Chitetezo cholingana chimatsimikizira kuti palibe munthu kapena gulu limene limamanidwa chitetezo chimodzimodzi cha malamulo amene anthu ena kapena magulu akusangalala nawo. Mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito monga maziko alamulo loletsa kusagwirizana ndi boma ndipo imapereka maziko oonera ngati magawo a boma ali oyenera kapena olakwika. Kwenikweni, chitetezo chofanana si chinthu chongopeka koma chida choopsa chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makhoti, opanga malamulo, ndi ochirikiza kuyesa chilungamo cha malamulo, malamulo, ndi zochita za boma.

Kuzindikira mmene lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino limeneli limagwirira ntchito m’kugwiritsira ntchito kumafuna kupenda maziko ake a lamulo, miyezo yotsatizana ya makhoti yopenda imagwira ntchito, chisinthiko chake kupyolera m’milandu yosintha zinthu, ndi zitokoso zimene zikubuka zimene zimayesa malire ake m’chitaganya chocholoŵana ndi chaumisiri ndi chamitundumitundu.

Chiyeso cha Kutetezera Kofanana

Zimene Mumalongosola ndi Zolinga Zanu

Pamlingo wake waukulu, chitetezero chofanana chimafunikira kuti anthu okhala pamalo ofananawo achitidwe mofanana. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti maboma ayenera kuika anthu m'magulu a mitundu yonse ya zifukwa zomveka (m' lekuatiso, msinkhu wa laisensi yoyendetsa, malipiro a mabulosi a msonkho), funso lalikulu lalamulo nlosachitika [ kusiyanitsa kumene kulipo, koma kuyenera kuti kusankhidwa kwa malamulo kumalungamitsidwa, kupendedwa, kapena kusiyanitsa kopanda lamulo kumene kumavulaza magulu otsutsa kapena kutsutsa zoyenera zazikulu za m'mayambiriro.

Chitetezero cholingana chimatumikira zolinga zazikulu zitatu: kuletsa tsankho mwadala, kuchepetsa ziyambukiro zovulaza za malamulo amene amatetezera magulu, ndi kulimbikitsa chitaganya kumene anthu amaweruzidwa pa maluso awo mmalo mwa mikhalidwe yawo yosasintha. Kukwaniritsa zolinga zimenezi kumafuna kupenda kwamphamvu kumene kumalinganiza zoyenera za munthu ndi zikondwerero za boma.

Chiyambi cha Mbiri ndi Malamulo

Chigwirizano chomvekera bwino koposa cha chitetezo chofanana mu lamulo la United States ndicho Kutetezera Amodzimodzi kwa Fintenement , yovomerezedwa mu 1868. Imalamula kuti palibe boma limene liyenera "kugonjera kwa munthu aliyense wokhala ndi ulamuliro wake kuchinjiriza kofanana kwa malamulo. Poyamba kutetezera akapolo omasulidwa chatsopano ku malamulo a boma (Malamulo a Chilango), chikalatacho chakhala chothandizira kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu onse kuzungulira chigawo chilichonse cha moyo wa anthu, kuyambira pa maphunziro ndi ntchito kusankhitsa ndi malo ogona.

Chiganizochi chimagwira ntchito pa kachitidwe ka chigamulo [ndipo, mwa kuloŵetsamo, kachitidwe ka boma kupyolera mwa Fit 5 Conflinement’s Claus]. Ichi chimatanthauza khalidwe laumwini, kusiyapo ngati chilolezo kapena kulimbikitsidwa ndi boma, kaŵirikaŵiri limalephera, ngakhale kuti Nyumba za Malamulo zagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yake pansi pa Chigawo 5 cha Jeziredi Opatsira mawu kukhazikitsa malamulo onga Chigamu cha Chinu cha 1964 chimene chimalamulira tsankho lachidziweruzi m’madera monga malo ogona anthu onse ndi ntchito.

