Mawu oyamba a bungwe la United States angokhala mawu otchuka otsegulira. Ndi mawu achidule koma aakulu a zifuno za boma la America, mawu a mtundu, ndi mawu olimbikitsa nthaŵi zonse kuti adziimira m'boma. Kwa ophunzira, mawu oyambawo amapereka mfundo zomveka zoloŵa m'malingaliro a dziko la Amereka. Mawu ake otchuka, [[FL: 0]" Ife Anthu," mwamsanga [[FLT:] timatsimikiza kuti ulamuliro sukhala mu mfumu kapena m'gulu lolamulira, koma mwa nzikazo zokha. Uthenga umenewu ndi maziko ndi kuuzira: umalimbikitsa achinyamata kuti aziona monga anthu ongodzilamulira okha, koma monga okangalika m'gulu la anthu. Mwa kuphunzira za Preggly, mungakhoze kumasula, kumasula, ndi kulondola malamulo, ndi kulondola malamulo, kuti akwanikire kwa mbadwo wambiri, kuti apitirize kutchuka.

Nkhani Yoyambirira ya Nkhaniyi

Atatchulidwa mu 1787 pa Convention ya Constitution ku Philadelphia, mawu oyamba anatulukira pa nthaŵi ya kusatsimikizirika kwakukulu kwa ndale zadziko. Nkhani za Confederation zinatsimikizira kukhala zosakwanira, kukhazikitsa boma lapakati lofooka lomwe linalimbana ndi mikangano ya boma, kusakhazikika kwa zachuma, ndi ziwopsezo zina. Maframes [1] kuphatikizapo James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, ndi George Washington Washington adafuna kupanga dongosolo la boma lolimba kwambiri pamene akusunga ufulu wa ku Britain. Pregailge sinali yosanja lapambuyo potiliganizira; inachitidwa mosamala ndi Gouverneur Morris, amene anakhala pa Komiti ya Chilengedwe, kulongosola zolinga zoyenerera za boma latsopano. Monga momwe wolemba mbiri yakale amanenera, mmene malamulo adzikolozera chikhulupiriro kuti malamulo avomerezere, chikalata chongochitika mwalamulo. Chikalata chimenechi, chijambuku

Pregege imanenanso za nthanthi za kuunika, makamaka nthanthi za mayanjano a John Locke ndi Jean-Jacques Rousseau, zimene zinatsutsa kuti maboma amapeza mphamvu zawo zolungama kuchokera ku chivomerezo cha olamulira. Opanga mafomuwo anatsutsa molunjika ufumu ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba, mmalo mwa kuika ulamuliro m'gulu la anthu. Kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku m'kulamulira kunafuna mawu omveka bwino a chifuno, amene angasonkhetse kukhulupirika ndi kutsogolera mibadwo yamtsogolo. Mwakumvetsetsa kanthaŵi kalelo, ophunzira angamvetsetse chifukwa chake Pregeing imachititsa kulemera koteroko: zonse ziŵirizo ndi kulinganiza kothandiza kwa dziko latsopano ndi masomphenya ochititsa chidwi a zimene mtunduwo ungakhale.

Maziko a Chiphunzitso cha Chifilosofi

Chiyambi cha pulogalamuyi si mpambo wa maulamuliro kapena mawu alamulo; ndi mawu a ntchito yozikidwa pa nthanthi za makhalidwe ndi zandale. Malamulo asanu ndi limodzi (kuchokera ku " kupanga Union wokwanira kwambiri" ] kwa ]" kutsimikizira Madalitso a Liberty" []] [(kuimira zolinga zazikulu za boma la America. Zonulira zimenezi sizikungosintha chabe; ndizo zodzipereka zopitirizabe zimene mbadwo uliwonse uyenera kukonzanso. Kwa ophunzira, kutsutsana ndi mafilosofi a Preggyption kukulitsa malingaliro osulira ponena za chifuno cha boma lenilenilo. Kodi chilungamo chimatanthauzanji m'chitaganya chamitundu yosiyanasiyana? Kodi chimapindulitsa ndi kutetezedwa?

