Kuzindikira Ntchito ya Tsankho la Nyengo ndi Malo Ake m’Chilamulo

Age Discrection in Works Act (ADEA) ya mu 1967 ili lamulo la boma lokhala ndi cholinga chotetezera antchito a zaka 40 ndi achikulire ku tsankho la ntchito. Lamulolo limagwira ntchito kwa mabwana aumwini okhala ndi antchito 20 kapena kuposapo, boma, ndi maboma a boma, mabungwe a ntchito, ndi mabungwe a antchito. Cholinga chake nchakuti aletse anthu a msinkhu wawo kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito, kupha, kupha, kukweza, kulipira, ntchito, maphunziro, kapena mwayi wina uliwonse, kapena mwayi wa ntchito. ADEA amaletsanso kubwezera antchito amene amachirikiza ufulu wawo pansi pa Act. Pamene ADE akuyang'anira kwambiri za msinkhu wawo, lamulo lapangika pantchito limaphatikizapo mayeso a antchito ena amene amatetezera malo osiyanasiyana. Kuzindikira mmene mkhalidwe, kapena mwayi wa ntchito wosiyana ndi malamulo a anthu ena a ntchito ameneŵa amasiyana ndi kuyesa kuyang'anira ntchito.

Malamulo Oletsa Kugaŵanikana: Chidutswa cha M’mbuyomu

Dzina la VII la Lamulo la Ufulu Wachiŵeniŵeni la 1964

Zilembo za Chingelezi zimalimbikitsa kusankhana ntchito chifukwa cha mtundu, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana (kuphatikizapo mimba, kugonana, ndi kudziwika kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi), ndiponso dziko. Zimalemba mabwana achinsinsi ndi antchito 15 kapena kuposa, kuphatikizapo boma, ndi mabungwe a anthu a ntchito. Mosiyana ndi ADEA, imene imakhazikitsa ndandanda ya zaka (40, , Ditut VII imateteza anthu onse kuti asapatulidwe pa zipinda zondandalikidwa, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo. Zida VII zimafunanso kuti antchito atetezere kuvutidwa ndi kuyang'anira miyambo yachipembedzo pokhapokhapokha ngati kuchita zimenezo kuyambitsa mavuto. Malamulo aŵiriwa amalamulidwa ndi bungwe la Ault Blotte Oult Creaty Commistion (EOC), koma milandu, nthaŵi yofufuza, ndi miyezo yalamulo yosiyana.

Anthu a ku America Odwala (ADA) a mu 1990

ADA imaletsa tsankho kwa anthu oyenerera amene ali ndi ulema pantchito, mautumiki a boma, malo ogona anthu onse, ndi matelefoni. Imalemba ntchito, ADA imagwira ntchito kwa mabwana omwe ali ndi antchito 15 kapena ambiri ndipo imafuna kuti iwo apereke malo ogona kwa antchito oyenerera kapena ofunsira opunduka, kusiyapo ngati malowo akuvutitsa kwambiri. ADEA, kusiyanitsako, sikumakakamiza anthu kukhala ndi malo okhalamo; kumaletsa kupatsidwa chithandizo chapadera malinga ndi msinkhu wawo. ADA imatetezanso anthu ku kubwezera ndi kuchuluka, kubisa malo osagwira ntchito monga kulowa m’nyumba ndi mautumiki. Kuseŵera pakati pa ADA ndi ADE kungachongidwe pamene antchito ali ponse pa 40 ndipo ali ndi opunduka pansi pa malamulo aŵiri.

Lamulo la Pail Lolingana la 1963 (EPA)

EPA imalamula kuti amuna ndi akazi alandire malipiro ofanana kwambiri pantchito yofanana yochitidwa m'dziko limodzi. Imakhudza pafupifupi olemba ntchito onse. ADE sangakhale chochititsa pansi pa EPA, imene imasumika maganizo pa tsankho lochokera pa kugonana. Komabe, EPA imalankhulana ndi ADEA m'zochitika zimene bwana angagwiritse ntchito zaka zobwezera kusiyana kwa anthu okalamba ndi achinyamata a msinkhu umodzimodziwo. ADEA sangakhale woletsa kuchotsa ndalama za msinkhu ngati atadalira pa dongosolo la anthu aakulu, kuyenerera, kapena mbali ina ya ADE facies kuwonjezera zaka zina.

Malamulo Ena Ofunika

Malamulo a Genetic Information Nondicrinication Act ya 2008 (GINA) amaletsa tsankho la ntchito lochokera ku majini. Malamulo a boma amaletsa tsankho lochokera ku dzikolo chifukwa cha unzika kapena udindo wa anthu ena olemba ntchito. Malamulo amenewa, pamodzi ndi ADEA, Umutwe VII, ndi ADA, amapanga maziko a kuteteza ntchito kochitidwa ndi EEOC. Maboma ambiri amawonjezeranso zigawo za anthu a zaka zosapitirira 40.