Kupangidwa kwa Kufufuza Kochitidwa ndi Malamulo

Ntchito yothandiza ya chitetezo chofanana imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lolongosoka la kupenda lamulo. Kupenda kochitidwa pa lamulo kumasankha kuti boma likhale ndi thayo lalikulu motani. Malamulo ameneŵa anapangidwa kukhala oyenerera malamulo ambiri pamene akuyang’anira mwamphamvu awo ozikidwa pa mikhalidwe yokayikiridwa kapena ufulu wofunika kwambiri.

Kupendanso Maziko a Kudziikira Pangano

Kupenda kochitidwa ndi kubwereramo ndiko muyezo wolephera ndi wololera kwambiri. Pansi pa kuyesa kumeneku, lamulo limalingaliridwa kukhala lalamulo ndipo lidzasungidwa ngati liri logwirizana ndi chiwonjezeko chalamulo chalamulo. Mtolowo ukugwera pafupifupi pa wotsutsa kusonyeza kuti lamulo nlopanda lamulo kapena nlopanda nzeru kwenikweni. Muyezo umenewu umagwira ntchito ku malamulo ambiri a zachuma, malamulo osintha zinthu, ndi malamulo otsatizana ndi malamulo ogwirizana ndi ukalamba, chuma, kapena kupunduka.

M’kuyesayesa, kupenda koyenera kuli koyenerera kwambiri. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amadzutsa zifukwa zoyerekezera zimene bungwe la malamulo linapatsira lamulo, ngakhale ngati zifukwa zimenezo sizinali zosonkhezera kwenikweni. Komabe, m’zochitika zina zodziŵika, Bwalo Lapamwamba lagwiritsira ntchito "maziko oyenerera ndi kuluma" kuswa malamulo osonkhezeredwa ndi magulu osatchuka, monga ngati mu Kamzik wa Cleburne . Cleburne Living Center [1] (kupunduka kwa mtima) ndi trumr v. Evans (kakhalidwe ka kugonana ndi).

Kupenda Kogwirizanitsa

Kufufuza kwa m'masamu kumagwira ntchito pa magawo ozikidwa pa genuder [FLT :1] ndi chikwi [ (mitu ya kubadwa kwa munthu). Boma liyenera kusonyeza kuti kusankha ndiko kogwirizana ndi chikondwerero chofunika kwambiri cha boma. Muyezo umenewu ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa maziko oyenerera koma wosafuna kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri.

Virginia Virginia (1996), kupenda kwapakati kumatsutsa kwambiri kugawidwa kwa ntchito kapena maluso a amuna ndi akazi. Boren . Borten [1] [FLT :1] ndi [FLT] United States v. Virginia (1996] , kupenda kwapakati kumatsutsa kuchuluka kwa maluso kapena maluso a amuna ndi akazi. Boma silingadalire pa mfundo zapamwamba; liyenera kupereka "kulungamitsidwa kokopa kokopa kwa amuna ndi akazi. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la asilikali linafunikira kuvomereza akazi chifukwa chakuti boma linalephera kusonyeza kuti kuchotsa akazi kutumikira cholinga chofunika kwambiri.

Kupenda Kolimba

Kusanthula kwenikweni kuli muyezo wapamwamba ndi wokulirapo wa kupenda. Kumagwira ntchito ku magawo ozikidwa pa race [FLT :1], kufalikira kwa mitundu yonse , ndi magawo amene amaika katundu zoyenera za maganizo [[FLT:] (monga kuvota, ukwati, ndi ulendo wapakati). Boma limanyamula mtolo wolemera wa kutsimikizira kuti lamulo ndilo [FLT:] mowololekani kukwaniritsa chiwongola cha boma chosonkhezera.

Mwakusanthula kosamalitsa, lamulo liyenera kukhala loyenerera kufikira chonulirapo cha boma, ndipo sipayenera kukhala njira ina yopatula ufulu yopezeka. Muyezo umenewu kaŵirikaŵiri umafotokozedwa kukhala "kupeka, koma wakupha, ngakhale kuti ichi sichowona nthaŵi zonse. Maprogramu ena a mtundu a kuvomereza ndi njira zina za chisungiko za mtundu zakhala zopitirizidwa motsimikizirika. Komabe, kuyesako kumayambitsa lingaliro lamphamvu lotsutsana ndi boma, kukakamiza akuluakulu kulungamitsa chifukwa chake fuko kapena mtundu uyenera kukhala maziko a lamulo lapadera.

