Kodi Kusankha Koyambirira N’kutani?

Masankho oyambirira ndiwo mpikisano woyamba wa mipikisano ya ndale zadziko kumene zipani zandale ndi ovota awo amasankha woyang'anira woyenerera kaamba ka chisankho cha onse. Mmalo mwa kukhala chochitika chimodzi cha dziko, dongosolo lalikulu ndilo ntchito yolinganizidwa bwino ya chisankho ndi kasupe wa boma, iliyonse yolamulidwa ndi malamulo ake apadera, madeti, ndi njira. Dongosolo lamakono limaloza lija lakale "chipinda chodzaza" chitsanzo cha mamembala a gulu kusankha kumbuyo kwa zitseko. Kusintha kopita patsogolo kwa Era kwa kuchiyambiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, kutsati kutsatiridwa ndi McGover-Fraser Commis ku 1970s, lochotsedwa mphamvu kuchokera m'gulu la osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa, kupanga njira yaikulu ya kusankha m'dziko la United States lerolino.

Pamene kuli kwakuti mapulani amagwirizana kaŵirikaŵiri ndi masankho a pulezidenti, ali ofunika mofananamo ku maofesi a boma ndi a m'dziko, kuphatikizapo gabernonator, counion, ndi mafuko a boma. M'nyengo iliyonse ya chisankho, mazana ambiri a mipikisano yaikulu amasankha amene adzayang'anizana ndi oyembekezera kulowa mu November. Mathithithi ali aakulu: chifukwa chakuti madera ambiri ali otetezereka ku Democratic kapena Republican, kusankha kwakukulu kaŵirikaŵiri kumapikisana ndi kotsimikizirika. Kumvetsetsa masinthidwe a masankho aakulu [1] kuphatikizapo amene angavote, mmene nthumwi amaperekedwe, ndi mmene akauzira ntchito amapangira munthu aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa dongosolo la ndale zadziko la ku America.

Mitundu Yosiyana ya Zisankho Zoyambirira

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

M'dongosolo lotseguka, ovota safunikira kulembetsa ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko chimodzi kuti achite nawo. Mmalomwake, patsiku la chisankho, wovota angasankhe kuti ndi chipani chiti chimene akufuna kuponya. Dongosolo limeneli lalinganizidwira kutsimikizira kuti wovotayo ayenera kugawana yekha kapena wosasankha mawu osankhidwa. Maboma amene amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu otsegulira zinthu amaphatikizapo Alabama, Michigan, ndi Texas. Otsutsa amanena kuti otsegula mapulogalamu amalola "kuvota," kumene ziŵalo za gulu lotsutsa lingavote mwadala kaamba ka wofooka, ngakhale kuti kufufuza kumeneku sikuchitika kamodzi. Ochirikiza kuti otsegulira otsegulira amachititsa owonjezereka mwa kujambula, mowonjeza, mochepera.

Malo Otsekeredwa

Maboma otsekerezedwa amaletsa ovota omwe ali olembetsa a chipani china. Ndi Democrates yekha amene angavote m'gulu la Democratic, ndipo ndi a Republica okha amene angavote m'dziko lalikulu. Dongosolo limeneli lilipo m’mayiko monga New York, Florida, ndi Nevada. Mphini wakuya: wosankha chipanicho ayenera kusankhidwa ndi awo amene ali odzipereka ku chipani ndi pulatifomu yake, osati ndi anthu akunja amene alibe mtengo wautali pa chipambano cha gululo. Komabe, osuliza, zindikira kuti ma Pritape otseka akusiya chiŵerengero chomakula cha anthu odzisankhira (omwe tsopano amapanga gawo lachitatu la osankhidwa m'mayiko ena) ndipo angakakamize omvera kwa omvera ambiri ku bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu.

Malo Osungiramo Asunamo Otsekeredwa

Semi-cripmed imaimira malo apakati. M'dongosolo lino, mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa angangovota m'chipani chawo chachikulu, koma osasankha kapena odziimira amaloledwa kusankha kuti ndi chipani chiti chimene akufuna kugwirizana nacho. Dongosolo limeneli likufuna kusunga umphumphu wa gulu pamene likulolabe mawu odziimira. Maboma onga North Carolina, Massachusetts, ndi Utah amagwiritsira ntchito ma triprime. Njirayi amalimbikitsa ofunsira kumanga zigwirizano zazikulu kuchiyambiyambiyambiyambiyambi kwa mkumpeni, osangalatsa kwa onse aŵiri okhulupirika ndi odziimira okha amene kaŵirikaŵiri amasankha masankhoti.

