Kusintha ndiko njira yalamulo imene munthu wosabadwira modzifunira amakhala nzika ya United States. Kwa othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates, njira imeneyi imatanthauza zonse ziŵiri chimake cha ulendo wawo wa ku chisungiko ndi mwaŵi wa kutengamo mbali kotheratu kwa anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti zofunika zazikulu zimawunikira zimene za nzika zina zachikhalire, othaŵa kwawo ndi aslyes zikupindula ndi makonzedwe akutiakuti amavomereza kusamuka kwawo kwapadera. Kumvetsetsa mmene malamulo ameneŵa angagwiritsirire ntchito kungapange kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta ndi kuchedwa.

Kodi Ndani Amene Amayenerera Kuthawa Kwawo Kapena Kuthawa?

Munthu aliyense wothawa kwawo kapena alyee amene wakhala ndi malo oyenera kukhala (a Green Card) ndipo akugwirizana ndi malamulo achilengedwe n’ngofunika kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli m'njira imene wotchiyo imagwirira ntchito. Mosiyana ndi anthu osamukira ku U.S. omwe amaloŵa mwachindunji monga anthu achikhalire, othaŵa kwawo ndi ascaleeas kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi moyo wotetezeka asanayambe kutengera mkhalidwe wa LPR. U.S. Cotizeship and Immigration Service (USCIS) imalola kuti anthu othaŵa kwawo azikhala ndi moyo wawo wopitirizabe ndiponso kuti azitha kuona kufunika kwa moyo wachilengedwe.

Kuti muyenerere, muyenera:

  • Khalani ndi zaka zosachepera 18 panthaŵi ya kukonza mafomu a N-400.
  • Wakhala nzika yachikhalire kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu musanakonzetse kufunsira kwanu. Komabe, ngati munaloledwa kukhala wothaŵa kapena wopulumukira, nthaŵi imene munakhala ku United States monga wothaŵa kapena asyee ingakhale yoŵerengedwa ku nthaŵi ya zaka zisanu zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munali wothaŵa kwawo kwa zaka ziŵiri musanalandire Green Card yanu, mungakhale woyenerera kufunsira kaamba ka kubadwa kwa zaka zitatu zokha pambuyo pa kukhala nzika yachikhalire.
  • Wakhala wokhazikika mu United States kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu (kuphatikizapo nthaŵi yako monga wothaŵa kwawo kapena wa alyee) popanda maulendo otalikirapo alionse amene amachoka kumaiko ena osakhalamo.
  • Pafupifupi miyezi 30 mwa zaka zisanu zimene takhala tikukhala ku United States tisanakonzenso nthaŵi yothawa kwawo kapena kuchuluka kwa alyee.
  • Mukhale m’chigawo cha boma kapena USCIS ndipo mukhale ndi mphamvu yofunsira ntchito kwa miyezi itatu musanalembe.
  • Sonyezani khalidwe labwino mkati mwa nyengo ya malamulo ya zaka zisanu (kapena kuyambira pa tsiku limene munakhala nzika yachikhalire, imene njaifupi koposa).
  • Ŵerengani, lembani, ndi lankhulani Chingelezi chosavuta, pokhapo ngati muyeneretsedwa kukhala ndi msinkhu kapena chilema.
  • Pitani pamene boma linayesa mbiri ya United States ndi boma.
  • Tsatirani malamulo a U.S. ndipo khalani ofunitsitsa kutsatira Chiphunzitso cha Mayanjano.

Asylates ayenera kudziŵa kuti kutsatiridwa kwa madeti a chaka chimodzi kaamba ka maseŵero a kopulumukira sikumayambukira kukhala kwanu woyenerera. Komabe, kusunga malo anu opulumukira kufikira pamene kuli kofunika. Kwa othaŵa kwawo, chofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kaamba ka kukonzanso mkhalidwe wa moyo m’chaka chimodzi cha kulandiridwa monga wothaŵa kwawo n’chosiyana ndi kubadwa. Mukakhala ndi kadi yanu ya Green, wotchi yachilengedwe iyamba kuŵerengera nthaŵi yanu muthawa kapena malo a LPR.

