Table of Contents

Kuthandiza Kwabwino kwa Zombo za M’dzikolo

Kuyanjana pakati pa maboma a boma ndi boma pa ntchito zazikulu za madongosolo a zamalonda kwakhala maziko a kutukuka kwa chuma ndi ubwino wa anthu. Pamene njira zoyendera, madongosolo a madzi, ndi ma giramu a mphamvu zamagetsi a dzikolo, kufunika kwa kugwirizanitsa zinthu kukukulirakulira. Kugwirizana kwa boma kumalola kuphatikizana kwa chuma, kulinganiza kwa dongosolo la zachuma, ndi kugawana kwa ukatswiri wa zaluso. Popanda kuyendetsa ntchito zimenezi, ntchito zambiri zodetsa nkhaŵa zingachedwe, kutayitsa ndalama, kapena kutha kwachiza. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza njira, zipambano, ndi malangizo a m'tsogolo a mgwirizano, kupereka chidziŵitso cha opanga madongosolo, mainjiniya, ndi atsogoleri a .

Mbiri Yakale: Kuchokera pa Kamera Yatsopano Kufikira ku Kuimbidwa Malamulo ndi Ntchito

Mwambo wa kugwirizana kwa zigwirizano za boma ku United States unayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Mwachitsanzo, kumangidwa kwa Hoover Dam m'ma 1930, kunaphatikizapo kuchirikiza ndalama za boma ndi mapangano a ufulu wa madzi a boma. Komabe, kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa kusintha kunayambika ndi Federal-Aid Highway Act ya 1956, imene inayambitsa Interstate Highway System . Chitsanzo chimenecho ndi kuphedwa kwa boma .

Mu 2021, [[FL:0] Infractive Information and Jobs Act [FLT :1] Act (IIJA) inatsimikizira njira imeneyi, kuwonjezera $1.2 biliyoni ya zaka zoposa zisanu za misewu, milatho, kumanga, madzi, ndi maprojekiti a mphamvu. Maboma amachita mbali yaikulu m'kuchotsa ndalama zimenezi, kuyambitsa ntchito, ndi kuyang'anira. Kumvetsa mbiri ya kusinthika kwa mayanjano ameneŵa kumathandiza kufotokoza ponse paŵiri mphamvu zawo ndi mafunde awo a pa nthaŵi zina.

Mabungwe Osiyanasiyana: Kupereka Ndalama, Kubwezeretsa Zinthu, ndi Kuthandiza Mwaluso

Programu za Malo ndi Kupereka Ndalama

Boma la boma limagaŵira ndalama za mafashoni makamaka mwa njira ndi ndalama zoperekera ndalama zoperekera. Ndalama zonga zimene zili pansi pa Highway Trust Fund, zimapatsa mayiko ziŵiya zoikizidwa chaka chilichonse. Makampani, monga BuILD (Zofunika Kuthandiza Kupanga ku Leverage Development) ndi RAISE (Kukhazikitsanso American Infrastructure ndi Programme , kufupa, kukonza, kukonza mayeso, kuwonjezera mayeso, kufunsira kwa mitundu yambiri. Njira zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi zolinga za dziko, monga kuchepetsa kutulutsa carbon kapena kuwongolera njira za kuyendetsa zinthu.

Kuwongolera ndi Kulola Kusintha

Federal stative aunt system imaphatikizaponso kuyendetsa mapulaneti oyendera limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito za maziko a madzi zingafunikire zilolezo kuchokera ku Environal Protection Agency (EPA) pansi pa maofesi Oyera a madzi, komanso kupenda malo okhala. Malamulo a boma a boma akufuna kugwirizanitsa malamulo a malo okhala mwa kupanga bungwe lotsogolera ndi kuika malire. Mayiko ena, monga Texas ndi California, akhazikitsa maofesi opatulirako kuti agwirizane ndi mayiko ndi kulola.