Kusiyana Kumodzi

Kupyola pa maoperase, pali mafomu aakulu ena ofunikira kuonedwa. Phezulu-mapulani aŵiri , ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ku California ndi Washington, kuika oyembekezera onse kuchokera ku zigawo zonse pa mpira umodzi. Ofunsira aŵiriwo amene alandira mavoti ambiri , "kupanda maphwando a pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa livi. Dongolimetili limalinganizidwa kuchepetsa giredi ya tripp ndi kutulutsa opambana ocheperapo. [FLT]]] Ankalandira mapepala a mapepala opatsirapo mapepala , monga aja ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ku Alaska ndi Maine, amalola osankhidwa kukhala oyenerera m'zolowezi. Ngati munthu wotsikayo salandira mavoti ambiri, ndipo amatulukapo ogwirizana ndi 50 peresenti.

Maluso a Chisankho Choyambirira

Kupeza Malo Ochemerera ndi Ophera Mabomba

Njira yoyamba ikuyamba pasadakhale mavoti alionse asanabwere. Otsatsa malonda ayenera kukonza chilengezo cha kuwona mtima, kulipira ndalama, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kusonkhanitsa chiŵerengero chofunikira cha osaini yochokera kwa ovota olembetsedwa kuti apeze malo pa olembetsa oyambirira. Ziyeneretso za kusaina zimasiyana kwambiri: wofunsira ku boma la United States angafunikire kusaina zikwi zingapo, pamene wochita nawo kagulu ka sukulu ka m'dzikolo angafunikire kokha ndalama zoŵerengeka. Cholinga ndicho kusonyeza mlingo wa maziko a chilikizo la chitaganya ndi kuletsa ma Reformation opeary.

Kupanga Mpikisano ndi Kutsutsana

Ndemanga zazikulu zimasiyana ndi makampani a chisankho m’njira zingapo zofunika. Osankho ndi aang'ono, ogaŵa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'ana kwambiri ku kuyera kwa malingaliro. Otsatsa malonda amathera nthaŵi yochuluka akulankhula ndi ochirikiza chipani, kupezeka pa zochitika zotsatizana, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'mikangano yolinganizidwa ndi makomiti a gulu. M'zaka za pulezidenti, nyengo yoyamba ndi yothamanga ya mpikisano wa boma, aliyense wokhala ndi moyo wake weniweni ndi wovota. Nkhani za kusiyanitsa pakati pa gulu la anthu, kusamala zaumoyo, kapena kuloŵerera kwachilendo, kuposa kusiyanitsa kwa shyuzi kowonekera m'masankhoti.

Kutulutsa Mafuta ndi Kaucuuse

Primate yochuluka imachitidwa ndi ofufuza achinsinsi, ndi ovota kuima pa malo ofufuza kapena papositi. Komabe, maboma ena amagwiritsirabe ntchito makiususe, makamaka m'zochitika za pulezidenti woyamba. Kaucuuse ndi misonkhano ya m'dera limene ofufuza amasonkhana, kukambirana ndi kuvota, ndi kuponya voti yapoyera . Nthaŵi zambiri kuima m’kona yosankhidwa ya chipindacho. Pamene kuli kwakuti makiucuse amalimbikitsa kukambitsirana kwamphamvu ndi mipatuko ya udzu, iwonso amafunikira kuikitsa kwanthaŵi yaikulu (nthaŵi zambiri ziŵiri kapena kuposa) ndipo angatuluke m'magawawo amodzi poyerekezera ndi ofunsira oyembekezera kulowa m'malo. Io ndi Nevada ali zitsanzo zotchuka za maboma amene agwiritsira ntchito ntchito ntchito makompyuta, ngakhale kuti maiko ambiri achoka kuchoka m'makonzedwe aposachedwapa.