Kusiyana Kokulirapo Pakati pa ADEA ndi Malamulo Ena a Ntchito

Makalasi Otetezeredwa ndi Mapindu

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kotetezeredwa ndi gulu: ADEA imatetezera anthu a zaka 40 ndi kuposapo, pamene The THVII imatetezera tsankhu lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, ndi mtundu, ndi ADA imatetezera anthu opunduka. ADEA imathandiza kuti antchito achikulire a ADEA asakhale ndi zaka zosakwanira 40 paudindo wa boma (kuphatikizapo maiko ena amasamalira kukondera kumeneku). Ndiponso, ADEA sabisa tsankho la antchito achichepere amene amakondedwa ndi achikulire omwe amatetezeredwa kwa anthu okalamba malinga ndi msinkhu wawo.

Mtolo wa Umboni ndi Miyezo ya Malamulo

M'milandu ya ADEA, Khoti Lapamwamba la United States mu Gross v. FBL Financial Service , Inc. (2009) adaona kuti wofufuza ayenera kutsimikizira kuti zaka zinali "koma" chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta, chifukwa chakuti womlemba ntchitoyo sakanachitapo kanthu koma chifukwa cha msinkhu wa wa wa wantchitoyo. Izi ndi muyezo wokhwima kwambiri kuposa "chochititsa chochititsa kukondera" chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa Ditualthration, kumene wolembedwa ndi wolembedwa ntchitoyo angapambane ngakhale ngati chigamu chimodzi cha zifukwa zingapo za wolembedwa ntchitoyo, monga momwe anachitira ntchitoyo. Zigamu VII, ngati chisonyezedwe chochititsa kutetezedwa ndi chochititsa chiwopsezo chokha, chingakhale chotsimikizira chivomezo chimodzi. Mosaimirira: [5]

Njira Zothetsera Vutoli

ADEA ndi Thit VII onse aŵiri amalola malipiro, malipiro a kutsogolo, kubwezeretsedwa, ndi maloya. Komabe, Ditut VII imalolanso kubwezera ndi kubwezera pa mlandu wa tsankho ladala, kuikidwa ndi bwana (kuyambira $500,000 mpaka $300,000). ADEA samapereka ndalama zolipidwa kapena kubwezera; mmalo mwake, imalola kuwonongeka (kuŵirikiza kaŵiri malipiro) kokha m’zochitika za kuswa dala [“i.e.e, pamene bwanayo anadziŵa kapena anasonyeza kunyalanyaza mopanda dala kaya kuswa kwake ADE. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kungayambukire modabwitsa kuchira kwa wolembedwa ntchito wochotsedwa ntchito.

Zofunika za Kugona Moyenerera

ADA amafuna kuti mabwana azikhala ndi malo abwino ogona anthu olumala, monga kukonza malo osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kukonza mapulogalamu a ntchito, kapena kupatsa zipangizo zamakono, pokhapokha ngati kuchita zimenezi kuchititsa mavuto osafunikira. ADEA sakakamiza ntchito yokha kuti antchito azikhala ndi antchito a msinkhu wawo. Wolemba ntchito sangafunikire kusintha malamulo kapena kupereka zipangizo chifukwa chakuti wantchito ndi wachikulire. Komabe, ADEA amalola kuti antchito ake achite ntchito pa zifukwa zina zomveka, ndipo amalola kuti agwiritse ntchito madongosolo apamwamba a anthu kapena antchito amene sagwiritsidwa ntchito monga opatula anthu.

Kupsinja ndi Malamulo Apadera

ADEA ali ndi malamulo enieni osalembedwa omwe sapezeka mu Thetwe VII kapena ADA. Mwachitsanzo, ADEA amalola olemba ntchito kuchita zinthu zoipa kwa wogwira ntchito wachikulire ngati ali ndi zaka zolembedwa zotchuka (BFOQ) zofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito igwire bwino. Kuteteza kochepa kumene kulipo pa Zida VII za chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena mtundu, koma osati chifukwa cha fuko kapena mtundu. Kuwonjezera apo, ADEA amalola olemba ntchito kuyang'anira njira yapamwamba kapena yogwirira ntchito, pamene dongosolo la ntchito silikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokana zolinga za m'Chilamulo. ADA ali ndi BFO - yodzitetezera yofanana ndi ntchito yofunika, koma imakhala ndi mphamvu yodzitetezera.