Thandizo la Zopangapanga ndi Ntchito Yomanga

Maboma ambiri aang'ono kapena akumidzi alibe uinjiniya ndi antchito okonzekera kuyang'anira ntchito zazikulu. Boma la boma, kupyolera mwa mabungwe onga Fateral Highway Administration [FLT] ] (FHWA) ndi Dipatimenti ya Energy , imapereka chithandizo cha zomanga, maprogramu ophunzitsa, ndi machitidwe abwino koposa. Mwachitsanzo, FHWA’S Day Days quality [1] Dys , monga kumanga ndi kutumiza maprojekiti kofulumira, kumene kungatengere kuchepetsa mtengo ndi nthaŵi.

Magulu Otchuka Ogwirizanitsa

Zoyendera: Makwalala, Malaladala, ndi Malowera

Nyumba za zoyendera zidakali malo owonekera kwambiri a mgwirizano wa boma. JWI IMA imaphatikizapo $110 biliyoni ya misewu ndi milatho, ndi maboma amene ali ndi thayo la kusanthula ntchito ndi kuisamalira. Maprogramu owonjezera monga Bridge Investivement Program imapereka ndalama zothandizira kudutsa kopereŵera. Madongosolo a kampani, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma kapena akuluakulu a chigawo, amalandira mathirakiti ndi ndalama zothandizira kufutukuka ndi kuwonjezera kwamakono. Zitsanzo zaposachedwapa zimaphatikizapo programu ya zamakono [[FLT:] [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . .G.G.S.S. ku New York, ndi New Jersey, zoyesayesa zambiri kulowa m'madoko wa North Brime ndi kufupi ndi ku Brierop.

Madzi Omera: Madzi Oyera ndi Madzi Akumwa

Chigwirizano cha boma m'madongosolo a madzi chimayendetsedwa kwambiri kudzera m'S State Revoten Fund (SRF) yoyendetsedwa ndi EPA. Ceaner Water State Revoten Fund for forhazar State machiza a zachuma zowononga madzi ndi ntchito za madzi osefukira, pamene kusungirira kwa kampani ya kusuntha za madzi kumachirikiza kupita patsogolo kwa madongosolo a madzi. Maboma amakhazikitsa zofunika, kupereka ndalama zoyendera limodzi, ndi kupatsa ndalama zothandizira ndalama zofunikira kwambiri kwa oyendetsa zinthu za m'thupi. IIJA inawonjezera $5 biliyoni imodzi pa ntchito za madzi, ndi cholinga chochotsa mizere ya mtovuto, kuchotsa PFASta contaminations, ndi kupereka ndalama za madzi m'midzi.

Mphamvu ya Magetsi ya Masiku Ano ndi Zomwe Zingayambitsedwenso

Féderal system transmittee transmittee perfect yapeza kufulumira ndi kukakamiza kuchotsa mphamvu. Department of Energy’s Commission Grid Resilience State ndi Tribal Forula Grants [1] . Amathandiza kukhazikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kutentha ndi kuukira kwa pa Intaneti. Maboma amagwiranso ntchito ndi Federal Energy Regural Commission (FERC) ku malo opatsira mizere ya , ngakhale kuti mikangano ya chigawo chapamwamba ikupitirizabe. AYJA amasungitsa ntchito yopereka chionetsero, ma nyukliya otso otsolitsidwa, ndi malo oyera, kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna zivomerezo za boma zokhala pansi ndi zolipirira za boma.

Zomangira Zamakono: Zomangira Zotakata

Kuloŵa kwa intaneti yokwera kwadziŵika tsopano kukhala maziko ofunika kwambiri. Kufalikira kwa Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program , mbali ya ILDA , kumapereka makampani $4,500,000,000 kuti afutukule malo autali m'madera osasungidwa ndi osungidwa. Maboma amapanga mapu a zaka zisanu, kutsogolera mapu, ndi kuchirikiza makampani a pa Intaneti ndi a makampani. Zitsogozo za chigawo cha Federa zimafuna kuti ntchito zothandizira ntchito zimene zimatumikira masukulu monga masukulu, malaibulale, ndi zipatalansi.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Kusintha kwa Malo Oyenda Bwino

Njira Yolowera M’mayiko Osiyana: Kupeza Mnzawo Wokwatirana

Mgwirizano wa makampani wa Interstate Highway System udakalibe wothandiza kwambiri. Begun mu 1956, bungwe la anthu olankhula mawu 48,000 linamangidwa pansi pa 90% ya boma [1] 10% lagaŵikana. Programu imeneyi sinangosintha zinthu ndi ulendo wa munthu komanso inakhazikitsa njira zoonera chilengedwe, kukonza masiteshoni, ndi maphunziro a ntchito. Maboma monga California ndi Illinois anayang'anira mizinda mochititsa kuti agwirizane. Dongosololi lina linatsogolera mapulogalamu otsatira monga National Highway System ndi Surface program.