Atumizeni ku malo odzionetsera

M'mipikisano yaikulu kwambiri, mavoti samasuliridwa mwachindunji m'kusankha. Mmalo mwake, mavoti amagamula mmene nthumwi zimagaŵiridwira. Kwa gulu la Democratic Party, nthumwi zimapatsidwa moyenerera: wosankha amene amapambana 40 peresenti ya voti amalandira pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya nthumwi. Chipani cha Republican chimaloleza kuti asankhe pakati pa kugaŵa ndi kupambana. M'malo mwa kupatako, woloŵa mavoti ochuluka (ngakhale ochepera pa ambiri) alandira nthumwi zonse za boma. Dongo lino likhoza kutulutsa mwamsanga mphamvu yogwirizana ndi yolandira nambala ya othandizira achiŵiri. Kudziŵa masamu ndiko kuyang'anira bwino chifukwa cha kumasulira ndi kusatsimikizira kwa gulu lapaderalo.

Chifukwa Chake Kusankha Koyambirira Kuli Kofunika

Masankho aakulu amachita ntchito zazikulu za democracy zambiri kuposa kungosankha oyembekezera. Amatumikira monga njira yaikulu ya kuŵerengera [[FLT: 0]. Chifukwa chakuti ovota oyambirira amakonda kukhala oikidwiratu ndi odziŵa bwino za nkhani za ndale zadziko, angalangize anthu amene asiya kwambiri malamulo apamwamba a gulu. Otchuka kwambiri ataya mipando yawo m'masankho aakulu, kuphatikizapo kale U.S. Mtsogoleri wa Nyumba Eric Cantor mu 2014. Chiwopsezo chimenechi cha chigamulo chachikulu chimalimbikitsa akuluakulu osankhidwa kukhalabe ogwirizana ndi gulu lawo.

Upandu umatumikiranso monga maziko a oyesera malingaliro atsopano . Okhoza kuchita bwino m'mapulaneti kaŵirikaŵiri amabweretsa ziganizo za malamulo zimene pambuyo pake zimaloŵa m'malamulo apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani zonga ngati Medicare ya Onse, a Green New Deal, ndi ndalama zofunika zapadziko lonse zinapezedwa choyamba pa kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa dziko lonse lisanakhale mbali ya makambitsirano. Mwanjirayi, masankhoti aakulu amagwira ntchito monga oyambitsa malamulo a mayanjano pakati pa magawo.

Ndiponso, mapulogalamu amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa pangano la mapangano ndi maphunziro andale. Chifukwa chakuti mipikisano yaikulu kaŵirikaŵiri imayang'aniridwa ndi gulu ndipo siiyang'aniridwa ndi masankho apadera, ovota amalimbikitsidwa kuphunzira za malo enieni a oyembekezera kubatizidwa, zolemba zawo zovotera, ndi njira zawo zotsogolera. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku masankho odziŵa bwino. Kwa achinyamata ambiri ndi osankhidwa oyamba, nyengo yaikulu ndiyo kumira kwawo kwamphamvu mkupiti wandale, kumanga zizoloŵezi zawo zaumoyo wonse zimene zingakhalitse moyo wonse.

Mmene Kusankha Kumathandiza Kwambiri Pankhani ya Kusankha

Mphepo ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Chisonyezero champhamvu m'masankho aakulu, makamaka m'maboma oyambirira onga Iowa ndi New Hampshire, chimatulutsa chisamaliro chachikulu cha nyuzi ndi mphamvu ya ndale zadziko. Lingaliro la "momentum" liri ponse paŵiri lenileni ndi lodziimira. Chotulukapo chabwino choyembekezeredwa chimatsogolera ku kuulutsidwa kwa manyuzipepala aulere, kumene kumayendetsa ziŵerengero zofufuza zambiri ndi kutumiza ndalama zolimba. Koma, kuonetsedwa kopanda pake kungaletse mkupiti, kutsogolera ku kugwetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa antchito. Zimenezi zili zamphamvu kwambiri makamaka m'makampani a pulezidenti, kumene munda wodzaza anthu amaulutsidwa mofulumira ndi zotsatirapo.