Malo Otsegulira ndi Manda Ofera

ADEA amagwira ntchito kwa mabwana aumwini ndi antchito pafupifupi 20, pamene Thetwe VII ndi ADA amagwira ntchito kwa awo okhala ndi antchito 15 kapena kuposa. Malamulo a Pail ndi GeNA akukhudza pafupifupi olemba ntchito onse . EPA alibe lamulo lantchito. Kulemba mlandu ndi EEOC kumafuna kuti mlanduwo uperekedwe m'masiku 180 a kusankhidwa konenedwa (masiku 300 m’maboma ndi lamulo loletsa kapena loletsa dziko ndi bungwe loletsa lamulolo). Malamulo ameneŵa amagwira ntchito kudutsa AEEA, Umutwe VII, ndi ADA, koma ziyeneretso zachindunji za lamulo lililonse zingasiyane, monga momwe zimafunikira kaamba ka kalata ya kuyenera kulowa m’khoti ya khotilo.

Kuchitira Zinthu Mophatikizana Ndiponso Kumenya Mopitirira Muyeso

Wolembedwa ntchito angatetezedwe ndi malamulo ambiri panthaŵi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, wantchito wa zaka 55 amene ali ndi vuto lakulephera kumva amene amakana kukwezedwa akhoza kukhala ndi zonena pansi pa ADEA (kusankhana), ADA (kupanda kutsimikizirika), ndipo mwinamwake Woyang'anira VII ngati kukanako kumasonkhezeredwa ndi fuko kapena kugonana. Miyezo yalamulo, mankhwala, ndi chitetezo cha kudzitetezera kwa kudziimira. Olemba ntchito ayenera kusamala kusaswa lamulo limodzi mosadziŵa pamene akuyesa kugwirizana ndi lina. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa miyezo yakuthupi yosamalira antchito achikulire kukhoza kuyambitsa chitsenderezo ngati malo ogonana sanaperekedwe kwa antchito onse opunduka.

Zoyesayesa Zogwira Ntchito za Olembedwa Ntchito ndi Olembedwa Ntchito

Kwa Olemba Ntchito

Olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi malamulo otsutsa kusagwirizana kuti atchule malamulo onse okhudzana ndi ntchito, osati ADEA . Kuphunzitsidwa kwa mabwana ndi akatswiri a HR kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika za lamulo lililonse. Mwachitsanzo:

  • machitachita okondweretsa: Peŵani chinenero cha msinkhu chokhudza ntchito (m' lekuatiso, "omaliza maphunziro a pakoleji," chimene chingasonyeze kukonda kwa antchito achichepere. Ndiponso kutsimikizira malongosoledwe a ntchito samatsegulira anthu ndi kulumala popanda kulungamitsa kwa malonda.
  • Maulamuliro a kusintha: [[FT:1] Maziko a zigamulo pa cholinga, zogwirizana ndi ntchito mmalo mwa malingaliro a maluso a antchito okalamba, maluso a zaluso la zopangapanga, kapena thanzi. Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito kwa antchito a fuko lililonse, kugonana, kapena kupunduka kulikonse.
  • Makonzedwe a kugwiritsa ntchito: Sungani njira zosiyana zofunsira za msinkhu (zimene sizifunikira pa ADEA) ndi zopempha zopunduka zogwirizana (zimene zimafunika pansi pa ADA). Musaganize kuti wogwira ntchito wachikulireyo amalephera kuchita zinthu monga msinkhu wake . Nthaŵi zonse amachita zinthu zokambirana pansi pa ADA.
  • [[NT.0] Makonzedwe a kukonza: Kutsimikizira kuti penshoni, thanzi, ndi makonzedwe ena a phindu a ATEA akugwirizana ndi ziletso za kuchepetsa ukalamba kapena kukakamiza anthu kuti apume. Okalamba Ogwira ntchito a Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) anasintha ADEA kuchotsa mwachindunji tsankho la antchito pa mapindu ngati njira yolungamitsa ifikiridwa.
  • Kuchepetsa mphamvu (RIF): Pochita ntchito, pendani mosamalitsa chiyambukiro pa antchito a zaka 40 ndi zapambuyopo. Ngati RIF iri ndi chiyambukiro chosiyana kwa antchito okalamba, bwana ayenera kusonyeza kuti miyezoyo inali yozikidwa pa chinthu choyenera kuposa msinkhu (RFOA). Kudzitetezera kumeneku kumasiyana ndi kutetezera kwa amalonda pansi pa mutu wakuti VII kaamba ka ziyambukiro zozikidwa pa fuko kapena kugonana.

