anthu omanga nyumba, ndi opanga malamulo amene amayendetsa zinthu pa malonda a malo.

1. Kuzindikira ndi Kulengeza Koyamba

Ntchitoyi ikuyamba pamene bungwe la boma kapena bungwe lachinsinsi lakhazikitsa malo ofunika kuti anthu adziwe. Boma limatumiza chidziŵitso choyamba pa Chigawo 11 cha LAR. Chidziŵitsochi chimaphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wa dziko, cholinga cha kusonkhanitsa, ndi deti la kutsutsa. Chimafalitsidwa m'maofesi a boma, manyuzipepala, ndi pankachayat kutsimikizira kuti anthu onse akudziŵa.

Kukopa ndi Kuvomereza Zokhudza Mayanjano

Boma likuchititsa bungwe lothandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta (SIA) monga momwe linalamulira ndi LarR Act . ESIA imayang'anira zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito mabanja okhudzidwa, ntchito za kumaloko, malo okhala, ndi malo ozungulira. Kufufuza kumachitidwa ndi bungwe lodziimira lokha loikidwa ndi boma. Lipoti la ESIA limaperekedwa kwa anthu onse, ndipo anthu amaganiziridwa kuti avomereze.

3. Chilengezo Chomaliza ndi Kutsimikiza Mtima

Atamaliza SAA, kutsutsa, ndi kupeza chilolezo choyenerera, boma limapereka chilengezo chomaliza pansi pa Gawo 19 la LaR Act . Chilengezochi chimakhazikitsa kupezeka kwa zinthu. Wosonkhanitsayo kenaka amasankha ndalama zoperekera zozikidwa pa mtengo wa malonda monga deti la chidziŵitso choyambirira. Makonzedwe owonjezera amaphatikizapo:

  • Kaonedwe ka zinthu zamalonda: Malinga ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa malo ofananawo m’deralo, avareji ya 50% ya makampani ogulitsa zinthu, kapena phindu lodalira pa udindo wa boma, aliyense amene ali wamkulu kuposa amene ali ndi udindowo.
  • Solatium: 100% ya malipiro onse monga chitonthozo cha kugula zinthu mokakamiza.
  • Mapindu owonjezereka: 12% pa ndandanda ya manambala kuchokera pa deti la chidziŵitso choyambirira kufikira deti la mphotho.
  • R & R: Banja lililonse lokhudzidwa limalandira nyumba, mwayi wogwira ntchito, ndiponso ndalama zolipirira nthaŵi imodzi.

Kulandira Mphoto ndi Kukhala Nawo

Pamene chiwongola dzanja chagamulidwa, wosonkhanitsayo amapanga mphotho pansi pa Chigawo 23, akulongosola mwatsatanetsatane malipiro ndi R&R kaamba ka mwini munda aliyense. Ambuye amapatsidwa mwaŵi wa kulandira mphothoyo kapena kupikisana nayo m'bwalo. Pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa mphothoyo, boma litenga malo. Komabe, chuma sichingatengedwe kufikira atalipira eni malo onse oyambukiridwa.

Kupenda Kupenda

Kugwirizana pansi pa LARR Act kuli kowolowa manja kwambiri kuposa pansi pa lamulo loyambirira. Kuŵerengera kumatsatira njira yamitundumitundu:

  • Ndalama yachizindikiro: Yovomerezedwa ndi deti la verse, mapepala olembetsa, kapena lipoti la wogulitsa waluso, lililonse limene limapereka mtengo wapamwamba.
  • Moupled : Dera la kumidzi limalandira mtengo wowirikiza kanayi mtengo wa msika; mizinda imakhala kaŵiri.
  • Salatium : 100% za mtengo wa malonda ndi kuchulukitsa.
  • Intest :[[FLT :1] 12% pernum kuyambira deti la chidziŵitso choyambirira kufikira deti la mphoto.
  • Malipo owonjezera: 12% pa mtengo wa malonda kaamba ka nyengo ya kusamuka.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati malo akumidzi ali ndi mtengo wa Rs. 10 lakhs, malipiro angakhale R. 40 lakhs (pambuyo pa kuchulukitsa) ndi R. 40 lakhs solatium , kuphatikiza 80 lakhs, ndi R&

Mavuto Amene Amakhalapo Pokapeza Malo Osungiramo Nyama

Ngakhale kuti malamulo ndi amphamvu, kumanga malo ku India kukupitirizabe kuvuta kwambiri moti ntchito yomanga ndi kuyambitsa mikangano ikuchedwa.