Malo a Mtovu ndi Malo Oloŵedwa m’malo ndi Amadzi a Pittsburgh

Ku Pittsburgh, mabungwe a boma ndi akuluakulu a boma anagwirizana ndi chipangizo cha m'malo mwa mizere ya mtovu ndi maadiresi. Pennsylvania Infrapublicment Investice Authority (PENNVVEST) inapereka ngongole zotsika kuchokera ku Supto Water State Revoiver Fund, yowonjezera ndi chilolezo cha IIJA. Projekitiyo, yomwe inaloŵetsanso ntchito za m'gulu la anthu ndi maphunziro a antchito, ndi chitsanzo cha mmene mgwirizano wa boma ungachitire ndi nkhani za chilungamo.

Programu ya Magetsi ya ku Colorado

Colorado anagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma kuchokera ku National Genel Vehicle Infrapublica (NEVI) Programu yoika masiteshoni oyendetsa galimoto zazikulu. Bomalo linapanga mapulani ogwirizana ndi Office ya Magetsi ndi Transport, yoikidwa m’malo a m’midzi, ndipo ikumayang'aniridwa ndi makampani a anthu. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2025, Colorado imayembekezera kukhala ndi gulu la operekera ndalama mofulumira makilomita 50 alionse pa makosiposi a , kusonyeza mmene chitsogozo cha boma chingafulumize kukonzanso boma.

Mavuto Opeza Ntchito Zothandiza

Kupereka Zosoŵa ndi Kuwononga Ndalama

Ngakhale kuti mpikisano wa zachuma wa m'mbiri wa kukwera kwa ndalama udakalipo. Msonkho wa gasi wa boma sunakwezedwe kuyambira 1993, kuchititsa kupereŵera mu Highway Trust Fund . Mayiko angavutike kupereka ndalama zofanana, makamaka panthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma. Kuwononga ndalama pa ntchito zazikulu, monga ngati njanji yapamwamba ya California kapena Boston’s Big Dig, kumasonyeza maupandu a kusokonezeka ndi kulephera kuyang'anira. Kulimbitsa dongosolo la boma la zachuma kuli kofunika kuti anthu apitirizebe kudalirana.

Ntchito Zomanga Zolola Kupita Kutsogolo

Boma lililonse lili ndi njira zakezake za malo okhala, malamulo a antchito, ndi malamulo. Projekiti imene imadutsa mzera wa boma ingafunikire chilolezo kuchokera ku madipatimenti aŵiri osiyana a zoyendera, limodzi ndi mabungwe ambiri a boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la Federal Council Lagamulo lathandiza, silikukwaniritsa mitundu yonse ya ntchito. Bungwe lamakono la National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Act cholinga cha kuchepetsa kulola nthaŵi mwa kupanga bungwe limodzi lotsogolera ndi kulimbikitsa kubwerera kwa bungwe lachiŵiri.

Zinthu Zotchuka ndi Zofunika Kwambiri pa Ndale

Mayanjano a boma ndi ogwirizana ndi masankho ndi kusagwirizana. Kusintha kwa White House kapena boma kungasinthe njira zothandizira, miyezo ya malo okhala, kapena mpambo wa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kusumika maganizo kwa Trump pa kuletsa kulimba kwa nyengo ndi kulinganiza. Kuletsa ndale zadziko, maboma ena akhazikitsa malamulo amene amafuna mapulani a zaka zambiri ndi magwero opatulidwa a ndalama.

