Madipatimenti apolisi a boma amatumikira monga njira yoyamba yopimira ndi kuyang'anira zidindo zambiri zimene zimateteza anthu, kupima ntchito, ndi kutumiza zosankha. Udindo wosonkhanitsa, kusunga, ndi kugawana mbiri ya moyo ndi kulinganiza zinthu si cheke chachikale ayi. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupendedwa kochuluka kwa malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a boma, malamulo a boma, ndi chitetezo cha malamulo. Kumvetsa malamulo amene amalamulira ntchito zimenezi n’kofunika kwa akuluakulu a boma, akatswiri a zachuma, malangizo a zamalamulo, ndi anthu amene amayang'ana za kumbuyo. Nkhaniyi imapereka mapendedwe owonjezereka a malamulo, njira zachinsinsi, chitetezo, ndi machitidwe oyenerera amene apolisi akufotokoza mmene amachitira zinthu ndi kuyang'anira ndi kujambula kwa mizere.

Maziko a Malamulo a Macheke a Kumbuyo ndi Kujambula Ziŵalo

Ulamuliro wa Boma

Nyumba iliyonse ya boma imakhazikitsa malamulo akutiakuti amene amapatsa apolisi ulamuliro wa kuchita zofufuza za kumbuyo ndi zala. Malamulo ameneŵa amasonyeza kwambiri mitundu ya macheke ololedwa (m'chitsanzo, mbiri ya upandu, kuyendetsa mafashoni, malo antchito), anthu kapena mabungwe amene angawapemphe (olemba ntchito, mabungwe odzifunira), ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kololedwa kwa zolembedwazo. Mwachitsanzo, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo ofunikira kumbuyo kwa anthu ovutika ogwirira ntchito monga ana, okalamba, kapena opunduka. [FLT:] National Association of State Religionation Translation (NASDLC) [FFF:1] akupereka miyezo imene imagwirizana ndi malamulo ambiri.

Kuloŵerana Malamulo kwa Malamulo

Apolisi samagwira ntchito pa malo osungiramo zinthu. Federal Bureau of Investigation Justice Information Service (CJIS) Division imasunga pulogalamu ya dziko lonse ya mbiri ya upandu. Kuti apeze mabungwe a FBI, mabungwe a boma ayenera kuloŵa m'pangano lalamulo ndi kugwirizana ndi [[FLT:] National Crime Prevention and Commentation (NCPC) [NFL:3] ya 1998. Pansi pa Khoti, apolisi angapemphe mafalipo a mbiri ya mbiri ya upandu kaamba ka zifuno za chiŵeruzo monga ntchito ndi kumanga nyumba zomangira, koma kokha ngati ofunsira chilo chakulembero cholembedwa ndi chilolezo chovomerezedwa ndi boma. Kuphatikizapo [FFFFRActive Active] [FFFF: Active] Octive: Factive imagwiritsira ntchito ndi zikalata za boma za boma za boma zambiri za boma pamene akufufuza ndi kutumiza kufalitsa milandu, po

Ziphunzitso za Malamulo

Demendment yachinayi imateteza anthu kuti asafufuze ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti kujambula minwe kwakhala kukuonedwa kukhala kuloŵerera kochepa (onani Davis v. Mississippi , 394 U.S. 721 (69), kusonkhanitsa kwa chidziŵitso cha zinthu za miyalo m'masamu ndi kuweruza kwa mizera kuyenerabe. Makhoti asungabe chiwongola dzanja cha boma ngati chiwongola dzanja cha boma pamene atsagana ndi ulamuliro ndi chivomezo cha munthu aliyense payekha. Komabe, malo alamulo ayamba kutulukira, makamaka ndi kukwera kwa zolemba ndi nkhaŵa pa kukhalabe zachinsinsi. Malamulo otero monga ngati malamulo a Illinoteal B (Chikalata cha Zikalata cha Zikalata ndi Chikalata cha Maloneso.)