Mavuto Amene Anthu Ambiri Amakumana Nawo

  • Liŵiro mu Process: [[FLT :1] Njira yaitali yotsogoza SI: Monga, kupeza chilolezo, ndi kuthetsa kutsutsa kaŵirikaŵiri imatenga zaka zingapo, kuchedwetsa ntchito zosuliza za maziko ofunikira.
  • Kulemba pa Malo: zolemba za malo, kupempha kukhala ndi katundu wochuluka, ndi kuyembekezera kutsatizana kumayambitsa mavuto posankha eni ake.
  • Kupereka Kokwanira: Mosasamala kanthu za njira, ziŵerengero za malonda kaŵirikaŵiri zochepera pa mtengo, kuchititsa mikangano ndi kuŵerengera. Nthaŵi zambiri eni nthaka amaona kuti kulipiridwa sikumasonyeza mtengo weniweni wa mtsogolo wa katundu wawo.
  • Inquisitions : Mabanja ambiri oyambukiridwa akusimba nyumba zopereŵera, kusoŵa kwa ntchito, ndi kusokonezeka kwa mayanjano pambuyo pa kubwereranso.
  • Non-kugwirizana ndi SIA:[FLT ] Maprojekiti ena akusimbidwa kuti agwiritsa ntchito njira za chikhalidwe za kusanthula zinthu, kusokoneza cholinga cha lamulo.
  • Mgwirizano wa Chigawo: kaŵirikaŵiri kutsegula malo kumakhala nkhani ya ndale zadziko, kuchititsa zitsutso, kuukira, ndi nkhondo za lamulo zimene zimachedwetsa ntchito.

Kufufuza Nkhani Kwabwino

Kulibe kuwonjezera mkangano wa dziko ndi chitsanzo chotchuka chimene alimi zikwi zambiri anatsutsa njira yopezera, akumanena kuti kulipiridwa kosakwanira ndi kusoŵa chivomerezo choyenerera. Khoti Lapamwamba mu 2018 linachotsa kupezedwa kwa mahekitala 153 a dziko ku Greater Noida, akutchula kusagwirizana ndi LaR Act ndi makonzedwe akumva. Mlanduwu ukugogomezera kufunika kwa kumamatira kotheratu ku malamulo alamulo.

Nkhani ina yofunika ndiyo ntchito ya chitsulo cha Posco ku Odisha, yomwe inayang'anizana ndi zaka zambiri za kutsutsa ndi kutsutsa kwa anthu akwawo pa nkhani za kufunafuna malo ndi kuchotsa malo. Ntchitoyi inachotsedwa potsirizira pake pambuyo polephera kuteteza malo ndi malo, kugogomezera kuvuta kwa kakhalidwe ka anthu m'madera aakulu.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kuyamba Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Kuti athetse mavuto amenewa, boma la India lakonza zinthu zingapo pofuna kukonza malo kuti azikhala okongola, kuti pakhale kuwala kosiyanasiyana, ndiponso kuti pasakhale mikangano yambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta a Mabuku Ofukula za M’mabwinja

Digaal India Records Modernation Programme (DILRMP) [DYP:1] imafuna kusonkhanitsa mafashoni a nthaka m'dziko lonselo, kupangitsa iwo kukhala osavuta kupezeka ndi kuchepetsa kukhala ndi malo. Maboma onga Karnataka, Maharashtra, ndi Gujarat agwiritsa ntchito bwino makompyuta a dziko, kutheketsa eni malo kuona ndi kutsimikizira zolembedwa zawo kulikonse. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kubisa ndi kuthamanga kwa eni malo pa malo panthaŵi yopezeka.