Kuwononga Chitetezo Chofanana ndi Chokhala Pansi pa Malo Osungirako Achilengedwe

Kusiyana ndi Kufanana: Kusintha kwa Maphunziro

Khoti Lalikulu linasintha "kufanana" chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa mu Plass v. [FLT] Brown v. Board of Education [1] (1954). Khoti Lapamwamba linasintha chiphunzitso cha "kulinganiza koma chofanana" chokhazikitsidwa mu Plasssy v. Ferguson [1896]), kunyamula de jure religion pasukulu za onse zolandirira ana ochepa a mwaŵi wa maphunziro. Khotilo linazindikira kuti kudalirana kwa mafuko kuyambitsa kutsika kumene sikungachotsedwe ndi malo ogwirizana.

Brown anasonyeza kuti chitetezo chofanana chili chokhudza zonse ziŵiri kukonzekera ndi zikhumbo [1] za ntchito ya boma. Chigamulocho chinatsegula njira ya kuchotsa malamulo a Jim ndi kupereka maziko alamulo a ufulu wa anthu. Nkhani zolamulidwa ndi "liŵiro lonse la dala" ndi kuloza kusiyana pakati pa de relivre (malamulo) ndi mfundo za deo revolution (mayendedwe).

Kusintha Mafano ndi Chilamulo: Kutsutsa Mafano

Kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi pambuyo pa Kusintha kwa Kusintha kwa Zam'mbuyo kwa 14 ndi 14, Khoti Lapamwamba linachirikiza malamulo amene anasintha amuna ndi akazi motsatira ntchito zamwambo. Brawellwell v. Illinois (1873], Bwalo lamilandu linalola Illinois kuletsa akazi kutsatira malamulo. Kufikira mu 1970 pamene Khoti linayamba kusanthula mowonjezereka zaukazi.

Mu Craig v. Reed (1971], Bwalo lamilandu linagwetsa lamulo la Idaho limene linakonda amuna pa akazi monga oyang’anira malo. Craig v. Boren[FLT] [6] anakhazikitsa dongosolo lofufuza lapakati, kuswa lamulo limene linalola akazi kugula moŵa pa 18 koma linafuna amuna kuyembekezera kufikira 21. Nkhani zimenezi zikusonyeza kusintha kuchoka pa kuona akazi kukhala odalira pa iwo kukhala ofunikira ndi otengamo mbali okwanira m'nkhani za boma ndi moyo.

Kutsutsana Kotsimikiza

Mwinamwake malo otsutsirapo kwambiri otetezera mofanana ndi kuvomereza. Funso lalikulu ndilo lakuti kaya maprogramu aumoyo wa fuko olinganizidwa kuthetsa tsankho lapapitapo kapena kuchirikiza mitundu yosiyana amatsutsa Chitetezo cha Experity Claus. Mu Regens of the University of California v. Bakke[FL:] [1978]), Khoti linakhulupirira kuti pamene maprogramu a fuko anali osatsimikizirika, fuko lingagwiritsiridwe monga mbali imodzi pakati pa zosankha zambiri m'kuvomera kuti apeze bungwe la ophunzira osiyanasiyana.

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, Khoti linawongolera lamulo limeneli m'nkhani zonga Gridger v. Bollinger (2003) ndi Fisher v. University of Texas , kugwiritsa ntchito kupenda mosamalitsa malamulo a fuko. [Mu ] [2003]] [FLT] [machenjera a Fair Adgicts v.] Harvard [FLT:] [2012] [2012] [2012]] [malangizo] [malangizogwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu aunyinji, Bwalo linasintha modabwitsa, likumasunga kachitidwe ka maphunziro ka fuko kopambana kotetezera Claus. Khotilo lina linalengeza kuti maprogramungwe ogwirizana ndi kuvomereza ndi kuvomereza koyenera kuvomereza, monga gulu la anthu aunyiko.