Zofunika Kukhala Wokhazikika: Kuyang’ana Mozama

Kubwerera Kwake Kopitirizabe

Kugona kopitirizabe kumatanthauza kuti simunasiye nyumba yanu mu United States mkati mwa nyengo ya malamulo. Kwa othaŵa kwawo ndi aslates, nyengo imeneyi iyamba pa tsiku limene munaloledwa kukhala wothaŵa kwawo kapena kupatsidwa kopulumukira, osati deti limene munatenga Green Card yanu. Kuchoka kulikonse ku United States kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi koma yosakwanira chaka chimodzi kudzayambitsa chiwopsezo chakuti mwaswa malo okhala opitirizabe. Zochitika za chaka chimodzi kapena zambiri zimapasula nyumba yosatha, pokhapokha ngati mukumana ndi zochitika zenizeni (monga utumiki wa U.S.S. kapena kugwira ntchito kwa makampani ena a U.S.

Ngati muli ndi mapulani a maulendo amene angafutukuke pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, lingalirani kukonza fomu yofunsira chilolezo chobwerera (Form 131) musanachoke. Pamene kuli kwakuti zimenezi sizimasunga malo okhala opitirizabe, zimathandiza kusonyeza cholinga chanu cha kusasiya malo anu okhala ku U.S. Othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates amene amabwerera ku dziko lawo la chiyambi kwa nyengo zotalikirapo ayenera kukonzekera kulongosola chifukwa chake sanaope chizunzo, pamene zimenezi zingadzutse mafunso ponena za kukwaniritsidwa kwa zimene ananena poyamba.

Kukhalapo

Kukhalapo kwanu kwathupi ndiko kukwanira kwa masiku amene munalimo mu United States panthaŵi yofunikira. Panyengo ya zaka zisanu, mumafunikira masiku 913 a kuonekera kwa thupi. Ngati mwakhala wothaŵa kapena asyee kwa zaka zisanu, chofunika chimenechi nchomveka. Koma ngati munasintha ndi LPR posachedwapa, USCIS idzakhala masiku okha amene mudzakhala nawo mu U.S. monga wothaŵa kwawo kapena masiku ambiri pambuyo popeza Khadi lanu la Green. Maulendo achidule kunja kwa U.S. (pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) amaŵerengedwa monga masiku a kukhalapo kwanu kwakuthupi kokha ngati munali mu U.S. tsiku lililonse lakutulukani kudziko lanu.

Kuti muone bwinobwino kuti mulipodi, sungani ndandanda ya maulendo onse apadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo masiku a ulendo ndi kubwerera. Oyang’anira a USCIS angakupempheni zidindo zanu zapasipoti kapena mbiri ya ulendo wanu panthaŵi ya kufunsa kwa chilengedwe. Ngati muli ndi mipata kapena kusatsimikiza, sonkhanitsani mapepala kapena umboni wina wotsimikizira kukhalapo kwanu.

Kufuna Kulamulira

Muyenera kuti munkakhala m'chigawo cha boma kapena USCIS kumene mumalemba pafupifupi miyezi itatu musanalembe. Izi n’zosiyana ndi zofunika zopitiriza kukhalamo. Ngati musamuka mwamsanga mutakonza, USCIS idzatumiza fomu yanu ku dziko latsopano, limene lingachedwetse.

Kusamalira Makhalidwe Abwino

Chiyeneretso chabwino cha makhalidwe abwino nchofunika kwambiri kwa othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates chifukwa cha kupendedwa kowonjezereka kumene kungagwire ntchito ku makhalidwe akale. USCIS idzapenda mbiri yanu ya upandu, komanso zinthu zina zonga ngati ndemanga zabodza pa kufunsira kwanu kopulumukira kapena chinyengo popeza mapindu. Muyenera kusonyeza makhalidwe abwino a nyengo yonse ya malamulo (kwachiyambi kwa zaka zisanu, kapena kuyambira tsiku limene munakhala LPR ngati simunafikire zaka zisanu). Komabe, USCIS angalingalire za makhalidwe oipa kunja kwa nyengo imeneyo ngati ikukhala ndi mkhalidwe wanu lerolino.

Othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates ayenera kudziŵa kuti kulipira misonkho ndi chinthu chofunika kuti akhazikitse. Kulephera kulemba msonkho wa boma, boma, ndi wa khoma lakwanuko ngati pakufunika kuonedwa kukhala kupanda khalidwe labwino. Kuwonjezera apo, kulephera kulembetsa kuti musankhe utumiki (ngati ndinu mwamuna pakati pa 18 ndi 26) kungakhale chifukwa cholepheretsa.

Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya upandu − ngakhale imene inabuka musanabwere ku United States – funsani loya wa anthu osamukirako musanalembe. Upandu wina umene suli milandu yotha kuchotsedwa ukhozabe kutsekereza kubadwa pansi pa "upandu wophatikizapo kulolera kwa makhalidwe abwino" muyezo. Mofananamo, zigamulo zambiri kapena milandu yachiwawa ya m’banja zingakhale zovutitsa. Nkwabwino kukambirana nkhani zimenezi pamutu panu mmalo mopangitsa USCIS kukana zimene zingadzutse milandu.

Kuyesedwa kwa Chingelezi ndi Zipilala

Ofunsira kupeka zinthu achingelezi ayenera kupambana mayeso a kuŵerenga, kulemba, ndi kulankhula, limodzinso ndi kuyesa mbiri ya United States ndi boma. Othaŵa kwawo ndi aslwalees amene akhala ku United States kwa zaka zingapo kaŵirikaŵiri amakulitsa maluso a Chingelezi okwanira. Komabe, USCIS imapereka malo ogona:

  • Zaka ndi malo ongokhala: Ngati muli ndi zaka 50 kapena kuposapo ndipo ngati munakhala ku U.S. monga nzika yachikhalire kwa zaka 20, kapena 55 kapena kuposerapo kwa zaka 15 mukukhala nzika yachikhalire, mungayese m'chinenero chanu. Kwa othaŵa kwawo ndi asylae, zaka zimene munakhala m'malo opulumukirako kwa anthu ameneŵa. Chotero ngati munali wothaŵa kwawo kwa zaka 10 ndipo mwakhala nzika yachikhalire kwa zaka 10, mumakhala ndi zofunika za zaka 20 za moyo wa anthu othaŵa kwawo kwa zaka 50.
  • Kupunduka kwa zamankhwala: Ngati muli ndi vuto lakuthupi kapena kukula kwa thupi kapena kupunduka maganizo kumene kumakulepheretsani kukwaniritsa zofunika za Chingelezi ndi za boma, mungafunsire kwa wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito Masamu N - 648.
  • Anthu a m’deralo amayankha bwino mafunso 6 pa 10 alionse ndipo mabuku ophunzirirawa amapezeka m’zinenero zambiri, kuphatikizapo mafunso 100 amene anamasuliridwa.

Kulankhula kwa Chingelezi kumayesedwa pofunsa anthu zachibadwa mwa kukambirana ndi ofisala wa USCIS. Palibe mayeso apadera olankhula. Othaŵa kwawo ndi assylatee amene ali ndi Chingelezi chochepa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ambiri okhudza kufunsira kwawo ndi chiyambi. Mabungwe ambiri a m’chitaganya amapereka makalasi aulere a Chingelezi ndi a boma makamaka kwa oyembekezera kupatsidwa chibadwa.

