M'nyengo yamakono ya makompyuta, kukhoza kupenda nkhani molakwika ndi chidziŵitso nkofunika kwambiri kuposa ndi kalelonse. Kukula kwa magwero ndi kufulumira kumene chidziŵitso chimafalikira m'mapulogalamu a zaunyinji a anthu, nyuzi, mawebusaiti odziimira, ndi mawebusaiti odziimira, ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi mofananamo amayang'anizana ndi vuto lalikulu la kuzindikira chidziŵitso chodalirika kuchokera ku mawu olakwika, kuchotsa chidziŵitso, ndi mabodza ofalitsa nkhani. Kukulitsa maluso ofufuza kwambiri sikulinso kofunika kuti munthu apangike, kudziŵa kukhala nzika, ndi kupanga chosankha chaumwini. Chitso chapamwambachi chimapereka njira zopangira maluso, maluso a maphunziro, mapulogalamu a maphunziro, ndi ziŵiro zopimira kuyendetsa malo amakono oulutsira nkhani zamakono ndi chidaliro.

Kudziwa Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga

Kudziwa zinthu ndiko kutha kudziwa, kudziwa, kupenda, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Luso limeneli ndi limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza nkhani zambiri komanso popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa Intaneti. Kuphatikiza pa kupeza kumene kuli chidziŵitso, kudziwa zinthu, kumafuna kufunsa mafunso ovuta kuti nkhani zonse zimene tapeza, cholinga, ndiponso kudalirika. Bungwe la Association of College & Research Library (ACRL) likufotokoza kuti kudziŵa zinthu ndi luso losiyanasiyana monga kutulukira chidziŵitso, kumvetsa bwino zinthu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu popanga chidziŵitso chatsopano. Kuyambitsa kupikisana kumeneku kumaphatikizapo mfungulo zingapo zimene zimagwira ntchito pamodzi kuti mupange njira yochitira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kuzindikira Kufunika kwa Chidziŵitso

Sitepe loyamba la kudziŵa zinthu ndi kuzindikira kuti pali kusiyana kwa chidziŵitso chanu ndi kuti mufunikira chidziŵitso chodalirika kuti muchikwaniritse. Nthaŵi zambiri kudziŵika kumeneku kumakhalapo pamene mukumana ndi mutu wankhani wa nkhani wa nyuzi umene umaoneka kukhala wodabwitsa kwambiri, chiŵerengero chimene chimatsutsana ndi zimene munkaganiza kuti mukudziŵa, kapena masitepe a za mayanjano amene akupereka mfundo zachilendo. M’malo movomereza chidziŵitsocho, imani ndi kufunsani kuti: "Kodi ndidziŵa chiyani ponena za mutu umenewu? Kodi ndi mfundo zotani zimene ndifunikira kutsimikizira?

Kuzindikira Maziko Odalirika

Si onse amene anapangidwa olingana. Kulimba kwa BBC kumadalira pa mfundo zonga ngati miyezo ya mkonzi wa bukulo, ukatswiri wa wolemba ndi zolembedwa za m'buku, kukhalapo kwa zolembedwa ndi zilozero, ndi mbiri yabwino ya magwero ake onse. Mabungwe a nkhani monga Reuters, Associated Press, ndi BBC amasunga mfundo zotsimikizirika. Mabuku ndi mabungwe a boma amaonedwa kukhala apamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale zomveka zomveka bwino zikhoza kupanga zolakwa kapena kusonyeza chidani, choncho kudutsa kwa Harply imakhalabe yofunika. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo “kuŵerenga: kutsegula dagi yatsopano ndi kufufuza zinthuzo asanadalitse zokhalamo. [FLD:] Projective projective [FP] Projective] Provice [FPlation]

Kuchepetsa Kudalirika kwa Chidziŵitso

Kusintha kumagwira ntchito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chidziŵitso Molongosoka

Kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso kumatanthauza kupatsa ulemu woyenerera ku magwero oyambirira, kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu olakwika, ndi kusasokoneza mfundo kuti zigwirizane ndi nkhani. Pogaŵana nkhani kapena kufufuza, phatikizani mawu kapena kugwirizana kotero kuti ena apeze chidziŵitsocho kuyambira pamene chinachokera. Kachitidwe kameneka sikamangokulitsa chidaliro komanso kamachititsa kuti pakhale zinthu zabwino zimene anthu amanena kuti azitsutsana ndi kutsimikizira.

Njira Zophunzitsira Kufalitsa Nkhani

Kudziwa kuti anthuwa ndi okhulupirikadi kungakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kusiyanitsa njira zisanu zofufuzira nkhani zodalirika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yodalirika.

