Maziko a Kusamalira Ndalama Kochepa kwa Boma

Mabungwe a zachuma ndi ndalama kuchokera ku mabanki a m'chitaganya ndi mabanki a ngongole ndi makampani opanga ngongole . Zimapereka maziko a chuma cha kumaloko, kuthandizira kulipira ngongole, ndi kuthandiza mabanja ndi mabizinesi kuyang'anira ndalama. Koma popanda kuyang'anira, mabungwewa angatenge ngozi, kubwereketsa ndalama za makasi, kapena kulephera kuteteza ndalama za wogula. Ndi kumene madipatimenti a boma amaloŵa m'mafanizo. Makampani a boma ndiwo mzera woyamba wa chitetezo cha ogula ndi chuma m’malire. Iwo amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi bungwe la Federal Reserve ndi Consumer Provice Bureaual , koma ulamuliro wawo uli wozikidwa pa malamulo a boma ndi ku . Dongosololi, lomwe limatchedwa kuti mabanki a ndalama, lakhalapo kuyambira 1860 ndi lisungiriro la zachuma.

Cholinga cha Kuvomerezana kwa Boma

Madipatimenti a zachuma amayang'anira mabungwe a zachuma kuti akwaniritse zolinga zitatu: kuteteza ogula, kusunga chitetezo ndi kusamala za mabungwe a anthu, ndiponso kuteteza anthu pa zachuma. Boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo ake komanso malamulo ake, koma zolinga zake zazikulu n’zosasintha. Oyang’anira amathandiza kuti mabungwe azichita zinthu moona mtima, moona mtima, moona mtima, ndiponso mokwanira poteteza ndalama kuti zisawonongeke.

Kusamala ndi Kukonza Zinthu

Maboma ayenera kupanga kulinganiza pakati pa uyang'aniro wokhwima ndi kulola zinthu zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mabanki ambiri osungidwa ndi obwereketsa a boma ndi osakhala ndi mabanki amapereka zinthu zimene malamulo a boma sangazichotse mokwanira, monga ngati ngongole za ausinkhu wanu kapena mapulatifomu obwereketsa. Madipatimenti a boma amapenda zinthu zimenezi pa maziko a mlandu, kuvomereza awo amene amakwaniritsa miyezo yalamulo ndi kutetezera ogula kwa awo amene samatero. Kusintha kumeneku ndi chifukwa chimodzi chimene malamulo a boma apirira ngakhale monga momwe ulamuliro wa boma wakulira.

Kupanga Malaice ndi Tchata: Njira Yogwirira Ntchito

Sipangakhale bungwe la zachuma m'dziko popanda choyamba kupeza laisensi kapena chikalata ku dipatimenti ya boma yoyenerera. Njira imeneyi ndi chiŵiya chachikulu chosonyezera akanema oipa. Ofunsira ayenera kutumiza mapulani a kampani, zikalata za zandalama, macheke a enianyumba ndi mabwana, ndi umboni wa malikulu okwanira. Dipatimentiyo imapenda zinthu zonse ndipo ingachite kufunsa kapena kuyendera malo. Ngati wofunsirayo akwaniritsa zofunikazo, dipartmentyo imatumiza laisensi ya jni yoyendera [1] Koma laisensiyo imabwera ndi mikhalidwe yomapitirizabe.

Matchati a Boma a Mabanki

Mabanki angasankhe tchata cha boma kuchokera ku Office of the Comptroller of the Lage (OCC) kapena tchata cha boma kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya banki yakwawo. Mabanki a boma amayang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira boma, ngakhale kuti iwonso amayang'aniridwa ndi Federal Deposit Inshuwalansition Corporation (FAC) ngati amasunga inshuwalansi. Pafupifupi 2024, 70% ya U.S.

Kulandira Mtengo Wosaloŵa M’mabanki

Mabungwe a zachuma opanda banki . monga makampani osungira ngongole, obwereketsa ndalama, osonkhetsa ngongole, ndi opereketsa ndalama amafunikiranso malaisensi a boma. Boma lililonse lili ndi boma lakelake, limene kaŵirikaŵiri limaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa zifuno, mayeso ofunika, ndi kugwirizana ndi malamulo otetezera ogula. National Multlivestate Licensing System (NMLS) imathandiza kupanga njira imeneyi ya makampani ogwira ntchito m’maiko ambiri, koma ulamuliro womalizira umakhala ndi woyang'anira boma lililonse.