Njira Yodziŵira Njirayo

1 Kusankha Kuti Azikumana ndi Mavuto

Tsimikizirani kuti mukhoza kukhala ndi msinkhu, kukhalako, kukhalako, ndi makhalidwe abwino. ŵerengerani deti lanu lakusintha zaka zisanu kuchokera pa tsiku limene mufuna kujambula, ndipo kenaka kuphatikizapo nthaŵi iliyonse imene munathera monga wothaŵa kwawo kapena asyee. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munaloledwa kukhala wothaŵa pa January 1, 2019, ndi kulandira Green Green Card yanu pa January 1, 201, nyengo yanu ya zaka zisanu yopitiriza kukhala inayamba pa January 1, 2019.

2 Kusonkhanitsa Zolembedwa

  • Khadi Lanu la Green (Form I-551).
  • Umboni wa maulendo onse ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana (kuchokera ku malo ena kapena kumbuyo kwa mbiri ya ulendo).
  • Kachipangizo ka msonkho kapena makope a m’zaka zisanu zapitazo.
  • Umboni wa Kulembetsa Utumiki Kosankha (ngati nkogwiritsiridwa ntchito).
  • Zikalata zilizonse zonena za othaŵa kwanu kapena za malo a othaŵa kwawo (I-94, zopereka kalata yopereka kopulumukira, sitampu yolowera kuthaŵa kwawo).
  • Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya upandu, milandu ya khoti ndi malipoti a apolisi.
  • Zithunzi ziŵiri za sitayelo ya pasipoti.

3. Mafomu onse N-400

Tsalani pepala la Application for Naturation Intaneti kudzera pa akaunti yanu ya USCIS kapena papositi.

4. Kusankha Mabakiteriya

USCIS italandira chikalata chanu, mudzalandira pepala losonyeza kuti mukhoza kutumiza zidindo za mazira, zithunzi, ndi kusaina.

Kucheza ndi Anthu Ongofuna Kuwaona Kuti Ndi Oyenera

Ngati kupima kwa kumbuyo kwanu kuli kowonekera bwino, USCIS imandandalika kufunsa mafunso mu ofesi ya m’munda yakwanuko. Ofesiyo ikufuna:

  • Ganiziraninso mmene mumachitira zinthu mogwirizana.
  • Muzikambirana ndi anthu a Chingelezi kuti mudziwe kuti mumalankhula bwanji.
  • Azipereka mayeso a Chingelezi.
  • Muziyesa anthu a m’dziko lanu.
  • Funsani mafunso owonjezereka ponena za mkhalidwe wanu wa makhalidwe ndi kudzipereka kwanu ku Lamulo.

Ngati mupita, wapolisiyo angakuvomerezeni.

6. Mafuta a Chinenero Chokoma

Mukavomera, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wochita mwambo wa onse umene mudzachita nawo mwambo wa palesipoti ya United States.

Mavuto Apadera kwa Othaŵa Kwawo ndi Ogonana Nawo

Kutsimikizira Kukhalabe Pamalo Oyenera Pamene Munali

Imodzi ya nkhani zofala kwambiri zothaŵa kwawo ndi asylates ndiyo kukhalamo mosalekeza kwa nyengo imene iwo sanalandire Gard . Popeza kuti othaŵa kwawo ambiri ndi ascales alibe zolemba zambiri za mapangano a ntchito, mbiri ya ntchito, kapena mafaketi a msonkho wa zaka zoyambirira, umboni wina ungakhale wofunikira. USCIS umalandira makampani a anthu a m’mudzi, mabungwe achipembedzo, kapena marekodi a ntchito kuchokera ku mabungwe a othaŵa nkhondo. N’kwanzeru kusunga mapepala onse ndi mapepala a mapepala a msonkho a ntchito kuyambira panthaŵi imene mumaloledwa kukhala othawa kapena ololedwa, kuphatikizapo zolembera zamankhwala, maphunziro a sukulu, maakaunti a za boma, ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama za kampani.