Pezani Magwero Ake

Phunzirani zofalitsa kapena webusaiti imene inafalitsa nkhaniyi. Kodi n’zodalirika ndiponso n’zodalirika m'mbiri? Gwiritsirani ntchito Wikipedia kapena zipangizo zonga Media Bias / Fact Cheke kuti muphunzire za magwero a zonena za munthu ndi zolinga zandale. Samalani ndi mfundo zimene zimadalira kwambiri pa mfundo zimene sizikuimira, kapena malo amene amatsanzira kujambula mapepala a nyuzi (m. g., pogwiritsa ntchito maina ndi maina amodzimodziwo.

Kufunafuna Umboni wa Mlembi

Kodi ndani analemba nkhaniyi? Mwachitsanzo, mtolankhani wokhulupirika amene amafufuza sayansi, ali ndi maphunziro kapena luso la sayansi. Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito foni ndi ndandanda yogwirizana ndi mbiri ya munthu waluso, ntchito yapapitapo, kapena nkhani za anthu. Samalani ndi anthu amene amalemba mabuku ovuta kuwadziwa kapena amene satha kutsimikizira kuti ndi munthu wina amene amalemba zinthu zolakwika. Ngati wolembayo akuganiza kuti ndi munthu wasayansi, zindikirani zimene gulu lingachite. Olemba mabuku ojambulawo amavomereza kupenda zinthu; osadziwika kapena zidutswa zachinyengo (kuphatikizapo kuteteza foni) ayenera kukayikiranso.

Onani Umboni

Mabuku apamwamba amakhudza kwambiri zinthu monga zinthu zimene anthu apeza. (magazi) monga mapepala ofufuzira zinthu zimene zachokera kwa anthu oyambirira (asayansi, malipoti a boma, zikalata za khoti, kapena mawu olembedwa mwachindunji popereka. Mukafuna kuti mupeze mabuku osiyanasiyana kapena ngati mumadalira buku limodzi lokha, lolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani yonena kuti pali njira yatsopano ya zachipatala iyenera kutchula magazini ya ausinkhu wanu ndipo imaphatikizapodi ndemanga za akatswiri a zapansipansi pawo. Ngati nkhaniyo ipanga kufalitsa zinthu popanda umboni uliwonse, ikayikiretu kuti ingakhale yoona.

Dziŵani Bias

Chigawo chilichonse cha zolemba chili ndi mlingo wakutiwakuti wa kukondera, koma mfungulo ndiyo kuzindikira pamene kukondera kusokoneza chidziŵitso. Samalani mawu ofufuzidwa: mawu othodwetsa (m), "radical,”“ ,” imavumbula malo a wolembayo. Onaninso zimene zasiyidwa . Zingakhale mfundo zimene zingatsutse nkhaniyo? Yerekezerani ndi nkhani zomwe zinkachitika pa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana andale. All Sides pawebsite [ Zikuonetsa kuyerekezera kwa mbali zina za nkhani za kumanzere, zakumanzere, ndi za kumanja, kuthandiza kuona mmene kujambula kwa kusiyanasiyana.

Kugwirizana

Musadalire munthu mmodzi. Kutsimikizira mfundo zotsutsa zimene zilipo ziwiri kapena zitatu zodalirika, zomveka. Ngati nkhaniyo ndi yovomerezeka, mudzapeza kuti ikuulutsidwa m'malo ambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi tsatanetsatane wogwirizana. Ngati malo amodzi okha ovuta kuidziwa kapena ma pulogalamu a pulogalamu yachinsinsi akubisa, musaikhulupirire. Kutseguka m’njira yogwira mtima kumaphatikizanso kupenda zolembapo zokhala ndi makompyuta monga Snopes, FactChec.org, kapena Politifact . Malo amenewa amafotokoza ndi kupereka umboni wotsimikizira mwamsanga kapena kuchotsa nkhani.

Njira Zosavuta Kuganiza

Kuti munthu akhale ndi maganizo olakwika, ayenera kuganizira zinthu monga mfundo zimene akudziwa, mfundo zimene akuganiza, ndiponso mfundo zimene apeza.

Funsani Mafunso Ovuta

Njira ya Socrates yofunsa mafunso imaposa pa kuvomerezedwa kwapamwamba.

  • Kodi cholinga cha mfundo zimenezi n’chiyani?
  • Kodi ndi malingaliro otani amene wolembayo akupanga?
  • Kodi ndi umboni wotani umene ulipo, ndipo unasonkhanitsidwa motani?
  • Kodi pali mafotokozedwe ena kapena zotsutsa?
  • Kodi zimene wolembayo analemba kapena ndalama zake zingakhudze bwanji nkhani zake?