Kupenda, Kupenda, ndi Kusimba Nkhani Zokhudza Malo Oonera Athu Omwe Akuchitikabe

Kupeza laisensi kuli chiyambi chabe. Madipatimenti a boma amachititsa mayeso a nthaŵi zonse a mabungwe amene amalamulira. Kufufuza kumeneku kumachitika pa nyengo ya / 12 mpaka 24 miyezi ndi kuphatikiza mbali iliyonse ya ntchito: kulemera, kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, kugwira bwino ntchito, kumwa, ndi kusamala za ngozi ya msika (kaŵirikaŵiri kulembedwa mwachidule ngati madeti). Masunagoli amatchulanso kugwirizana ndi malamulo oteteza oteteza, mapulogalamu oletsa ndalama (AML), ndi zofunika kubwereketsa ndalama zokongola.

Kufufuza ndi Kufufuza Zinthu

Kuwonjezera pa mayeso a makampani, oyang'anira a boma amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyendera. Mabungwe a makampani atsatsa mafaelo a ndalama zimene zimalola madipatimenti kulondola ndi kudziŵikitsa mbendera zofiira mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mwadzidzidzi kwa ndalama zongoletsera kapena kutsika kwa malikulu kumayambitsa kuyang'ana. Kutsatira kotsatira njira imeneyi kumathandiza oyendetsa zinthu kuyang'anira zinthu zimene zimachititsa ngozi yaikulu, pamene kuli kwakuti zimapatsa mabungwe ufulu wowonjezereka.

Zipangizo zamakono ndi Kutha kwa Malo

Makampani a zachuma awonjezera kupima IT ndi kusatetezeka kwa intaneti. Amaona ngati bungwe lakhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza anthu kuti asasokonezeke ndi makompyuta, kuswa makompyuta, ndi masheya oombolera zinthu. Mayiko ena, monga New York, apereka malamulo awoawo a zachinsinsi amene amakhazikitsa malamulo a zinthu zimene zili ndi Intaneti. Malamulo amenewa sayendera malangizo a boma ndipo amasonyeza kufunika kokhala ndi ngozi pa Intaneti.

Chitetezo cha Ogula ndi Kusamalira Kodandaula

Madipatimenti a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anira ogula akakumana ndi vuto ndi bungwe la zachuma. Kaya ndi malipiro olakwika, kulakwitsa kosintha ndalama, kapena chinyengo cholingaliridwa, olamulira a boma ali ndi mphamvu yofufuza ndi kuthetsera madandaulo. Mabungwe ambiri amasunga chithandizo cha ogula, makampani odandaula pa Intaneti, ndi ma media . Amalamula kuti abweze, angafunikire kusintha malamulo, kapena kufunsa milandu ya malamulo.

Kukakamiza Malamulo Amitundumitundu a Boma

Boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo akeake a zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Consumer Financial Protection Law la ku California limapatsa Dipatimenti ya Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) mphamvu zazikulu zoletsa machitachita a nkhanza. Texas ili ndi malamulo olamulira nyumba mowongoza ndalama. Dipatimenti ya New York ya za Ndalama (DFS) imadziŵika chifukwa cha zochita zankhanza zosungitsa lamulo loletsa kapena kulephera kupereka lipoti la ntchito zokayikitsa. Boma limagwiritsira ntchito malamulo ameneŵa kuŵerengera mabungwe a boma m’njira zimene malamulo a boma sangazigwiritse ntchito.

Kugwirizana ndi CFPB

Madipatimenti a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Mwa kupima kogwirizana, kugawana chidziŵitso, ndi kugwirizanitsa, maulamuliro a boma ndi a boma amapeŵa kuyesayesa kukopa pamene akutsimikizira kuyang'anira kochuluka. CFB imadalira pa ma acheso a boma kuti apeze nkhani, ndipo mabungwe a boma amapindula ndi chidziŵitso cha boureau ndi chuma cha dziko lonse.

Ntchito ndi Upo wa Kukakamiza

Pamene bungwe la zachuma liswa lamulo kapena kuchita machitachita oopsa, madipatimenti a boma ali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zosungitsira anthu. Angasiye kukhazikitsa malamulo a ndalama, kukhazikitsa zilango, kufuna mapulani owongolera, kuchotsa kapena kuchotsa laisensi, ndi kuchotsa akuluakulu kapena otsogolera. Pankhani zoopsa, akuluakulu a boma angaike malo ovuta pokonza kapena kulinganiza kuti agulitse munthu wathanzi. Zochita zimenezi zinapangidwa kuletsa kulephera kumene kungavulaze osunga ndalama ndi kusokoneza chuma chakuno.