Zolinga Zochitira Malonda Apamtunda

Kutsimikizira Chidziŵitso ndi Kuvomereza Kosasintha

Asanayambitse kupenda za kumbuyo, apolisi a boma ayenera kutsimikizira bwino lomwe za chipani chofunsiracho ndi nkhani ya cheke. Kuti ntchito ndi macheke ofufuza, nkhaniyo iyenera kupereka chizindikiritso chovomerezeka cha boma . Motsimikizirika laisensi ya dalaivala kapena pasipoti . Luso la chivomerezolo liyenera kutchula bwino cholinga cha cheke, mitundu ya mafashoni oti afufuzidwe (m'zi, ntchito, maphunziro), ndi mabungwe amene adzalandira chidziŵitsocho. Mabungwe ambiri amafuna kuti chikhale chosalembedwa kapena cholembedwa. [[FLT:] Falteral Traclation Commission , [FLD] [12] imapereka chitsogozo pa kuvomereza kwa FRA, ndi kupeŵetsa malamulo apolisi ogwirizana.

Kusankha Bukhu la Zolembalemba la Baibulo Loyenera

Si mayeso onse a kumbuyo amene amapangidwa olingana. Apolisi a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi mizera yosiyanasiyana ya chidziŵitso:

  • Kaunda ya mbiri ya upandu yadziko [1] – imasungidwa ndi apolisi a boma iwo eni, okhala ndi zolembedwa za kumangidwa, zikhululukiro, ndipo nthaŵi zina zopanda chidziŵitso.
  • FBI Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) – malo osungiramo mbiri ya upandu operekedwa ndi mabungwe a boma, boma, ndi akumaloko.
  • CVS Desender Public Registerry (NSOPR) [1] – yokhoza kufunafuna malo aupandu wa kugonana.
  • Ziŵiya zapadera za m'dziko [[FLT :1] – e.m., kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa ana m'makalata olembetsera, mpambo wa chisamaliro chochotsera.

Lamulo la boma limasankha kuti ndi pulojekita yanji imene iyenera kufunsidwa kaamba ka chifuno choperekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kupima kwa kumbuyo kwa woyendetsa basi ya sukulu kungafunikire ponse paŵiri cheke ya boma ndi ya FBI ya zidindo, pamene woyang'anira wodzifunira angafunikire kokha cheke chozikidwa pa dzina la boma. U.S. Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo [1] yapereka malamulo atsatanetsatane olamulira kupezeka kwa FBI (28 C.F.R.R.). Boma apolisi ayenera kutsatira malamulo ameneŵa kutsimikizira chigwirizano chalamulo ndi umphumphu wa madata.

Kufunafuna

Atangopeza chilolezo ndi kutulukira bwino, apolisi akufufuza. Macheke ozikidwa pa dzinalo, makompyuta a pulogalamuyi amafanana ndi dzina la munthu, deti la kubadwa, nambala ya chitetezo cha anthu . Pa macheke a zigaŵenga za zidindo za maminwe, macheke ojambula ndi opatsirana ndi makompyuta, makompyuta a pulogalamu a a apolisi opanga mizere (AFIS), ponse pamlingo wa boma ndi ku Navital Identificated Sy System (IAFIS), kufunafunako kutulutsa ndandanda ya masewera a masewera, amene amakonzedwa ndi ophunzitsidwa ndi otsimikizira kuti atsimikizire chizindikiritso. Pansi pa [FLD:] National Dectic Act Act [FFF], akulandira ndalama zoyendera za kumbuyo kwa ana a kuyang''asensi kwa madensi kwa madensi kwa madensi kwa madensi kwa madensi.

Kusimba Zotulukapo Zake

Apolisi a boma ali ndi thayo lakusimba molongosoka ndi mofulumira. Nthaŵi zambiri kutembenuka kumayambira maola 24 mpaka milungu ingapo, kudalira pa kucholoŵana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Malipoti amatumizidwa ku gulu lopempha (m’chitsanzo, chigawo cha sukulu, komiti yolemba, bwanamkubwa) ndi kulembedwa kwa mafaketi alionse a upandu. Maboma ambiri amapereka kuyenera kwa munthu kulandira lipotilo [, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri samafuna kutsutsa mayeso mwa kupenda kapena kuchotsa. [FLT:] Maboma ambiri amapereka chikalata cha 1974 [FLT:] [FLT]] Akugwiranso bungwe lokhala ndi mapepala ogwirizana opereka lipoti [CY:], popereka mayenerective ogwirizana ndi kutha kutha kuvomereza mayeso a anthu.