Chigamulo chimenechi chimasonyeza kutsimikizirika kwakukulu kwa chiphunzitso chotetezera chofanana, kusonyeza kuti Khoti lidzaletsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsira ntchito kulikonse kwa fuko kwa oseŵera a boma, ngakhale zifuno zowonekera kukhala zabwino kapena zowongolera. Mabungwe tsopano ayenera kupeza njira zautundu zopezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chitetezo Cholingana m’Boma Lamakono la Uyang’aniro

Kusintha Ufulu ndi Kumenyana kwa Fuko

Chitetezero chofanana chakhala maziko a nkhondo ya ufulu wosankha. Khoti lazindikira kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti kuyenera kwa kuvota kuli kofunika, kutanthauza ziletso za kuvota n’zofunika kuziyang'anitsitsa kwambiri. Kuvota Ufulu wa ufulu wa mu 1965 (VRA]) inaikidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya Congress yoletsa tsankho la fuko posankha, kuphatikizapo mayeso ofufuza ndi kulipira misonkhoti yofufuza.

Mu Shelby County v. Hoker (2013), Bwalo Lamilandu linathetsa njira ya VRA yoperekera, imene inafuna maulamuliro ndi mbiri ya tsankho kuti asonyeze masinthidwe alionse a kusanthula malamulo ndi boma. Khoti linagamula kuti njirayi inaleka ndipo inaswa lamulo la maboma. Chigamulo chimenechi chachititsa ziletso za boma, zimene zambiri tsopano zikukayikiridwa pansi pa chitetezo cha Claus Claus wolinganiza kaamba ka kutsendereza anthu ochepa.

Mafuko amanenanso kuti ali pansi pa Kutetezera Claus . M’zochitika zonga Shaw v. Reno (1993) ndi Cooper v. Harris , khoti linakhulupirira kuti madera anali ndi liŵiro ngati "fantinant" amaswa chitetezo chofanana pokhapokha ngati aikidwa pang’ono kugwirizana ndi VRA. Nkhani zimenezi zimafuna kufunsa kovuta kwa aweruzifulo ndi kulembedwa kwa zigawo zambiri.

Chilungamo Chaupandu ndi Kuweruza

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chitetezo chofanana ku chiweruzo cha apandu kwakhala kotsutsana. Chopinga chachikulu koposa cha zitsenderezo zofanana m'dera lino ndicho chiyeneretso chotsimikizira kugamula kuti lamulo kapena lamulo lokhala ndi chitsutso chosiyana fuko siliri lopanda lamulo pokhapo ngati wotsutsayo asonyeza kuti lisonkhezeredwa ndi chifuno cha kupulupudza.

Chifuniro chimenechi chimapangitsa kutsutsa malamulo onga zigamulo zocheperapo zofunikira kaamba ka crack cocaine (zimene m'mbiri zinayambukira kwambiri midzi ya Aafirika kuposa kulakwa kwa ufa kwa cocaine) kapena kulekeka kwa kujambula malemba. Pamene kuli kwakuti Khoti lavomereza kukhalapo kwa kusiyana kwa mafuko m'dongosolo, kwakhala kokhazikika kuti Kutetezera Kofananako sikutsimikizira zotulukapo zofanana, njira zolingana. Zimenezi zatsogolera ku kusintha kokulira kwa malamulo, konga [[FLT: 0] Act Act [[FLT:] (20.8), imene inachepetsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa crack ndi cocaine, koma zitokoso kuletsa chikhotereko cha lamulo la lamulo la lamulo la lamulo lakusintha nkhondo.

LGBTQ+ Ufulu ndi Ulemu

Chisinthiko cha chitetezo chofanana kwa LGBTQ+ anthu amachitira chitsanzo mmene kumvetsetsa kwa mayanjano ndi chiphunzitso chalamulo kumagwirizanirana. Mu Romaster v. Evans (1996], Khoti linagonjetsa Colorado colorado communment yomwe inaletsa nthambi iliyonse ya boma kutetezera anthu ozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana, kulamulira kuti inasonkhezeredwa ndi animus ndi kusoŵa maziko oyenera. LAWREnce v. Texas (2003]), Bwalo linamenya malamulo a boma onse ozikidwa pa lamulo la Calmody pansi pa Servery Proces Claus.