Zitsanzo Zosavuta Kuzitsatira

Mu 2023, New York DFS inalipira banki yaikulu yapadziko lonse $150 miliyoni chifukwa cholephera kusunga malamulo okwanira a AML. California DFPI yachita ntchito yosungitsa obwereketsa ndalama zolipiridwa chifukwa cha kulipira chiwongola dzanja choletsedwa. Dipatimenti ya Banking ya Texas yatseka machekesi a cheke. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti oyendetsa boma ali ofunitsitsa kugwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro wawo kutetezera ogula ndi kusunga chidaliro chawo.

Kumva ndi Kukopana kwa Kulankhula

Mabungwe ali ndi ufulu wochita zinthu. Laisensi isanachotsedwe kapena kulipiritsa, woyang’anira ayenera kupereka chidziŵitso ndi mpata wa kuweruza. Maboma ambiri ali ndi oweruza alamulo a boma kapena akuluakulu akumva amene amayang’anira nkhani zimenezi. Mapilo angapite ku khoti. Malamulo ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti ntchito za lamulo nzachilungamo ndi zozikidwa pa umboni.

Boma: Kampani Yopanga Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Dongosolo la kubanki la aŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri limaonedwa kukhala mpikisano pakati pa boma ndi mabungwe a boma. M’zochita zake, iwo amakwaniritsana. Maboma a Federal amakhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko lonse kaamba ka likulu, inshuwalansi, ndi ngozi ya dongosolo. Maboma amagwirizanitsa miyezo imeneyo ndi mikhalidwe ya kumaloko ndi kusamalira mabungwe amene mabungwe a boma sangakhale ndi makampani okongola osakhala a m'dziko ndi mabanki ang'onoang’ono. Ukwati umenewu umapanga chitetezo chomangira ponse paŵiri chotakata ndi chakuya.

Mapindu a Kusintha kwa Boma

  • Chidziŵitso cha kumaloko: Boma limazindikira mikhalidwe ya zachuma, zosoŵa za ogula, ndi mabizinesi m'maiko awo.
  • Kulephera kuwona: Madziko angayese malamulo atsopano, monga ngati kugulitsa mbira, ndi kusintha mwamsanga ku kutuluka kwa maupandu.
  • Kulephera: kwa mabungwe aang'ono, kuchita ndi boma kaŵirikaŵiri kumavomereza ndi kuvuta kwambiri kuposa kuyendetsa bungwe la boma.

Mavuto a Kugwirizana

Kulephera kwa malamulo a boma ndiko kusinthasintha. Wokongoletsa wa nyumba ndi ntchito mu maboma 20 ayenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo 20 osiyanasiyana, amene angawonjezere mtengo ndi kucholoŵana. Kutchula izi, Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) [1] imagwirira ntchito kugwirizanitsa malamulo onse kupyolera mwa malamulo achitsanzo ndi mapangano a chigawo. NMLS ndi imodzi ya nkhani yachipambano ya kuyesayesa kwa mgwirizano umenewu.

Maboma Olamulira

Ngakhale kuti boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo akeake a zachuma, mabungwe ambiri ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa mayiko awo kapena njira zatsopano zimene akonza:

  • California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI): Oona mabanki a boma, maukwati a ngongole, ndi mautumiki ambiri a zachuma osakhala m'mabanki. Odziŵika kaamba ka kusungitsa kwamphamvu kwa ogula.
  • New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS): imalamula zonse ziŵiri kubanki ndi inshuwalansi. Ali ndi mbiri ya kuchita mwankhanza pa kulanda ndalama, kuvomereza kuswa lamulo, ndi kusungidwa kwa Intaneti.
  • [[FLT: 0] Dipatimenti ya Banki: Mawu osumikidwa pa mabanki a boma ndi makampani odalirana. Texas iri ndi mabanki aakulu a chitaganya amene amadalira pa kuyang'anira boma.
  • Florida Office of Financial Regate (OFR): imatumiza mabungwe a zachuma, kuphatikizapo makampani a ngongole ndi makampani a zandalama, m'boma lokhala ndi anthu ambiri opuma pantchito amene ali pangozi ya chinyengo.