Kupanga Ndalama ndi Masheya

Chisankho chachikulu chimasonkhezeranso kusonkhanitsa ndalama za chisankho. Kaŵirikaŵiri opanga makampani amachenjera ndi kuchirikiza otsogolera kufikira atasonyeza kuthekera m'mpikisano woyamba. Kupambana kokhutiritsa m'zisonyezero zazikulu za kupikisana kwa opereka ndi makomiti a ndale kuti wosankhayo ali ndi njira yogonjetsera m'chosankha cha onse. Kubwera kwa chuma kumeneku kungakhale kotsimikiza pa mkupiti wa chisankho. Kuwonjezerapo, ofuna kuyang'anizana ndi osankhidwa amphamvu kwambiri kaŵirikaŵiri monga osankhidwa chifukwa chakuti adapenda kale kwambiri za nyengo, anayesa uthenga wawo motsutsana ndi ziukiro, ndi kumanga gulu lamphamvu lapansi.

Kuika Malamulo pa Malo ndi Nyumba Zofunika

Mapulatifomu amene oyembekezera kusankhidwa amaikidwa nthaŵi zambiri amapitirizabe m'masankho aakulu, ngakhale kuti angapindulitse omvetsera ambiri. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti njira yoyamba ingathe kufotokoza bwino mfundo za mkangano wa [ pa kachitidwe ka chisankho. Mwachitsanzo, ngati malamulo oloŵerera ayendetsa nkhani za dziko la Republica, onse aŵiri GOP nominee ndi Democratic nomine adzakakamizidwa kukambirana nkhaniyo m'masankho, ngakhale ngati poyamba sanakhale malo oyamba apamwamba a dziko. Masankho amathandizanso kumanga mgwirizano ndi zikondwerero za anthu monga magulu a ntchito, mabungwe a malo okhala ndi malo okhalako, kapena ufulu wa kugawa chilo cha boma.

Kusintha kwa M’maluŵa

Chisankho chachikulu chingatumikire monga bellyester ya chisankho cha onse . Wosankhidwa wamkulu akusonyeza chidwi chachikulu cha anthu onse ndi mphamvu, zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimafika mu November. Mosiyana ndi, kubwerera kwapamwamba kungasonyeze mphwayi ya wovota kapena kusakhutira, kumene kungasokoneze ziŵerengero za anthu. Magulu andale ndi mpikisano amasamalira kwambiri kutembenuza chidziŵitso chawo chachikulu kuti achotse njira zawo zopezera ovota ndi kuzindikira kuti ndi ziti zimene afunikira kusonkhanitsa bwino kwambiri asanasankhe chisankho.

Mavuto Amene Anthu Oyambirira Amakumana Nawo

Kusintha Kotsika ndi Kosaimira

Mwinamwake kusuliza kopitirizabe kwa chisankho chachikulu kuli kochepa. M'maiko ambiri, osankhidwa ochepera pa 20 peresenti a olembetsedwa amagawana nawo m'mipikisano yaikulu kwa maofesi osakhala a maofesi. Kubwerera kotsika kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti osankhidwa aakulu ali osankhidwa kwambiri [amene angawonjezere ku kayendedwe ndi malo a boma. Zoyesayesa zowonjezera kuwonjezera kukwera kwa ovota, odzipangira ovomerezerawo ndi olembetsa tsiku limodzi, zakhala ndi chipambano chosiyana.

Kulunjika ndi Kulumbira kwa Upandu

Masankho aakulu angawonjezere kugawa kwa ndale zadziko chifukwa chakuti ofuna kutchuka ayenera kukopa ovota a chipani odzipereka kwambiri kuti apambane. Osankha ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri ngolimba kwambiri kuposa osankha ochulukitsitsa. Kusintha kumeneku kumapanga chisonkhezero champhamvu kwa oyembekezera kutenga malo apamwamba a kusankhidwa kwa onse omwe angapangitse kugamula kwa osankhidwa. Chochitikacho nthaŵi zina chimatchedwa "chikole cha a purimary". . Chiganizo chakuti ofunsira kupambanawo amagwirizanitsidwa ku mbali zazikulu koposa za gulu lawo. Pamene kuli kwakuti umboni wina umasonyeza kuti chosankha chachikulu sichili chopambanitsa kuposa chisankhoti cha onse ndi zinthu zina, monga ndawala ya za ndalama ndi gergermering, ndi oyendetsa malo a ku chigawo cha chigawo cha .