Kupereka Zifukwa za Mfuti ndi Zofunika za Malamulo

Kuvomereza ndi Kudziŵa

Kujambula chakumanja ndi mzera ndi msonkhano wa zilembo zimene zimafuna tsatanetsatane, chivomerezo chodziŵitsidwa. Kuvomereza kuyenera kuperekedwa modzifunira, popanda kukakamiza, ndipo munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa mmene zosindikizazo zidzagwiritsidwira ntchito, kusunga, ndi kugawana. M'maiko ambiri, mtundu wa chivomerezo uyenera kunena kuti: “Ndikulola apolisi kusonkhanitsa zidindo zanga ndi kuzitumiza ku FBI pa cholinga cha kuchititsa mbiri ya upandu. [FLT: 0] Zolemberazo [[FLT:] Zipangizo] Zosungira Underezo za Underezo (BPA) Act , limodzi la malamulo apadera a zachinsinsi, lamulo lakuti makampani ena (ndikumasulira, mabungwe a boma) ayenera kuvomereza, kukonzanso, ndi kuletsa chidziŵitso cha zinthu cha zinthu. Malamulo ena ogwirizana ndi a Washington, monga momwe a Washington, malamulo a boma.

Njira ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zifuwa

Apolisi a boma amagwiritsira ntchito [[FLT: 0] akatswiri a minwe yotsimikiziridwa amene amagwiritsira ntchito ink-full kapena kukhala ndi moyo kwa makompyuta. Makompyuta a moyo amanyamula zidindo za mizere, kuchotsa kupotoza ndi kupotozedwa kofala ndi makhadi a ink. Magulu a Federal Bureau of Invitution amalamulira kuti mizere yonse yoperekedwa ku CJIS kaamba ka mayeso aupandu ayenera kukumana ndi [[FLT:] Exronsontion Translation Translation (EFTS) [FLTS]) yovomerezeka nthaŵi zonse ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwalamulo. Nthaŵi zambiri, mabungwe apolisi amasunga miyoyo yawo m’maofesi a chigawo cha chigawo ndi makampani a kampani a kumbali.

Kupita ku FBI

Pamene kuyang'ana kwa minwe kufunikira kufufuzidwa kwa boma, apolisi a boma ayenera kutumiza mapepala a pakompyuta ku FBI kudzera ku CJIS. Kutumizako kuyenera kulembedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa. FBI kenaka ikuchita kufunafuna motsutsana ndi ndandanda yake ya dziko ndi kubwezera mbiri ya upandu ku bungwe la boma lovomerezeka. Apolisi a boma ali ndi udindo wosamalira mabukhu obwezedwawo bwino ndi kugawana ndi gulu limene linapempha kupenda. CJIS Security Policy [ akupereka zofunika zatsatanetsatane za mmene mapondero a maminwe ayenera kusungidwira, kutumizidwa, ndi kuphatikizapo zofunika za kutsimikizira kwa zinthu ziŵiri, zilogilamu, ndi zoyendera zapansi ya anthu onse amene ali ndi njira za CIS.

Kusunga ndi Kusunga Zinthu Zapachifuwa

Pamene atolankhani asonkhanitsa zidindo za minwe, apolisi a boma ayenera kutsatira malamulo osamalitsa. Maboma ena amasunga ziŵerengero za zidindo za anthu amene adawasindikiza zidindo . "amene alandira ntchito, amatsatsa maula, kapena kuweruza kwaupandu. Ena amafuna kuchotsa pambuyo poti macheke a kumbuyo atha ndi kutsimikiza. National Institute of Standard and Technology [NUTC] [NUT)] [NUFLD] [ya] [yapatula] nthaŵi yosindikiza yosunganso zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma lamulo la boma liyenera kutsogolera. Mwachitsanzo, Penteko ya California Codectal . Penectal depart of Justial promotementsssssssssss of remoclation for shortment shoms tractive , pamene lamulo la lamulo la lamulo lifunikira kukhazikitsa lamulo.