Kulemba mafunso ameneŵa ndi kuyankha mwadongosolo kungavumbule malo ofooka m'makani alionse. Nthano za Critical Knowledge zimapereka zitsogozo zabwino koposa za mafunso a Socratic m'makonzedwe a maphunziro.

Kupenda Kambitsirano Kaamba ka Kulakwa Komveka

Kulakwa koyenera ndiko kuphophonya m’kulingalira kumene kumafooketsa kutsimikizirika kwa chigomeko.

  • Ad hominem: [[FL:1] kuukira munthu mmalo mwa mkangano.
  • vuto lonama: Kupereka zosankha ziŵiri zokha pamene zambiri ziripo.
  • Munthu waudani: Kulakwa kuimira malo a wopikisana naye kuti achedwe kuukira.
  • Kuyang'anira: Kutchula katswiri wa mbali zina.
  • Kusankha: Kusankha kokha umboni umene umachirikiza mfundo ndi kunyalanyaza zotsutsana.

Kuphunzitsa ophunzira kudziŵa mabodza ameneŵa kumawathandiza kuona zinthu mwa kulankhula mawu osonkhezera.

Lingalirani za Malingaliro Amitundumitundu

Nkhani imodzi imangosonyeza maganizo amodzi okha. Mwachiphamaso, fufuzani malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ndale zadziko, chikhalidwe, kapena kuukatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, popenda mkangano wa lamulo, ŵerengani malipoti a Brookings Institution (pakati pa chigawo chakumanzere) ndi Heritage Foundation (conservative). Zimenezi sizitanthauza kuti malingaliro onse ngogwirizana, koma kumvetsetsa malingaliro kumakuthandizani kupanga chiweruzo chomveka bwino.

Ganizirani Malingaliro Anuanu

Kutsimikizira kukondera [1] chikhoterero cha kuvomereza zimene zilipo ndi chimodzi cha zopinga zazikulu za kulingalira mosuliza. Musanasankhe nkhani inayake, dzifunseni kuti: “Ngati nkhaniyi ikugwirizana ndi maganizo anga, kodi ndingaipende mosiyana? . Yesani kuŵerenga nkhani zimene zimatsutsa malingaliro anu ndi kuona ubwino wa mawu otsutsa. Kusunga “magazini a a nyuzi” kumene mukuona mmene mumamvera nkhani kungawonjezere kudzidalira kwanu kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kukambitsirana ndi Ophunzira

Kulankhulana kwa ana pasukulupo kungachititse kuti anthu ayambe kukambirana nkhani momasuka, kufotokoza bwino nkhani, ndiponso kutsutsa zimene ophunzirawo akuganiza.

Kutsutsana pa Zochitika Zamakono

Lungitsani makambitsirano olinganizidwa pa nkhani zotsutsana kapena zogaŵanika. Gawirirani ophunzira kufufuza ndi kutsutsana ndi malo amene angasiyane ndi malingaliro awo. Kachitidwe kameneka kamakulitsa chifundo, kutsutsa, ndi kukhoza kupanga maumboni ozikidwa. Ikani malamulo ofunikira kulembedwa kuchokera ku magwero odalirika ndi kuletsa kuukira kwaumwini. Pambuyo pa mkanganowo, chititsani ophunzira kukambitsirana kumene angapeze chidziŵitso chatsopano.

Kupenda Nkhani za Nyuzi m’Kagulu

Ikani kalasi m'magulu aang'ono ndi kupatsa gulu lililonse nkhani yosiyana pa chochitika chimodzi . Gulu lililonse limapenda nkhaniyo pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimene zili pamwambapa (magwero, wolemba, umboni, kukondera, kugwirizanitsa maguluwo kuyerekeza zopezedwa. Kutsatiraku kumasonyeza bwino kwambiri mmene nkhani imodzimodziyo ingasankhidwire m’njira zosiyanasiyana, kutsimikizira kufunika kwa mtanda wa 76enuserning.

Magazini Openda Zinthu

Alembeni ophunzira magazini a mlungu ndi mlungu kumene amasankha nkhani ya m’nyuzi, kuifotokoza mwachidule, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito njira zosuliza zofufuzira. Ayenera kuwona kudalirika kwa magwerowo, kuzindikira tsankho lirilonse, ndi kulongosola chifukwa chake amapanga kapena samakhulupirira chidziŵitsocho.

