Malamulo a UK oloŵera m'dziko asintha kwambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kukonzanso njira za anthu amene akufuna kugwira ntchito, kuphunzira, kapena kukhala ku United Kingdom. Kwa ofunsira, kumvetsetsa masinthidwe ameneŵa sikuli koyenera chabe . Nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti kugonjera, kupeŵa zolakwa zokwera mtengo, ndi kuwongolera kuthekera kwa chipambano. Nkhaniyi imapereka kusweka kwakukulu kwa masinthidwe alamulo amene munthu aliyense ayenera kudziŵa, ndi chitsogozo chothandiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo atsopano mogwira mtima.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kwaposachedwapa

Boma la UK layambitsa kukonzanso kwakukulu kuyambira kumapeto kwa nyengo ya kusintha kwa Brexit. Masinthidwe ameneŵa alinganizidwira kulamulira manambala onse osamuka, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zoyendera, ndi kusintha njira zokhalira ndi kuyendera pamodzi ndi chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kusintha kwakukulu koposa ndiko kuchoka pa dongosolo la ntchito yaikulu la wolemba ntchito pa [1] drivedrive kukafika ku malo okwanira ogwirizana ndi kusamuka, amene anachitika pa 1 December 2020. Dongosolo limeneli limagwira ntchito ponse paŵiri EU ndi maiko a . Kuthetsa kuchiritsa kwapapitapo kwa nzika za ku Ulaya pansi pa ufulu wa kuyendayenda.

Pambali pa maziko [1], boma lakweza madeti a malipiro, magulu a ma visa ambiri okonzedwanso, kuwonjezera ntchito yosamalira zaumoyo yokhudza kugaŵidwa ndi kugwirizanitsanso banja. Masinthidwe ameneŵa amasonyeza cholinga cha boma cha kukopa “kuwala ndi kwabwino koposa” pamene likuchepetsa kusamuka kwa makonde. Ochita kafukufuku tsopano akuyang'anizana ndi zofunika za ndalama zambiri, zolemba zolimba, ndi malamulo ochepa onena za nthaŵi yotheredwa kunja kwa UK. Kuzindikira zimenezi ndiko njira yoyamba yopezera ntchito yachipambano.

Njira Yoyendera Yosambira

Bungwe la UK tsopano likugwira ntchito njira yogwirizana ndi [1] kusamuka yofanana ndi ya ku Australia ndi Canada. Pansi pa dongosolo ili, ofunsira ayenera kupeza mfundo zochepa kuti ayenerere kulowa m'dziko. Mfundozo zimaperekedwa malinga ndi maluso oyenerera, kuyenerera, malipiro, luso la Chingelezi, ndipo, nthaŵi zina, ntchito yoperekedwa kuchokera ku wochirikiza Office Yapanyumba.

Pa ma vhisa a ntchito aluso (njira yantchito yofala kwambiri), ofunsira amafunikira mfundo zosachepera 70. Izi zimaphatikizapo mfundo zofunikira 20 kuti munthu apereke ntchito kuchokera kwa wopereka wovomerezedwa, 20 aikidwe pamlingo waluso (RQF 3 kapena pamwamba), ndi mfundo 10 zothandizira kukwaniritsa chinenero cha Chingelezi. Magawo ena angapezedwe kaamba ka malipiro, ndi malo a ndalama zokwanira $26,200 pachaka (kapena £10.75 pa ola) kaamba ka ntchito zambiri, kapena “malipiro a ntchito yakutiyakuti agwire ntchito, zimene ziri zazikulu. Mfundo zirinso zopezeka kaamba ka ntchito m’ntchito zopereŵera, kaamba ka ma PD okhala ndi ntchito, ndi awo amene ali atsopano oyenerera ntchito (zaka 26).

Dongosolo limeneli limaloŵa m’malo njira yakale ya Tier 2 (Yense) ndi kuika chigogomezero champhamvu pa kukopa antchito aluso amene angathandizire ku chuma cha UK.

Kusintha Kwakukulu kwa Malamulo

Malo Owonjezereka Ogulitsira

Chimodzi cha masinthidwe opindulitsa kwambiri ndicho kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipiro ochepa pa ma visa a ntchito oyendetsedwa. Pansi pa njira yachiŵiri, malipiro onse anali $300,000 pachaka kwa antchito ozoloŵera. Pansi pa viza yaluso latsopano, chitseko chachisawawa chimakhazikitsidwa pa $26,200 pachaka, koma kusiyana kwakukulu nchakuti “kukwera kwa ndalama za ntchito iliyonse kuyenera kufikiridwanso ndi $8,ndipo m'zochitika zambiri zimenezi nzapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chitseko cha anthu onse. Mwachitsanzo, wokonza pulogalamu ya pulogalamu angafunikire kupeza ndalama zoyenderapo, pamene wantchito angafunikire ndalama zokwanira.