Zitetezero Zamseri ndi Zoletsa Malamulo

Kupezeka ndi Kufunika

Kufikira ku kuyang'ana ndi kudziŵitsa za zidindo kuli kochepa kwa antchito amene ali ndi “kuzindikira kofunikira kwa" kaamba ka kusungitsa lamulo kapena zifuno zauyang'aniro. Apolisi a boma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madongosolo oloŵa, kuphatikizapo zilolezo zozikidwa pa ntchito, kupenda matabwa, ndi maphunziro a nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi a chitetezo. Pansi pa C.F.R. Gawo 20.33 (b) , kufalitsa maboloshansi a FCPC ndi lamulo la boma kumaletsedwa kusiyapo ngati n’lonetseka ndi NCPCPCCC ndi. Kulowera kapena kufalitsa kungatuluke mlandu, zilo, ndi kutayikiridwa kwa njira za CJS.

Kusunga Zolemba

Malamulo a boma amafunika kuti pakhale nthawi yokwanira yosunga malipoti a zidindo za zidindo za zidindo za malaya.

  • Zaka 3-7 za kupenda ntchito yokhudzana ndi malo a ntchito pambuyo pa kutha kwa unansi wa ntchito.
  • Mosatha kaamba ka kufunsa ndi kuweruza kwa milandu.
  • Pugalamu pa lamulo la khoti pa milandu imene mafashoni anachotsedwa kapena kusindikizidwa.

Act Fateral Records imaika zofunika zowonjezereka pa mabungwe amene amalandira ndalama za boma. Apolisi a boma ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo olembedwa omwe alipo poyera ndi kubwereranso chaka ndi chaka. Kulephera kumamatira ku madeti a kuŵerengetsera kungavumbule chikalatacho pa mabwalo a boma pa zochita zachinsinsi kapena Chikalata mu Sunster malamulo amene amafunikira kuwonekera bwino.

Zofunika Kudziŵa

Pamene kuyang'ana za kumbuyo kuvumbula chidziŵitso choipa . monga ngati chigamulo chaupandu, chiŵalocho chiyenera kupatsa munthu kope la lipotilo ndi malongosoledwe a zoyenera zawo pansi pa FCRA asanachitepo kanthu koipa. Izi zimadziŵika monga pasadakhale kachiweruzo [. Mabungwe a apolisi amene amatumiza mwachindunji lipotilo kwa munthuyo ndi ofunikanso kudziŵitsa ngati lipotilo lili ndi chidziŵitso chosakhala cha kutembenuza, monga momwe malamulo ena amaletsera kumangidwa kumene sikunatsogolere ku zikhulupiriro. Chitsanzo, chitsanzo, [[FLT:] . [FLT:] , gulu limene limazengereza kufunsa mbiri ya upandu kufikira pambuyo pake, likuimira lamulo la boma, tsopano, chifukwa cha malamulo apolisi ayenera kukhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino ndi zikalata.

Kugwirizana ndi Malamulo a Boma ndi Achinsinsi

  • Fair Credit Wincor Reporting Act (FCRA) – imalamulira kugwiritsira ntchito malipoti a kumbuyo achitatu; apolisi a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsedwa ngati achita cheke mwachindunji, koma ngati agwirizana ndi bungwe lopereka lipoti, FCRA imagwira ntchito.
  • Ufulu wa Maphunziro a Banja ndi Act (FERPA) – imachepetsa kugawana kwa zolembedwa za maphunziro a ophunzira popanda chilolezo.
  • Health Inshuwalansi Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [1] – kutetezera zolembedwa za mankhwala; kuyenera ngati kupima kwapambuyo kuphatikiza kupima mankhwala kapena mbiri ya zamankhwala.
  • Malamulo a zachinsinsi a m'dziko [[FT:1] – e., BIPA, Texas Capture kapena Usero wa Biometric Intelligist Act , Washington Biometric Infict Law.
  • Malamulo a mbiri ya upandu a m'dziko [[FLT :1] – maboma ambiri amaletsa kuvumbulidwa kwa zolembedwa zosagwirizana kapena zolembedwa zimene zasindikizidwa.