Kuchitira Zinthu Mosakondera ndi Mgwirizano wa Anthu

Makonzedwe a zachitetezo a boma awononga anthu ndi anthu a mitundu yochepera opezeka ndi ochepera kupyolera m'kumanga misewu yaikulu, kukonzanso matauni, ndi madzi otsekedwa. ISYJA imaphatikizapo makonzedwe a Justice40 [, amene amatsogolera 40% ya mapindu a maprogramu ena ku madera osauka. Komabe, kulinganiza kumasinthasintha kumagawo osiyanasiyana. Kugwirizana kothandiza tsopano kumafuna mgwirizano wa anthu, kuphatikizapo kumva kwa onse, mabodiresi oonetsa, ndi kuonekera kwa madata.

Kupereka ndi Kupereka Machitsanzo Othandiza

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Onse (P3s)

Kuwonjezera pa zopereka zamwambo, maboma ambiri akutembenukira ku mayanjano a anthu. M'kaundula wa paokha, P3, gulu lachinsinsi, limamanga, ndalama, amagwira ntchito, ndi kusungitsa malo a nthaŵi yoikika. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo I 955 Express Corridor mu Florida ndi [FLT] [FLT] [a] [FLT] ALET of Mien Tunnel [[. Chichirikizo cha P3 imabwera kudzera m'zakedzana ndi Inslactive Revoluence ndi Information Act (TIA) A) Programme , imene imapereka ndalama zokongola zotsika kwambiri. Otsutsa kuti [FLT] angawonongeke ngati ndalama za m'thungopeto, koma ataifupi, pamene ayendetsa bwino, ndi kutumiza bwino.

Kugwira ndi Kuonda Kwamtengo Wapatali

Maboma akufufuzanso phindu la ntchito, monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama za msonkho (TIF) ndi mapangano a ndalama zoyendetsera. Mapangano owonjezera, mapangano oyendera pamodzi amalola okonza nyumba imodzi kuthandizira kuwongolera malo operekera ufulu wa ndege kapena malo operekera ndege. Boma limalimbikitsa mafanizo ameneŵa kudzera mwa Builma America Bureaual , imene imapereka chithandizo cha ngongole ndi malangizo a zopangapanga.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito Zofutukula

Chitokoso chachikulu cha kukhazikitsa ntchito za boma ndi kusoŵa kwa ntchito zaumoyo, kuyambira mainjiniya ndi mamanejala a ntchito zomanga ndi okonza magetsi. ISYJA imaphatikizapo $30 biliyoni kaamba ka maphunziro a ntchito, koma maboma ayenera kupanga maprogramu amene amayenderana ndi misika ya antchito yakwawo. Maboma ambiri agwirizana ndi makoleji a anthu, mayunivesiti, ndi maprogramu ophunzitsa ntchito zapakompyuta. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT: 0] TExas Infractive Workporactive Coltivative Col Motivative [1] Zopanga ntchito za anthu a m'makwane ndi antchito ochepa kwambiri. Makampani a ntchito zapamwamba a ntchito zaungwelo angathandizire maphunziro opanga malonda ofuna ntchito.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Ndiponso Zinthu Zosawonongeka

Pamene nyengo yachisanu ikhala yowopsa, kugwirizana kwa boma pa kulimba kwa nyengo nkofunika. Fateral Emergency Management Agency (FAMA) imapereka ndalama za kuchepetsa madzi ndi kukonzekera tsoka, koma mayiko ayenera kuyambitsa mayeso a ngozi ndi zinthu zofunikira. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu za bipartisan zimayenderana ndi ndalama zimene boma limayendera pothandiza anthu kugula zinthu za ku America, ndi kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko. Maboma amene amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomangira zotsika za galimoto, monga ngati stom yobwereranso kapena khonkhi yotsika, angapereke mphatso. Zisonkhezero zimenezi zimasonkhezera zinthu zonse zachilengedwe kuti zisungike.