Kwa viza ya Zaumoyo ndi Ya chisamaliro, malipiro ali ofanana ndi njira yaluso ya Ogwira Ntchito, koma malipiro onse ofunsira amachepetsedwa ndipo wosamalira zaumoyo amachotsedwa. Komabe, ngakhale m’chigawochi, malipirowo ayenera kufikirabe pamtengo wa £26,200 kapena ku CHS yolingana ndi gulu la oimba.

Malo a malipiro owonjezereka ameneŵa amakupangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa antchito otsika pa 1000,000 olandira malipiro kuyenerera, makamaka m’mbali zonga kuchereza alendo, masitolo, ndi ulimi. Olemba ntchito ochirikiza antchito ayenera kutsimikizira kuti angapeze malipiro ofunikira, ndipo ofunsirawo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti malipiro awo operekedwawo akukhutiritsa ponse paŵiri mlingo wa onsewo ndi wantchito imene ikuyenda.

Magulu a Malo Okonzedwanso

Malo a visa aikidwa m'malo. Maviza akale a Tier 2 (General) aloŵedwa mmalo ndi viza ya Antchito yaluso, monga momwe tatchulira. Njira ya Tier 2 (Intra_ Compmpany trand) tsopano ndi Intara highention, ndi malipiro ake ndi mayeso. Magulu a Tier 5 (Antchito Ogwira Ntchito za U.) adakonzedwanso m'makwalala a Global Busition Molity, kuphatikizapo Senior kapena Specialist Ogwira Ntchito, Graduate Sycee, ndi UK Treaty.

Kwa ophunzira, chikalata cha ophunzira cha Tier 4 (General) tsopano chikutchedwa chabe viza ya Ophunzira, yokhala ndi malamulo ofananawo koma zofunikira zokonzedwa bwino. Masinthidwe ameneŵa (pambuyo pa nthaŵi ya masukulu) abwezeretsedwanso, kulola ophunzira a mitundu yonse amene amaliza digiri mu UK kukhalako kwa zaka ziŵiri (zaka zitatu kaamba ka kumaliza maphunziro a PhD) kugwira ntchito. Kusintha kumeneku kwalandiridwa ndi mayunivesite ndi ophunzira mofanana, koma kumabwera ndi mikhalidwe yokhwima: womaliza maphunziro ayenera kunyamula mapepala a UK asanasamukire ku ma vhizi olembedwa ndi akatswiri, ndipo palibe makonzedwe kaamba ka ziŵalo za banja kuti zigwire ntchito pokhapo ngati iwo eniwo sanapeze ntchito.

Kuwonjezeka kwa Malonda

Immigsurtion Health Surread (IHS) yawonjezeka. Kuchiyambi kwa 2024, mtengo wa fersurensi ndi £1,035 pachaka kwa akuluakulu ambiri ofunsira (kuchokera pa £624) ndi $7766 pachaka kwa ophunzira ndi aja omwe ali pansi pa 18 (kuchokera pa $470). Ndalama imeneyi imaperekedwa kutsogolo panthaŵi ya kufunsira kwa visa ndi kubisa ku National Health Service ya Univers pa nyengo ya Univiza.

Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kungawonjezere mtengo wa kufunsira ntchito, ndipo ofunsirawo ayenera kulinganiza za ndalama zoyenerera. Kufunsirako sikungabwezeretsedwe pokhapokha ngati fomu ya chikalatacho yakanidwa kapena itachotsedwa m’mikhalidwe ina. Kwa mabanja amene akugwirira ntchito pamodzi, zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zazikulu.

Kukhazikika ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kusintha kwa malowo (Motsimikizirika Sitent to Since , ILR) kwapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuyenerera. Nthaŵi yopitirizabe yokhalako kwa njira zambiri za ntchito ndi zaka zisanu, koma Ofesi ya Panyumba yalumikizira malamulo a kusakhalako kwa UK. Pambuyo pake, chiwonkhetso cha masiku 180 osakhalapo m’nyengo ya 1297 ndi mwezi uliwonse chinaloledwa. Tsopano, malamulowo amasungidwa kwambiri, ndipo Ofesi Yapanyumba imayembekezera kuti kusoŵa kulikonse kwa masiku 180 m'nyengo ya mwezi kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha kukakamiza (monga ngati ntchito yaikulu kapena matenda aakulu). Zipatso za maulendo okopa alendo kapena zifukwa zaumwini zimachitidwa mopambanitsa.