Mabungwe amenewa amalemba makampani ambirimbiri ofufuza zinthu, maloya, ndi ofufuza zinthu amene amagwira ntchito yoteteza anthu ndi makampani kuti asamavutike kugula zinthu pa misika.

Mavuto Amene Boma Limakumana Nawo

Madipatimenti a boma amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri amene amafunika kusintha nthawi zonse:

Malo Opangira Zinthu Aakulu

Kukwera kwa makampani opanga ndalama, ma step obzanti, ndi ma platifomu a makompyuta a ndalama zasintha mizere pakati pa kubanki ndi luso la zopangapanga. Mabungwe a boma ayenera kuona ngati chinthu chatsopano ndi “bizinesi ya ntchito ya ndalama” imene imafunikira laisensi kapena ntchito ya zaumisiri yomwe sitero. Mayiko ena apanga masheya apadera kapena mabokisi a zachuma kuti alimbikitse kusintha zinthu pamene akuyang'anira. Ena achitapo kanthu mokhwima kwambiri, makamaka ponena za ndalama za magetsi, kuti apeŵe chinyengo.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Madipatimenti ambiri a boma amagwira ntchito ndi ndalama zochepa ndi antchito. Pamene vuto ligwera .Monga ngati kuwonjezereka kwa kudandaula kwa othandizira ophunzira obwereketsa ndalama kapena kubwereketsa mwankhanza . M’zaka zaposachedwapa, maboma ena ayamba kulipira ndalama kuti apeze ndalama zoyendera, koma ndalama zikupitirizabe kukhala nkhani yosatha.

Kuyang’anira

Mabungwe ena amayesa kupeŵa uyang'aniro wa boma mwakupeza chikalata cha boma kapena mwa kugwira ntchito m'maboma mopepuka. Izi “zitenga mlingo wa pansi pa [1] zingatsendereze madipatimenti a boma kufooketsa miyezo yawo. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi, mabungwe onga National Association of Consumer Convection Convection Convections (NACA) kukakamiza malamulo achitsanzo amene amaika pansi kaamba ka chitetezo cha ogula m'mabungwe ena.

Mtsogolo mwa Kusintha kwa Ndalama kwa Boma

Lamulo la boma likhoza kusinthika m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, luso la zopangapanga lidzapanga mayeso ambiri ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopeka poona malo. Chachiŵiri, maboma ambiri angatsatire malamulo achinsinsi ndi a zachinsinsi monga a ku California ndi ku New York. Chachitatu, malire pakati pa kubanki ndi malonda adzapitirizabe kukhala ovuta pamene makampani aakulu a zasayansi akupereka mautumiki a zachuma, kusonkhezera njira zatsopano zosinthira. Madipatimenti a boma adzakhalabe pa mizera yapatsogolo ya masinthidwe ameneŵa chifukwa chakuti ali pafupi ndi zigawo zoyambukiridwa.

Mwayi wa Ophunzira ndi Aphunzitsi

Kumvetsa malamulo a boma kumathandiza kwambiri ophunzira. Kumasonyeza mmene mabungwe a boma amathandizira kutukuka kwa chuma ndi chitetezo cha anthu ogula, mmene malamulo amasinthira ku zinthu zatsopano, ndi mmene akuluakulu a boma amapangira zosankha zofunika. Aphunzitsi angagwiritse ntchito nkhani zenizeni za pawebusaiti za boma posonyeza mmene malamulo amathandizira pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku monga kulipira malamulo owonjezera chiwongola dzanja kapena kuphwanya kwabwino kwa pa Intaneti kumene kumawongolera chitetezo cha zinthu.

Kumaliza

Madipatimenti a boma ngofunika koma kaŵirikaŵiri onyalanyazidwa a dongosolo la zachuma la United States. Iwo amapenda, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a mabanki zikwi zambiri ndi mabungwe opanda mabanki amene amayambukira pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse ya ku America. Ntchito yawo imaletsa kulephera, kuletsa chinyengo, ndi kupatsa ogula malo kupita pamene chinthu china chakumene chilakwika. Pamene kuli kwakuti oyang'anira boma amakopa kwambiri, amapatsa oyendetsa malamulo a boma amene amayang'anira makampani ambiri a zachuma. Pamene makampani a zachuma akupitiriza kukonza, kutsimikizira kuti misika ya kumaloko ikhalabe yodalirika, yodalirika, ndi yodalirika. Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, kuphunzira malamulo a boma amapereka mawindo a kutetezera anthu pamene boma likulola kuti zinthu zambiri ziyendere bwino.