Kuchepetsa Njira Zovomerezera

Boma layambitsa njira zothetsera maprojekiti a mapulojekiti a mapulojekiti a makampani, kuphatikizapo zilolezo za malo. Komiti ya Window Yokha (NS) [1] Maprojekiti amalola omanga maprojekiti kugwiritsa ntchito zilolezo zambiri pa Intaneti, kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa maulamuliro. Kuwonjezera apo, PM GSAHATI National Master Plan [ Kulinganiza malo ndi ntchito yokonza ndi kukonza zopezera ndi kukonza zinthu zatsopano kuti adziwe ndi kumaliza ntchito yomanga ntchitoyo.

Kusintha Zinthu Kosiyanasiyana

LARR Act imakhazikitsa Land Accoution, Rehabilitation ndi Revolution Universe pa mlingo wa chigawo wa kukhazikitsa mikangano. Maboma angapo akhazikitsa maulamuliro otero kuti athetse chigamulo chotsutsana. Boma latumizanso malo otsegulira malamulo pa Intaneti kaamba ka kutsutsa ndi kubwezera ndalama, kutsimikizira kuwonekera kokulira.

Kuthirira ndi Kukonza Malo

Ena akufotokoza monga Gujarat ndi Maharastra ayesa kuyesa kusonkhanitsa malo ndi kukonzanso malo, kumene eni nthaka apereka gawo la nthaka yawo kaamba ka chitukuko ndi kulandira maluwa opangidwa. Kuteroko kumachepetsa kufunika kwa kuikidwa kokakamiza ndi kutsimikizira eni malo kukhala ndi phindu lokulirapo. Delhi Development Authority (DDA) Authority Policy [1] ndi chitsanzo chodziŵika chimene chikufuna kuloŵetsamo eni nthaka monga antchito m'kutukuka ya m’mizinda.

Ufulu wa Omanga Malo ndi Malamulo

Ogula malo amene apeza malo ali ndi ufulu wochuluka ndi mankhwala a zamalamulo otsimikizira kuti mankhwalawo akuperekedwa bwino ndi kulipiridwa.

Ufulu Wochitapo Kanthu Pansi pa Chilango

  • Kuyenera kumvedwa: Maiko angalembe zotsutsa kupezeka kwa masiku 60 a chidziŵitso choyambirira.
  • Kumanja ku chiwongola dzanja choyenera: Kubwezera monga ngati njira imodzi yoikidwiratu, kuphatikizapo solatium ndi chiwongola dzanja.
  • Kumanja ku nyumba ndi ntchito: Banja lililonse loyambukiridwa ndilo loyenera kukhala ndi nyumba ndi mwaŵi wa ntchito monga mbali ya phukusi la R&R.
  • Kuyenera kutsutsa mphotho: Oloŵa malo angaike pempho pamaso pa Land Acquisition, Reconsoletion ndi Reformation Adversect and Religive Aders kapena Bwalo Lalikulu likutokosa ndalama za malipiro kapena kupezeka kwake.
  • Kumanja kubwerera ku malo osagwiritsiridwa ntchito: Ngati malo opezedwawo sagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka chifuno chotchulidwa mkati mwa zaka zisanu, eni malo angafune kubwerera kwake.

Njira Zololeka za Oloŵa Malo

Ngati mwini munda akukhulupirira kuti kugulako n’koletsedwa, kuti kulipiridwa kulibe phindu, kapena ngati sakuchita zimenezi, angachite zotsatirazi:

  • Kutsutsa kwa mafaira: Kukaniza pamaso pa wosonkhanitsayo mkati mwa nyengo yoikizidwa.
  • Funani chidziŵitso: Gwiritsirani ntchito Ufulu ku Information (RTI) Act kupeza tsatanetsatane wa SIA, milingo yovomereza, ndi kuŵerengera kobwezera.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tsatirani Ulamuliro: Pempho pamaso pa Land Accountion, Rehabilitation ndi Reconvect Authority chigawocho.
  • ['Kukopa ku Makhoti Apamwamba: Ngati suli wosakhutira, apilo ku Bwalo Lapamwamba kapena Khoti Lapamwamba.
  • Fakitale mu Chifuniro cha Anthu (PIRI): Mlandu wokhudza kuswa kwakukulu, nzika zingaike PIL ku Bwalo Lapamwamba kapena Bwalo Lapamwamba.