Ndiponso, chofunika kwa ofunsira kukhala ndi visa ya zaka zisanu zathunthu chafotokozedwa bwino. Nthaŵi iliyonse ya kukhala mopambanitsa, ngakhale ngati ndi yaifupi ndi mwangozi, ingabwezere wotchi. Ofesi ya Home tsopano imagwiranso ntchito “mkhalidwe wabwino” wofunsira mafomu, amene amapenda mbiri ya upandu, kuvomereza kusamuka, ndipo ngakhale nkhani zonga kulipira msonkho kapena ziweruzo za khoti.

Kusintha kwa Banja

Njira zopitira banja zamangidwanso kwambiri. Kwa mkazi kapena mnzake ma visa, kampani ya UKÍ, ndalama zochepa zolipirira zinawonjezeka kufika pa £29,000 pachaka (pa April 2024) ndipo zapangidwa kuwonjezera ku £38,700 pofika kuma 2025. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mabanja amene akuwachirikiza azikhala ndi ndalama zochepa kapena kuti azisunga ndalama zambiri. Ochita apilo ayeneranso kupereka umboni weniweni wa unansi, kuphatikizapo umboni wa kukhala pamodzi, ndalama, ndi kulankhulana kwa nthaŵi zonse.

Kwa odalira ana ndi ziŵalo zina za banja, zifuno zakhala zowongoka kwambiri. Ofesi Yapanyumba tsopano ikuyembekezera zikalata zolembedwa, makalata a chikuto, ndi kufunsa kokhala ndi tsatanetsatane. Kuphonya kulikonse m'zikalatazo kungatsogolere ku kukana, ndipo kukana pansi pa njira ya banja kuli kovuta kwambiri kugwetsa pa apilo.

Kusintha Kowonjezereka Kosadziŵika

Kupyola masinthidwe aakulu otchulidwa pamwambapa, masinthidwe ena angapo afunikira kusamaliridwa. EU Settlement Scheme yatsekedwa ku mayeso atsopano, koma mapempho achedwa angavomerezedwebe ndi “chifukwa chakuchedwa". Mtengo wa Brisbane woyambitsa makonzedwe a kutumiza ndi kuchotsa anthu amene amaloŵa m'dzikolo mosakhala lamulo, kukhudza ofuna kopulumukira ndi otsala. Ndanda ya ntchito za kusoŵa kwa ntchito yakonzedwanso kuti aloŵetse mbali zina m'kumanga, uinjiniyani, ndi thanzi, zikumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa anthu amene ali ndi ntchito zochepa kuti apeze chisankhiritso cha mabwishoni.

“ Njira ya m'm'malo mwake yakhala yatsopano ndi yolimba monga vhisa ya Muvalitsi, yofuna chivomerezo kuchokera ku bungwe lovomerezedwa ndi makonzedwe enieni a bizinesi. “Chiyambi cha PNG” chichotsedwa, kugwirizanitsa njira zonse za amalonda ku gulu la Innovator Reversitor.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zovuta

Masinthidwe alamulo ameneŵa amatanthauza kuti ofunsirawo ayenera kupereka chisamaliro chapafupi ku ziyeneretso za kukhala ndi ndandanda ya zinthu zambiri. Kusintha ku mfundo za dongosolo lozikidwa pa [1] kumafuna kuŵerengera kosamalitsa: Ofunsira ayenera kutsimikizira kuti malipiro awo, ziyeneretso, ndi luso la Angelezi afikire mfundo zofunika asanagwiritsire ntchito. Kudalira pa uphungu wa zaudziko kapena chidziŵitso chachikale kungatsogolere ku ku kukana.

Kulinganiza ndalama kumachitidwanso kwambiri. Kwa awo amene ali pa njira zalamulo, ndalama zolipirira chithandizo chamankhwala zowonjezereka, ndi malipiro owonjezereka, ofunsirawo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi ndalama zokwanira osati kokha kaamba ka chisankhocho komanso ndalama zogwirizana nazo (m’chitsanzo, kukonzanso, kutembenuza mapepala, uphungu walamulo). Kwa awo amene ali m’njira za banja, ndalama zimene amafunikira zingakakamize okwatirana kuchedwa kufunsira kufikira ndalama zimene wowathandizirayo apeza zitakwera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimene asunga.