Kwa Olembedwa Ntchito

Antchito amene amakhulupirira kuti achitiridwa tsankho ayenera kudziŵa lamulo kapena malamulo amene amagwira ntchito pa mkhalidwe wawo. Mfundo zazikulu zikuphatikizapo:

  • Kusankhana: Ngati muli ndi zaka 40 kapena kuposapo ndi kukhulupirira kuti munachitiridwa mosayenera chifukwa cha msinkhu wanu, mungakhale ndi chinenezo cha ADEA. Kumbukirani kulimba "koma" muyezo wa kupima [1] muyenera kusonyeza kuti msinkhu unali chinthu chachikulu, osati chimodzi chokha cha zifukwa zingapo.
  • Tsankho losatheka: Ngati muli ndi vuto lakuthupi kapena lamaganizo limene limaletsa kwambiri ntchito yaikulu ya moyo, mungakhale ndi mayeso a ADA. Muyenera kukhala wokhoza kuchita ntchito zofunika za ntchitoyo ndi malo okhala kapena popanda malo okhala.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maziko ambiri: Ngati muyang'anizana ndi tsankho limene likuwoneka kukhala lophatikizapo mbali zambiri zotetezereka, konzani mlandu wanu ndi EEOC mwamsanga monga momwe kungathekere. EEOC idzafufuza kuswa kulikonse kothekera m’chinenezo chimodzimodzicho.
  • Zitetezero za m'dziko:[[FLT :1] Maboma ambiri ali ndi malamulo amene amapereka tsatanetsatane wa ntchito , monga kutetezera antchito a misinkhu yonse kuchokera ku tsankho la msinkhu, kuphimba olemba ntchito aang'ono, kapena kupereka mphotho yopanda chiwombolo. Onetsetsani ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zoyenerera za boma lanu (FAPA).
  • Kulemba: Sungani zolembedwa zatsatanetsatane za machitidwe alionse oipa, kulankhulana, ndi umboni uliwonse umene umasonyeza cholinga cha tsankho, monga ndemanga zopotoza, ziŵerengero, kapena kuchitiridwa mosiyanasiyana kwa antchito achichepere oikidwa mofanana.

Kukakamiza ndi Magawo a Agency

Komiti ya Union Obbection Observation Commission (EOC) ndi bungwe lalikulu la boma lopatsidwa mlandu wa kukhazikitsa ADEA, Umutwe VII, ADA, EPA, GINA, ndi mbali zina za malamulo ena a tsankho la ntchito. EEOC imafufuza milandu, kuyesa kukhazikitsa milandu, ndipo ingapereke milandu ya anthu opangika. Dipatimenti ya ntchito (DOL) ilinso ndi udindo wokhazikitsa makonzedwe ena a ADEA ogwirizana ndi ntchito kuti apindule ndi ntchito pansi pa malamulo a EoC Act Act. Kumvetsa njira za EOC, kuphatikizapo njira zofufuzira, ndi zofufuzira, ndi kusankha zinthu zofufuza. Zofufuza zofufuza kwa onse aŵiriwo. EECC 'FFFFF: [FFFFF] ndi zopindulitsa pa mapulogramuzi. [MPUPUT]

Zochitika Zaposachedwapa ndi Nkhani Zomadza

Malo antchito akupitirizabe kusintha, kubweretsa mavuto atsopano pa kugawana kwa amisinkhu ndi malamulo ena a ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Chovid-19, linaona olemba ntchito ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo akutali. Wantchito wachikulire amene amakana mpata wa kugwira ntchito kwina pamene anzake aang'ono akuloledwa kuchita zimenezo angakhale ndi ATEA akunena kuti ngati chosankhacho chinali chozikidwa pa msinkhu wa munthu. Momwemo, kukwera kwa luntha la kupeka pantchito polemba ndi kupenda ntchito kumawonjezera nkhaŵa za kusiyanitsa algolitilm-mmatletry imene ingachotsere antchito achikulire kapena anthu opunduka. EEOC wapereka malangizo a kugwiritsira ntchito AUA ndi wolemba ntchito mlandu pansi pa malamulo opatula, kugogomezera kuti olemba ntchito zamakono sizingagwirizanitse ntchito monga chitetezero. Kuwongokula kwa zaka za kutetezeredwa ndi malamulo oyenera kuyesa ntchito kwa anthu okalamba.

Mapeto ake: Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti Yoteteza

Chiweruzo cha Age Ages in Work Act nchitetezero chofunika kwa antchito okalamba, koma ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya malamulo apadera a tsankho la ntchito. ADEA imasiyana ndi mutu VII, ADA, EPA, ndi malamulo ena m'gulu lake lotetezeredwa, mtolo wa kutsimikizira, mankhwala, zofunikira, ndi kutsekereza. Olemba ntchito sayenera kugwirizana ndi lamulo lililonse koma ayeneranso kutsimikizira kuti malamulo awo ndi zochita sizingayambitse mikangano kapena kuswa malamulo ambiri. Ogwira ntchito, nawonso ayenera kuzindikira kuti mkhalidwe wawo ungayambitse chitetezo pansi pa umodzi kapena malamulo ambiri, ndipo ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kutetezera ufulu wawo. Mwakumvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ADE ndi malamulo ena: [5] ndi kufunafuna chitsogozo cha EC, monga odziŵa ntchito, ndi odziŵa ntchito, AL, owonjezera, ndipo angaperekenso.