Olankhula Nkhani za M’magazini ndi Zofalitsa Nkhani

Anenereni atolankhani, akonzi, kapena aphunzitsi a zamaphunziro a m'manyuzipepala kuti alankhule ndi kalasi. Akatswiriwa angafotokoze zinthu zenizeni za padziko lonse za mmene manyuzipepala amatsimikizira nkhani, mmene amasamalirira, ndi mmene amayendera mavuto ena. Akhozanso kutsogolera ntchito yozindikira madesiki ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu zolembedwa. Kulankhulana ndi akatswiri kumawonjezera njira zoulutsira nkhani ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kukhulupirira manyuzipepala ovomerezeka.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo za Umisiri Kuti Zizifufuzidwe

Zinthu zamakono zimene zili m’munsizi zimathandiza kuti ntchito zina zikhale zolondola ndiponso kuti zinthu ziziyendera bwino.

Mawebusaiti Ofufuza Zenizeni

Chochitika chopatulidwa [1] Kufufuza mabungwe a zandale ndi kufalitsa zigamulo zatsatanetsatane. Gwiritsani ntchito Snopes kaamba ka nthano za m’mizinda ndi mphekesera za pa Intaneti, FactCcock .org kaamba ka mfundo zandale, ndi [[FLT:] PULT] P [[FLT] Fact ya U.S] ndemanga zandale (zodziŵika pa Truth. [Chosolo:]). Maiko ambiri ali ndi mfundo zawo zolakwika . Atsogoleri a Thevideversectives [FFFF:7]

Mabuku Othandiza Kuwerenga ndi Kulemba

Maprogramu angapo amakonzedwa makamaka kuthandiza ogwiritsira ntchito kupenda malo. “NewsGuander” yoyang'anira malowo (opezeka kaamba ka Chrome, Bulo, ndi Safari) amasonyeza chithunzi cha chizindikiro cha malo onse anyuzi [1] Luso kwa odalirika, wofiira kwa kusadalirika , ndi kuphatikizapo “Kuwonjezera kwa Chromendi ” yofotokoza malo, ndalama, ndi ndandanda ya olemba nkhani. “FactStream jragees jenec viets jties kuchokera ku magulu ambiri. Kwa oyendetsa galimoto, B. Décoveror "' (poyamba ) angakuuzeni za malo odziŵika bwino, ngakhale kuti afunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mosamala zinthu zonama.

M’zipangizo zofufuzira zithunzi

Zithunzi ndi mavidiyo nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito pochotsa mawu ozungulira. Google imasintha zithunzi pofufuza (kapena Tineye) pokweza chithunzi ndi kuona kwina kumene chaonekera. Mungapeze kuti chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cholembedwa kuti “chionetsero cha kanema” chinatengedwa zaka zambiri zapitazo m’dziko lina. Kwa mavidiyo, zida zonga InVID (chosonyezera mafaniziro) zimathandiza kutsimikizira phazi mwa kusanthula mafelemu ndi mameta.

Misewu ya pa Intaneti

Mabungwe ambiri amapereka maphunziro aulere kapena apamwamba kwambiri osumikidwa pa kuwerenga nkhani ndi kulingalira koipa. Project ya “Cynicology” platifomu [1] imapereka maphunziro othandizira ophunzira apakati ndi apamwamba. Yunivesite ya Michigan imaperekanso masinthidwe apadera pa “Chidziŵitso cha Avalting ” chimene chimaphunzitsa maluso othandiza monga kuŵerenga ndi kutsendereza. Kulimbikitsa ophunzira (ndi aphunzitsi) kumaliza mamogubo amodzi otero kukhoza kukhazikitsa maziko oyenerera.

Kumaliza

Kukulitsa maluso ofufuza bwino pofufuza nkhani ndi chidziŵitso nkofunika kwa ophunzira amene akukula m'dziko lodzala ndi makompyuta. Mwakugwiritsira ntchito njira zosonyezedwa m'chitsogozo chimenechi kuchokera ku magwero adongosolo ndi kuyang'anira kutsutsana kwa makalasi ndi mfundo za sayansi. Kufufuza zida [1] Ophunzitsa angapatse ophunzira mphamvu kuti adziŵitse chidziŵitso. Maluso ameneŵa amadutsa m'kalasi: amakonzekeretsa achinyamata kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino zinthu zamakono zoulutsira nkhani, kutengamo mbali m’nkhani ya democracy, ndi kutsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito machenjera. Pamene ophunzira akufunsa mafunso ofufuza, kufunsa mfundo zawo, ndi kusinkhasinkha za kukondera kwawo, iwo sadzangokulitsa ntchito yawo yamaphunziro komanso kukhala odalirika, okonzekera kupanga umboni wokhoza kupanga ziganizo m'mbali zonse za moyo.