Umboni wa m'mabuku ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Ofesi ya Panyumba ikupempha umboni wochuluka: Mapepala a banki a pafupifupi miyezi 3-6, malipiro a ntchito, zikalata za digiri, mayeso a Chingelezi (kuchokera ku zikalata zovomerezeka monga IELS Life Skills kapena SELT), ndi kwa zilolezo za banja, masamba zikwi zambiri a makalata ndi zithunzi. Kulemba mapepala ameneŵa m'zikalata zomveka bwino, zolembedwa kungachepetse kulephera kwa ntchitoyo ndi kuchepetsa ngozi ya kuchotsedwa.

Malangizo Othandiza Pochita Zinthu Zabwino

  • Muzionetsetsa kuti mukuchita bwino potsatira mfundo zatsopano zimene mukufunika kuzitsatira.
  • Mukafuna zikalata zonse zofunika, muzisonkhanitsa kaye zikalata zotsimikizira kuti Chingelezi n’chaluso, kuti chikhale ndi ndalama zambiri, ndiponso (choti chikhale ndi ziphaso zolembera ntchito) chikhale chikalata chovomerezeka cholembedwa ndi bwana wovomerezedwa.
  • Khalani ogwirizana ndi malamulo amakono a kusamuka mwa kuyang'ana nthaŵi zonse pawebusaiti ya boma ya UK ( gov.uk /visas-immigation ). Zikalata za malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasinthidwa ndi chidziŵitso chochepa.
  • Ganizirani za ndalama zogulira chithandizo cha thanzi polinganiza zofunsira. Gwiritsirani ntchito [[FLT: 0] Khwalansi ya IHS kuti mupeze chiwonkhetso cholondola.
  • Pa milandu yovuta, monga yokhudza mafaelo a apandu, kukana ntchito zakale, kapena njira zachilendo zopezera ntchito, funsani mlangizi wa anthu osamukira m’dziko wolembedwa m’kaundula kapena loya wolembedwa m’lamulo la UK la anthu osamukira m’dziko.
  • Pezani nthaŵi zamakono za Office musanafunsire. Mautumiki oyambirira ndi aakulu kwambiri alipo kaamba ka njira zambiri koma amabwera pamtengo wowonjezereka. Ngati mukufuna viza yanu ndi deti lapadera, linganizani bwino nthaŵi yanu yofunsira.
  • Mafomu ofunsira kugonja, sungani tsatanetsatane wa kusakhala konse kwa UK. Kuchoka kulikonse kwa masiku 180 m’nyengo ya mwezi 1276 kuyenera kuchirikizidwa ndi makalata a bwana ndi umboni wa chifukwa cha ulendo.

Mmene Mungakhalire Wotsitsimula

Lamulo la UK la kusamuka ndi logwira ntchito; masinthidwe angalengezedwe ku Nyumba ya Malamulo ndi kugwira ntchito mkati mwa milungu. Kuti ofunsira akhalebe omvera, ayenera kudalira pa magwero oyamba. Ofesi ya Pamudzi imafalitsa chitsogozo chalamulo cha njira iliyonse ya visa pa Malamulo osintha pa masinthidwe ndi malipiro a anthu. Kuwonjezerapo, [FLT:] UK Visas ndi Immigration (KVI)

Kwa awo ofuna kudzisanthula, Free Movementb [[FLT: 1] imapereka ndemanga za akatswiri ndi kusinthira lamulo. House of Commons Library imafalitsa mapepala achidule pa mapepala aakulu otumizira alendo. Kutumiza pepala lolembedwa ndi akuluakulu a Office kungakuthandizeninso kukhalabe patsogolo pa kusintha kumene kungayambukire kufunsira kwanu.

Kumaliza

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa UK kwasintha kwambiri m'zaka makumi ambiri. Kuyambira kusinthira ku mfundo ku kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa ziyeneretso za ndalama, mbali iliyonse ya njira yogwiritsira ntchito imafunikira kukonzekera kowonjezereka, zolembedwa zambiri, ndi kulinganiza bwino kwambiri kuposa kale. Pamene masinthidwe ameneŵa angaoneke kukhala ovuta, n’ngosadziŵika bwino ndi chidziŵitso cholondola ndi chichirikizo. Mwakumvetsetsa masinthidwe alamulo osonyezedwa m'nkhani ino, magulu a mavirusca, mitengo ya zaumoyo, malamulo othandizira kutaya ndalama, ndi masinthidwe a banja angatenge masitepeto amphamvu. Kukhalabe odziŵa ndi okonzedwa bwino ndi kuli njira yabwino kwambiri mu njira ya UK transmustsss lerolino.