Kubwerera ku Dziko Lanu Lachiyambi

Monga wothaŵa kwawo kapena wa alyee, kubwerera ku dziko kumene munafuna chizunzo kungadzutse mafunso ponena za kuyenera kwa mantha anu. Oyang’anira a USCIS amadziŵa kuti othaŵa kwawo ena amabwerera kaamba ka maulendo a banja kapena ngozi, koma kumakhalako kwanthaŵi yaitali kapena maulendo obwerezabwereza kungawonedwe kukhala kosemphana ndi kunena kwa chizunzo chakale. Ngati mufunikira kubwerera, sungani zolembedwa zatsatanetsatane za chifuno ndi utali wa ulendowo, ndipo khalani okonzekera kulongosola chifukwa chake mudawona kukhala wosungika kumeneko. M’zochitika zina, kungakhale kwanzeru kuyembekezera kufikira mutafika kudziko lanu lachilengedwe.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu m’Mabanja

Ngati mukwatira mutapatsidwa malo opulumukirako, tsimikizirani kuti mnzanuyo ali wolembedwa bwino. Kukwatira kapena kukwatiwa kwa nzika ya United States kungapereke njira yapadera yopezera chibadwa. Othaŵa kwawo kapena asylae angakhalenso oyenerera kaamba ka malo achilendo, amene amayambukira nthaŵi yawo yachibadwa. Funsani loyamwitsa asanapange zosankha zimene zimasokoneza mbiri yanu ya kusamukira kudziko.

Thanzi Lamaganizo ndi Kupsinjika Mtima

Othaŵa kwawo ambiri ndi asylates akumana ndi mavuto. Kusintha kwachibadwa kungakhale kosautsa, makamaka kufunsa mafunso. Ofunsira ena amaopa kuti zokumana nazo zawo zakale zidzanyalanyazidwa kapena kupendedwa. Palibe manyazi kufunafuna chithandizo kwa katswiri wa zaumoyo kapena wothandiza wodziŵa ntchito yothandiza othaŵa kwawo. Ngati muli ndi matenda a maganizo amene akukhudza kukonzekera kuyesa kapena kulankhulana, mungapemphe chilema kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito zofunika za Chingelezi ndi boma. Zimenezi zimafunikira mapepala kuchokera ku bungwe la zamankhwala.

Mapindu a Kubadwa kwa Othaŵa Kwawo ndi Odwala

  • Kuvota Ufulu: [[FLT :1] Nzika za United States zokha ndi zimene zingavote pa masankho a boma. Chilengedwe chimakupatsani mphamvu yakuyankhulani amene amaimira inu pamlingo uliwonse wa boma.
  • Ulendo wosaletsedwa: Ndi pasipoti ya U.S., mungayende popanda kudera nkhaŵa kuti mukhoza kubwereranso kapena kukhala ndi malo achikhalire. Mukhozanso kuchezera maiko ambiri popanda chikalata choyendera.
  • . Chilengedwe chimachotsa upandu wanu kapena kusintha kwa malamulo a kusamuka.
  • Banja Kusintha: Nzika zingalipirire ziŵalo za banja zochulukirapo (kuphatikizapo ana okwatira, makolo, ndi abale) popanda zikalata za chikalata cha pachaka. Othaŵa kwawo ndi nzika za asylyee amapezanso kukhala kosavuta kubweretsa ziŵalo za banja zimene sizinaloŵetsedwe m'malo awo oyambirira opulumukira.
  • Ntchito zapatali: [[FLT :1] Ntchito zambiri za boma ndi kutsimikizira chisungiko zimafuna unzika wa United States. Kusungitsa lamulo, luntha, ndi malo ambiri a nthambi zaudindo amatsekedwa ndi malo osakwanira.
  • Mapindu Opatulidwa: Zina za mapindu a anthu alipo kwa nzika zokha, ngakhale kuti othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates ali kale ndi anthu ambiri. Monga nzika, simuli okhoza kuletsedwa ndi malamulo ogwirizana ndi kusamuka kuti mupindule ndi kuchuluka.
  • [[FLT :0] Pasport ndi Protection Abrand : Boma la United States limapereka chithandizo chachisawawa kwa nzika za kumaiko akunja. Monga nzika, inu muli ndi ufulu wa kutetezeredwa ngati mukumana ndi ngozi m'maiko akunja.