Ntchito ya Ochita za Malamulo ndi Opititsa Patsogolo

Ochita za malamulo ndi omanga nyumba amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri popeza malo, kutsimikizira kuti atsatira malamulo ndi kuteteza zofuna za makasitomala awo.

Kwa Ochita Malamulo

Olemba malamulo apadera pa kugula malo afunikira kukhala ogwirizana ndi kusintha kwaposachedwapa ndi zigamulo za khoti. Amalangiza eni malo ponena za zoyenera zawo, kuthandiza kutsutsa za kulembetsa, kuimira ogula pamaso pa Authority, ndi kuyang'anira. Mbali zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kutsimikizira malipoti a ESIA, kuŵerengera ndalama zoyenerera, ndi kukambirana ndi eni malo ambiri.

Kwa Opititsa Patsogolo

Opititsa patsogolo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ntchito zawo zigwirizane ndi makonzedwe a LAR Act, makamaka zofunika za kuvomereza ndi R&R. Kugwirizana ndi anthu a kumaloko mwamsanga, kuchititsa SEA, ndi kusungitsa kulankhulana koonekera bwino kungapeŵetse mikangano. Oyambitsa kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito ndi magulu alamulo kuyendetsa njira yocholoŵana, kupeza malo omveka bwino, ndi malo otetezeka popanda kufotokoza.

Maharashtra State Records Portal imapereka zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti atsimikizire maina a malo ndi kupenda tsatanetsatane wa za mwini, zimene nzofunika kwa omangamanga panthaŵi ya khama.

Malangizo ndi Chiyeneretso Chamtsogolo

Ku India malo ozungulira akusinthasintha. Kuti zimenezi zitheke bwino ndi bwino, pali njira zingapo zimene zikukusiridwa:

  • Gwiritsirani GIA Ipresence : Uyang'aniro wa SEP kutsimikizira kuti izo ziri zokwanira ndi zosasankhika.
  • Technology : GYS sebenzisa mapu, blockchain kujambula za nthaka, ndi malo a pa Intaneti kuti mupeze kupita patsogolo kwa kuchepetsa ziphuphu ndi kuchedwa.
  • Macheke ogwirizana ndi [1] Njira zoonekera bwino zotsimikizira chilolezo, kuphatikizapo kusaina kwa pa kompyuta ndi kumvetsera kwapoyera.
  • Kukhazikitsa makomiti oyang'anira odziimira okha kutsimikizira kuti mpake wa kukonzanso wagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
  • Promote Land Polling: Alimbikitseni mafashoni odzifunira a m’minda kuti achepetse nkhondo.
  • Kuwonjezera Ulozero wa Public: [[FLT ] Ikepe ndi kugaŵira zofalitsa za chidziŵitso kuti ziphunzitse eni malo ponena za zoyenera zawo pansi pa LR Act.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa ndandanda zabwino, NITI Aayog yafalitsa malipoti onena za kukonza malo, ndi Code ya Indiya imapereka mawu onse a LaR Act ndi ziwongolero zake.

Kumaliza

Kumvetsa lamulo lokhudza kulowa m'dziko la India n’kofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse amene ali ndi makampani ogulitsa malo. LarR Act ya 2013 imapereka njira yothandiza kuti pakhale kuyenera kwa anthu okhala ndi malo komanso anthu amene akukhudzidwa. Ngakhale kuti mavuto monga kuchedwa, mikangano, ndi kulephera kubwezera ndalama, kusintha kopitirizabe ndi njira zamakono zoyendetsera zinthu zikuthandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Mwa kukhalabe odziwa malamulo, njira, ndi zitukuko zaposachedwapa, eni nthaka angateteze ufulu wawo, omanga malamulo angatsimikizire kuti anthu avomereze, ndipo oyendetsa zinthu atha kutsimikizira kuti kulolera ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu a m'dziko kukhoza kuwathandiza kukonza bwino zinthu.