Malamulo Ocholoŵana ndi Osinthasintha

Kusintha kwa dongosolo lalikulu la U.S. kumayambitsa chisokonezo kwa ovota. Madeti a kulembetsa, masiku oyambirira, ziyeneretso za ovota, ndi malamulo a kulowa kwa ovota amasiyana ndi boma ndipo nthaŵi zina ndi chipani chimodzi. Wovotayo amene amachoka ku Texas kupita ku New York angapeze kuti malamulo okhalira kutenga nawo mbali m'choyambirira asintha kotheratu. Kucholoŵana kumeneku kungasinthe [[FLT:] kutsendereza kwa anthu ogwirizana ndi ndale ndipo mwachisawawa amakhudzanso anthu achichepere ndi kutembenuza mtundu, amene ali othekera kwambiri kukhala oyenda ndi ozoloŵerana ndi masankhoti a masankhoti.

Ndalama Ndiponso Chisonkhezero

Chisankho chachikulu, makamaka kwa maofesi a boma, chakhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kunja kwa ndalama zowonongedwa ndi ma PAC ndi magulu ena odzifunira akula kwambiri kuyambira pamene Khoti Lalikulu la 2010 lagamula chigamulo cha Citizens United v. FEC . Kusefukira kwa ndalama kumeneku kungasokoneze zotsatira zazikulu mwa kukulitsa mawu a anthu olemera ndi zinthu zina zapadera pamtengo wa ovota wamba. Otsala amene sagwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu akuluakulu opereka mphatso kaŵirikaŵiri amayesayesa kukwaniritsa ntchito yolengeza wailesi yakanema ndi kuyang'ana kupikisana ndi kutumiza makalata osoŵa ntchito, kudzutsa mafunso ponena za ntchitoyi ngati iridi ya democracy.

Zimene Ofalitsa Nkhani ndi Mafilimu Amachita

Manyuzipepala a nkhani zonena za masankho aakulu kaŵirikaŵiri amasumika pa "mpikisano wa akavalo" , amene akutsogolera m'mapendedwe, amene wakweza ndalama zambiri, ndi amene ali oyembekezera kudabwa kapena ogwiritsidwa mwala. Kujambula kumeneku kungapange kuwona kwa ovota asanakhale ndi mwaŵi wa kupenda oyembekezera pa nkhanizo. Mapulatifomu a za mayanjano awonjezera mbali yatsopano, kulola oyembekezera kulankhulana mwachindunji ndi osankha koma kufalitsanso nkhani zosokoneza ndi kutheketsa . Ntchito yosamalira zipata ya mwambo wa oulutsa nkhani zamwambo imachepa, imene ingachititse mawiro audzu ndi kupanga makamera omwe amaipitsa malo andale.

Kumaliza

Sankhani zazikulu ndizo maziko, koma kaŵirikaŵiri sizikudziŵika bwino, mbali ya dongosolo la democracy la America. Amasankha kuti ndi oyembekezera kulowa m'chosankha cha onse, kukonza mkangano wa za ndale, ndi kupereka njira yofunika kwambiri yochititsa zipani zandale kukhala ndi mlandu kwa mamembala awo. Madongosolo aakuluwo . Kusiyanasiyana kwa madongosolo oyambirira, kutsekedwa, kutsekedwa pang'ono, kuŵiri, kumbali yapamwamba , kuwonjezera pambali ya dziko lapansi. Kumasonyeza kucholoŵa m'dziko kumene maboma amalamulira kwambiri pa masankhoti awo.

Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, kuzindikira masinthidwe ndi ziyambukiro za masankho aakulu nkofunika kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwapamwamba kwa ndale zadziko za America. Zovuta zoyang'anizana ndi ma primmage, kutha kwa dziko, malamulo ocholoŵana, ndalama m'ndale, ndi zoulutsira nkhani zisonkhezerera . N’zosatheka, koma kuti afunikira kukhala ndi unzika wokangalika ndi kukhala ndi phande. Mwakuchita nawo ntchito yoyamba, ofufuza angathandizire kuti oyembekezera kutulukawo akhaledi oimira madera awo, osati kokha a timagulu tapokhato tolankhula kapena otchuka.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa madongosolo a chisankho ndi kusintha, lingalirani zofufuza za zofunikira kuchokera ku Khomishoni ya Chisankho kaamba ka chidziŵitso cha ndawala, Conference of State Legislatures [1] kaamba ka mitundu yaikulu ya boma, ndi [FLT ,4] Balpedia kaamba ka mipikisano ndi zitsanzo zazikulu za malamulo kudutsa dziko.