Nkhani yotchuka ya Obergefell v. Hodges [FLT :1] (2015) adazindikira kuyenera kwapadera kwa ukwati wa kugonana, kugwirizanitsa njira zoyenerera ndi malamulo otetezera ofanana. Khoti linaona kuti okwatirana a ku extensia anali ndi ufulu umodzimodziwo ndi kudziŵika mwalamulo monga okwatirana osiyana. Posachedwapa, mu Bostock. County . Clayton .[FLT] [20], Bwalo la LGBTQ+ anthu pansi pa Zikole za Chitetezo cha Chisungiko cha Chibadwidwe cha Chibadwidwe, akusunga tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana kapena mkhalidwe wosinthana. Chikhalidwe chamakono: [FFF:]

Kuzungulira Malo Ndiponso Mavuto Omwe Akupitirizabe

Kusankhana Malamulo Ndiponso Kugwirizana kwa Magetsi

Chimodzi cha mavuto ovuta kwambiri amakono a chitetezo chofanana ndicho kukwera kwa maajensi opanga zigamulo. Mabungwe a boma amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri maajensi ndi madongosolo ongoyendera dala ntchito zochokera ku ntchito zapolisi ndi pa belo kuti apindule ndi kuŵerengeredwa kwa mwana, kuyang'anira za moyo wa ana, ndi kulembedwa ntchito. Madongosolo ameneŵa angawonjezere kapena kukulitsa kusiyana kwa mafuko komwe kulipo ndi zachuma, ngakhale popanda tsankho ladala.

Chifukwa chakuti ma algoritime ambiri ndi mapulopatiti (opangidwa ndi makampani achinsinsi), nkovuta kwa anthu kudziŵa mmene zosankha zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kapena kutsimikizira kuti ndizo ufulu. chiphunzitso cha boma cha kachitidwe ka [ amadzutsanso mafunso: ngati woyambitsa wachinsinsi albugracy imene bungwe la boma limasankha kugwiritsira ntchito, kodi kusankhidwa kotulukapo ku boma? Makhoti akungoyamba kutsutsana ndi nkhani zimenezi. Malamulo ena akhazikitsa malamulo ofuna kupenda malamulo a kugamula kwa kugamula kwa kukondera, pamene kuli kwakuti ena aletsa kugwiritsira ntchito maluwa oneneratu za milandu m'chiweruzo m'chiweruzo zina za milandu yaupandu.

Kusiyana kwa Zinthu ndi Kugometsa kwa Mawu

Chiphunzitso chamwambo chotetezera chofanana chimasanthula masankho ozikidwa pa gulu limodzi (race, frace, kapena chipembedzo). Komabe, tsankho kaŵirikaŵiri limagwira ntchito pa kudutsana kwa maumboni ambiri. Mkazi wakuda angayang'anizane ndi tsankhu limene silili lofanana ndendende ndi limene amuna Akuda kapena akazi achiyera amayang'anizana nalo. Lingaliro limeneli, lodziŵika monga [[FLT: 0] kugawana [kamodzi,], kuvuta makhoti kuzindikira kuti mawu osayenerera bwino m'magulu okhazikitsidwa.

Makhoti ena aang'ono alimbana ndi mfundo zonena za m'mapazi, pamene kuli kwakuti ena alola atsamunda kubweretsa mawu ogwirizana ndi makhalidwe otetezereka (m' lekuatiso, kuphatikiza pa mafuko-ault). Chigwirizano cha Actal Protection Claus nchokhoza kukwaniritsa mfundo zimenezi, koma chimafunikira oweruza kuyang'ana kuundana kwa mikhalidwe ndi njira zapadera zimene zimapanga tsankho. Pamene chitaganya chikukhala chosiyana ndi kuzindikira kusiyana kwa anthu, chiphunzitsocho chifunikira kupekedwa kuti chipereke chitetezo kwa anthu ocholoŵana ndi dzina la COM.