Ndiponso, mawu oyamba akusonyeza lingaliro la ulamuliro wotchuka .Ichi nchiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wandale wathunthu mwa anthu. Lingaliro limeneli nlosintha zinthu ndi kupatsa mphamvu. Pamene ophunzira apanga kuti iwo ali mbali ya " Ife Anthu," [ iwo amazindikira kuti mawu awo, mavoti, ndi machitidwe a boma ali ofunika. Motero kuyambitsidwa kwa maphunziro a boma amene amagogomezera zigwirizano ndi thayo. Sukulu zingagwiritsire ntchito Preglyp kuchirikiza makambitsirano a zoyenera, ntchito, ndi zabwino zofala.

Kupenda Mwatsatanetsatane Mawu Amodzi

"Ife Anthu a ku United States"

Mawu otsegulira ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya ndale za ku America. Imalengeza kuti Konsichushoni yakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu, osati ndi maboma kapena gulu lililonse lapamwamba. Imeneyi inasankhidwa mwadala kugogomezera chizindikiritso cha dziko limodzi, kukweza chinenero cha Zigawo za Confederation zimene zinatchula "kugwirizana kolimba kwa ubwenzi" pakati pa mayiko odzilamulira. Ophunzira, mawuwa amapempha kuti anthu adzifufuza kuti ndi ndani [[[FLT:]"" anthu [[FLT:]] [1] [5] kufunsa funso limene lakhala likuchokera ku zikalata zosonyezera, makhoti, ndi magulu a anthu. Kuchotsa anthu ukapolo kumbuyo kwa ufulu wa kumbuyo kwa akazi ndi mtundu wa anthu, tanthauzo la [FT] [FFFF] kuwonjezera] Chikalata chosonyeza kuti: [FFFF]

"Kupanga Chigwirizano changwiro chowonjezereka"

Opanga maflamers anazindikira kuti kugwirizana pansi pa Zigawo za Confederation kunali kolakwika kwambiri. Kusagwirizana pakati pa maboma, chipwirikiti cha zachuma, ndi chiwopsezo cha kutha kwa dziko kunafunikira maziko amphamvu a dziko. Liwu loposapo" "kuthandiza kwambiri" [1] likuuza: Kukwanira ndiko njira yosatha, osati yomalizira. Kwa ophunzira, mawuwa amalimbikitsa kukula kwa maganizo ponena za kulamulira. Mgwirizano ungawongowongowongoleredwa mwa kusintha, kukambirana, ndi kuyesayesa kwa kamodzi. Limanenanso za kufunika kwa umodzi m’malekani, chitoko chimene chimakhalabe chapakati pa moyo wa anthu a ku America.

"Chilungamo chokhazikitsidwa"

Chilungamo ndi maziko a demokalase iliyonse. Chiyambi cha sukulu chimafuna kukhazikitsa dongosolo la malamulo lolungama, losakondera, ndiponso lofikirika kwa onse. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo osati dongosolo la khoti lokha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo amene amateteza ufulu wa anthu ndi kulanga. Kwa ophunzira, kufufuza chilungamo kungaphatikizepo kupenda milandu ya m'makhoti aakulu, kufufuza mfundo za mmene zinthu ziyenera kuchitikira ndi chitetezo cholingana, ndi kuona nkhani zamakono monga kusintha chilungamo. Mawuwo akukumbutsa ophunzira kuti chilungamo si chongochitika mwachibadwa, chimafuna zipani, malamulo, ndi nzika zogwira ntchito zolimba zokhulupirika.

"Kutsimikizira kuti banja lili ndi vuto"

Mtendere wa m’banja umatanthauza mtendere ndi dongosolo m'dziko. Opanga mafomu anali odera nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi chipwirikiti cha mkati mwa dziko, monga Shays’s Regation, chimene chinagogomezera kulephera kwa boma la Nkhanizo kusunga bata. Mawuwa amagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti boma lili ndi mbali m’kuletsa chipwirikiti ndi kukhazikitsa chisungiko. Kwa ophunzira, amadzutsa mafunso ponena za kulinganiza pakati pa ufulu ndi chisungiko, ntchito ya kusungitsa lamulo, ndi kufunika kwa kukhazikitsa chigamulo chamtendere. Limagwirizanitsanso ndi malingaliro a chitaganya ndi kufunika kwa nzika za nzika kuthandizira kusungitsa chitaganya chokhazikika.