Kukopana ndi Mikangano

Anthu amene amakhulupirira njira yawo yofufuzira mbiri yawo njolakwika ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa chidziŵitso. Apolisi a boma ayenera kupereka njira yalamulo yopezera mbiri ya upandu. Pansi pa FBI’s National Crime Information Center (NCIC) kachitidwe ka apilo [[[FLT: 1]], munthu angapemphe kope la makope awo a FBI ndi ngati apeza zolakwa, kukonza nkhani ndi FBI kapena bungwe la boma limene linapereka mbiri. Pamenepo apolisi a boma ayenera kutumizanso mbiri ndi kuwongolera ngati mkanganowo uli wovomerezeka. Kuwonjezerapo, ambiri amanena kuti ali ndi bolo lodzi kapena oudman (b., [FLD:] Boma New York Divition of Crimination of Crimialism). Mayeners (FFFFFF]

Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri Ochitira Mgwirizano Walamulo

Kuti atsimikizire kuti njira zapolisi za boma zikhalabe zololeka ndi zogwira mtima, mabungwe ayenera kutengera njira zotsatirazi zabwino:

  • Kuphunzitsa kwapanthaŵi zonse -- antchito onse ophatikizidwa m'kufufuza ndi kujambula minwe ayenera kulandira maphunziro a pachaka pa kukonzanso kwalamulo, mathayo achinsinsi, ndi malamulo a zachinsinsi.
  • Trafft – imagwiritsa ntchito kudula kochitidwa mwa kampani iliyonse, kutumiza, ndi chochitika chofikira kuti adziŵe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosaloledwa ndi kukwaniritsa zofunika za uyang’aniro.
  • Kusintha [1] – kufalitsa zitsogozo zomveka, za zinenero zomveka kwa ofunsira olongosola ufulu wawo, njira yovomereza, ndi mmene angatsutsere chidziŵitso cholakwika.
  • Kuchepetsa – kusonkhanitsa kokha chidziŵitso chofunikira kaamba ka chifuno cha kupenda kwapadera ndi kupeŵa zolembedwa zowonjezereka zimene zingaswe malamulo achinsinsi.
  • Kugwirizana ndi opanga malamulo a boma – kuloŵerera ndi opanga malamulo kutsimikizira kuti ulamuliro wa malamulo uyendera limodzi ndi masinthidwe a tekinoloji ndi kuthetsa ziyembekezo zachinsinsi.
  • Uyang'aniro wa ogulitsa aganyu [1] [1] [1] [1] Pamene muyamba kugwira ntchito yopanga mikono ya munthu, kutsimikizira mapangano amaphatikizapo ziganizo za kutetezera chidziŵitso, kuŵerengera kwa mbali yachitatu, ndi kuwonjezera kusweka kwa madata.

Kumaliza

Malamulo otsogolera kuyang'anira kumbuyo ndi kuyang'anira kwa zidindo kwa apolisi samasinthasintha pochitapo kanthu pa kusintha kwa malamulo, zigamulo za khoti, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso. Kulinganiza pakati pa kutetezereka kwa anthu ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha n’kovuta, ndipo apolisi ayenera kuyendetsa bwino. Mwakumamatira ku malamulo ndi malamulo, ponena za kuvomereza ndi kuonekeratu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachitetezo zodalirika, boma apolisi angachite ntchito zowonetsera ndi zoyenera. Kwa anthu onse ndi olemba ntchito, kumvetsetsa machekedwe ameneŵa kutsimikizira kuti ziŵiya za kumbuyo ndi kupanga chigamulo. Zofunika kwambiri pa malamulo ndi njira za boma, kufunsa zapolisi kapena kupenda [FL:] [FFF]