Msampha Wofala ndi Mmene Mungapewere

  • Dzina la Kudabwitsa: Othaŵa kwawo ambiri ndi ogwidwa maganizo molakwika akuganiza kuti ayenera kudikira zaka zisanu pambuyo pa kulandira kadi lawo la Green. Gwiritsirani lamulo pamwambali: wonjezerani nthaŵi yanu m'zochitika za othaŵa kwawo kapena za asylee ku nthaŵi yanu ya LPR. Ngati chiwonkhetsocho chifika zaka zisanu, mukhoza kulemba.
  • Kubwezanso Msonkho: Chongani bwino chilichonse musanafunse. Ngakhale ngati muli ndi ngongole ya misonkho, kukonza zolipirira kumasonyeza chikhulupiriro chabwino. USCIS ipempha mapepala a msonkho kuchokera ku IRS, chotero zobweza zolembedwa ziyenera kukhala m'dongosolo la IRS.
  • Kuyerekezera Kuyesa kwa Zipics: Phunzirani mosamalitsa mafunso 100. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adutsa, mufunikira 60% yolondola. Othaŵa kwawo achikulire amene akuyenerera chinenero chopimira chikhalire ayenerabe kuyesa a boma m’chinenero chawo. Konzekerani kugwiritsira ntchito zotengera zopezeka kuchokera ku USCIS ndi anzawo apamudzi.
  • Kutenga Trip Yowala Popanda Kulinganiza: Ulendo wautali kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yomapasa. Ngati mufunikira kuyenda, sungani zikalata ndi kulingalira za kufunsira chilolezo cha kubwerera musanachoke. Kambiranani ndi loya waudindo pasadakhale.
  • Kukondwera ku Madiresi Ofitikiza: Ngati musuntha, lembani AR-11 ndi USCIS ndi kukonzanso keyala yanu m'makompyuta anu. Kulephera kulandira chidziŵitso cha kufunsa sikuli chifukwa chophonya kuikidwa kwanu.
  • Kufunafuna Chithandizo Chalamulo Pamene Chikufunika: Ngati muli ndi kucholoŵana kulikonse m'mbiri yanu – mbiri yanu ya upandu, maukwati ambiri, kukana kwanu koyambirira, kapena mafunso onena za nthaŵi yanu monga wothaŵa – kulipirira kaamba ka kufunsira ndi loya wotchuka wa kusamuka. Ndalamazo nzochepa poyerekezera ndi zotulukapo za kukana.

Chuma cha Othaŵa Kwawo ndi Asiliki

Several organizations offer free or low-cost legal assistance and naturalization preparation. The USCIS Citizenship Resource Center provides official study materials, including the 100 civics questions, practice tests, and the N-400malangizo m'zinenero zambiri. AUSCIS Policy Manual Volume 12 ili ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane a kujambula, kuphatikizapo zigawo zakutizakuti za othaŵa kwawo ndi asylates.

Mabungwe othawa kwawo ogwirizana ndi bungwe la USA Refugee Council USA [1] kapena Komiti Yopulumutsa ya Mchenga wa Mayiko [[FLT:]], kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka makalasi achilengedwe ndi chithandizo cha zofunsira. American Immigration Lawers Association ili ndi khonsati ya maloya a anthu ozoloŵera kusamukira kudziko. Ngati kuli kusamala, funa ma prono kukonza ma pronoclagilamu achilengedwe m'dera lanu – mizinda yambiri ikutsatira zochitika zimene oweruza kuti apende maseŵero-N400 ndi kukonzekera kufunsa mafunso.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani kuti kukonza zinthu mwachibadwa si nkhani ya malamulo chabe, koma kuti munthu aliyense azitha kukhala m’dzikolo, ndiye kuti afunika kukhala ndi ufulu wochita zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi dziko la America.