Kutetezedwa Kofanana ndi Malo Oletsedwa a ku United States

Lamulo lachitetezero chofanana siliri la United States lokha. Mabungwe a demokrase ambiri amaphatikizapo zitsimikizo zofananazo, ndipo lamulo la ufulu wa anthu lamitundu yonse limapereka kuyenera kwa kusakhala ndi tsankho. International Pangano la International pa Chivomezi ndi Political Rights (ICCPR) , limene lavomerezedwa ndi maiko oposa 170, limaphatikizapo Article 26, imene imapereka kuti anthu onse ali olingana pamaso pa lamulo ndipo ali ndi ufulu wolingana wotetezera ku tsankho pa maziko alionse.

M'madongosolo a boma onga a Canada, India, Germany, ndi South Africa, makhoti adapanga mapangano otsogola kaamba ka kupenda kufanana kwa mawu akuti kaŵirikaŵiri amapita kupyola lamulo la U. Mwachitsanzo, Malamulo a South Africa amaphatikizapo zonse ziŵiri chitsimikizo cha kufanana ndi makonzedwe olola kutsimikizira kupititsa patsogolo magulu a anthu a m'makedzana. Malamulo a Canada Carter of Rights and Freedoms amaphatikizapo kupenda kwamphamvu kwa kulingana kwa malamulo a magulu opititsidwa. Kupenda njira zimenezi kumapereka chidziŵitso chamtengo wapatali cha mmene chitetezo chingagwiritsiridwire ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Zovuta Zothandiza Mabungwe ndi Anthu

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito ya Kayendetsedwe ka Ntchito ndi Kupititsidwa Patsogolo

Kwa mabungwe a boma, mayunivesite a boma, ndi mabungwe aumwini ogwirizana ndi malamulo otsutsa kusagwirizana, kugwira ntchito molingana kumafuna zambiri osati kungofuna kubwezera. Kukhazikitsa lamulo lokhwima lomwe limaika malamulo a fuko, mwamuna, kapena dziko, mabungwe ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi maziko olimba oonekera bwino ndi kuti malamulowo ngolinganizidwiratu kuti akwaniritse cholinga chovomerezeka kapena chokakamiza.

Machitidwe abwino kwambiri amaphatikizapo kuchititsa kupenda [[FLT: 0] kugaŵikana kwa malamulo olingaliridwa, kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso pa zotsatirapo za gulu la anthu, ndi kulingalira njira zina za fuko ndi ukali asanatenge njira za mtundu. Kuphunzitsa akuluakulu audindo za kukondera kotsimikizirika ndi kugonjera kwa lamulo kulinso kofunika. Mabungwe amene amalephera kuchita ndi kuyang'anira kwakhama koyenera, kuwonongeka kwa mbiri yabwino, ndi kulephera kwa malamulo awo.

Kulankhula Moona Mtima Ndiponso Kubwezera Mwalamulo

Kwa anthu ndi magulu a anthu odziwa kuteteza ena, kumvetsetsa nyumba zotetezedwa mofanana n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu apeze chitetezo chofanana ndi cha boma.

Kuchotsa kwa malamulo a U.S. ndilo njira yoyamba yoperekera malamulo alamulo, kuphatikizapo kuswa malamulo, ndi boma ndi akuluakulu a kumaloko. Plainffs angafune chithandizo (kuletsa ntchito ya kugamula) ndi kuwononga. Kudandaula ndi mabungwe a boma, monga ngati kutsendereza ufulu wa Chiŵeruzo kapena [[FLT:] Commission Commission [FLT] Comment , kulinso njira yoperekera lamulo. Mabungwe a Advockiact amadzetsa mapangano a kutsutsa kukondera kwa kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kamodzi, ndi maphunziro, monga.

Chenicheni chopindulitsa nchakuti chitetezo chofanana chiri chiŵiya champhamvu koma chochepa. Chimadalira pa anthu ndi magulu kuwona kuswa, kusonkhanitsa umboni, ndi kulimbikira ku njira zalamulo zazitali. Chiphunzitsocho nchogwira mtima kwambiri pamene chiphatikizidwa ndi malamulo amphamvu a ufulu wa anthu, kutomerana ndi kugamula, ndi ajuli odzipereka ku kutsimikizira lonjezo la Konsichushoni la chilungamo cholingana pansi pa lamulo.