Luso la Zaluso ndi Maluso

Luso la zopangapanga likusintha njira imene mgwirizano wa boma ndi boma amakonzera, kumanga, ndi kugwira ntchito. Zida zonga Gayographic Information Systems (GIS) zomalemba zokhala ndi mapepala ozungulira, Kukonza Chifaniziro cha Chidziŵitso (BMP) [[FLT:]] cha kukonza, ndi [[FLT:]] zotengera zojambula zoyendera za kumanga [[FLT] [FLT] [FT:5] kuti kuyang'anira kwa zaumoyo kukhale kofala. FWA's Tsiku lililonse limalimbikitsa ntchito ya kugwiritsa ntchito ecluation ndi kukonza ndi kumanga zinthu zina zomanga. Kusintha maluso a zamakono ndi kukhoza kuchepetsa ntchito za mabizinesi oyendere.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kulimbitsa Mnzathu

Njira Yopinga Zinthu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyenda Kwanthaŵi Yaitali

Akatswiri apempha bungwe la boma lachikhalire kuti liyang'anire kuyang'anira ziwiya zamakono za zaka 20, zofanana ndi National Surface Infrastructure Commission yomwe inafuna kuti asinthe ndalama. Makonzedwe a bungwe limodzi angathandize kugwirizanitsa boma ndi boma, kuchepetsa kujambula, ndi kuchirikiza anthu.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Kowonjezereka kwa Zotulukapo Zozikidwa pa Maziko

Mmalo mwa kungolondola ndalama zowonongedwa, mbadwo wotsatira wa mapangano a boma uyenera kusumika maganizo pa zotulukapo: kuchepetsa nthaŵi zoyendera, kuwonongeka kwa ngozi, kuwongolera madzi akumwa, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kugonedwa. ISJA ikufuna kale maboma kupereka lipoti la manambala a maprogramu ena. Kukulitsa njira imeneyi kungalimbitse kuŵerengera ndi kusonyeza phindu la kugwirizana ndi okhoma misonkho.

Kukulitsa Tsankhu ndi Kusunga Anthu

Mabungwe a boma ndi a boma akuyesa kupindulitsa mapangano a anthu, kusamutsidwa ndi boma lakwawo, ndi njira zoyendera. Kupereka ndalama zamtsogolo kuyenera kufunikiritsa pangano latanthauzo la chitaganya panthaŵi iliyonse, kuyambira pa kuyang'anira mpaka kukonza. Maboma ena apanga kale mabungwe a mapangano amene amapenda ziganizo za maprojekiti asanayambe kupereka ndalama.

Likulu Lapamseri ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Boma la boma liyenera kufutukula maprogramu onga TITIA ndi Water Infraformation Inslactive and Innovation Act (WIFFIA) kuti lifutukule mitundu yambiri ya ntchito. Maboma angapange mabanki a zomangamanga kuti akope oikizira a boma, monga momwe ena achitira. Mafanizo a zachuma amene amaphatikiza ndalama za boma, ndalama za boma, ndi likulu laumwini atha kutsegula chuma chatsopano cha maprojekiti akumidzi ndi mizinda mofananamo.

Kumaliza

Mayanjano pakati pa maboma a boma ndi boma pa ntchito zazikulu za mabizinesi. Komabe, monga mmene mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo, kusokonezeka kwa luso la zopangapanga, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kugwirizana kuyenera kuyambika. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo amakono, kukonzanso chuma ndi kukonzanso, ndi kukonzanso ntchito, ndi kukonza zinthu zaumoyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Komabe, monga mmene mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo, kusokonezeka kwa luso la zopangapanga, ndi kuchuluka kwa mayanjano, kugwirizana kuyenera kuchitika. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo amakono, kukonzanso malamulo, kulinganiza kukhazikika ndi kukonza zinthu, ndi kukonza ntchito ntchito, boma zingapereke malo amene amathandiza mibadwo yakudza. Magalimotowo sangakhale: misewu yowonjezereka, timachita mabowo, ndi mabowonekedwe amakono a zinthu apamwamba.

[[FLT :] kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa ziwiya za boma zapadera, onani Nyumba Yoyera Yomangidwanso Yabwinopo Chitsogozo , Fiteral Highwal Administration , ndi [[FLT:] MPEND] , [PUP] THE THE THE GATE RE PO MPHment Fund .