"Lolani chitetezo cha onse"

Chisungiko cha dziko ndi thayo lalikulu la boma la boma. Lamulo limeneli limavomereza kupangidwa kwa magulu ankhondo, mabungwe a luntha, ndi njira za mayanjano kutetezera mtunduwo ku ziwopsezo zakunja. Komabe, limaperekanso thayo limodzi: kutetezera kwa onse kumaphatikizapo nzika zonse kupyolera muutumiki, misonkho, ndi kugalamuka kwa boma. Kwa ophunzira, makambitsirano angakhudza kugwiritsira ntchito bwino mphamvu zankhondo, mtengo wa chitetezo, ndi kufunika kwa kukambirana. Mafaniziro otetezera osati monga njira yothetsera, koma monga njira yotetezera ufulu ndi kupititsa patsogolo mtendere.

"Khalani ndi Chitukuko cha Onse"

Chiganizo chachikulu chimenechi chafotokozedwa m’njira zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri ya Amereka. Pamapeto pake, chimafuna kuti boma lichite zinthu zimene zimawongolera moyo wa nzika zonse . Zimasinthanso moyo mwa zinthu, maphunziro, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo, malamulo a zachuma, kapena mautumiki a anthu. Programu za New Deal ndi Great Society ndi zitsanzo za matanthauzo ambiri. Kwa ophunzira, mawuwa amalimbikitsa kukambirana za mbali yoyenera ya boma pothetsa umphaŵi, kusalingana kwa anthu, ndi zinthu zina. Imalimbikitsanso iwo kulingalira zimene [[FLT: 0] Generive" imatanthauza m'midzipando yawo.

Nditumize Madalitso a Ufulu ndi Ufulu wathu;

Ufulu uli cholinga chachikulu cha demokalase ya America. Mawuwa akugogomezera kuti mawu awa amagwirizana ndi udindo wa pa mbadwo wamakono komanso ayenera kusungidwa kaamba ka anthu a m’tsogolo. Liwu "mafulensi" "kudziwitsa" [ mafaniziro a mafaniziro monga mphatso yokondedwa, osati kungofuna kungokhala. Kwa ophunzira, mawuwa amagwirizana ndi udindo wa mbadwo wamakono , lingaliro lakuti zosankha za lero zimakhudza nzika za maŵa. Imabutsanso mafunso onena za zimene ufulu wa ufulu: ufulu wa kulankhula, ufulu wotsatira zolinga za munthu mmodzi, komanso udindo wolemekeza ufulu wa ena. Mawuwo akukumbutsa ophunzira kuti demokrase afunikira kuyesayesa nthaŵi zonse kuletsa kulowa m’malo.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mawu Apamwamba a Maphunziro a Chiŵalo Chamakono

Mawu oyamba ndi othandiza kwambiri pa maphunziro a boma chifukwa ndi afupi, osaiwalika, ndiponso otchuka kwambiri. Aphunzitsi a m'magiredi osiyanasiyana angaphunzire zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza boma, mbiri yakale, ndi zochitika zamakono. Kwa ophunzira achinyamata, kungoloweza ndi kutchula mawu otsatsa mawu a Chingelezi angayambitse kunyadira dziko lawo ndi kuyambitsa mawu ofunika kwambiri. Kwa ophunzira achikulire, kupenda kwambiri mawu alionse kungayambitse makambitsirano ovuta okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi m’chitaganya chosiyanasiyana. Preging imagwiranso ntchito monga malembo ogwirizanitsa mawu [1] Kuposa magawa a projective .

Maphunziro a boma opindulitsa amawonjezera pa kuphunzira wamba; amafunikira kutomerana kwamphamvu. Mawu otchuka angasonkhezere ophunzira kutengamo mbali m'misonkhano yopeka ya malamulo, makambitsirano, ntchito za utumiki wa anthu, ndi boma la ophunzira. Mwakugwirizanitsa zonulirapo za Pregedge ku nkhani zenizeni za dziko . Zonga ngati kusintha kwa nyengo, kusalingana, kapena kulabadira kwa miliri yamphamvu . Zolinga zoyambirazo zimawona kuti siziri zotsala zafumbi koma zitsogozo zamoyo. Center for Cbic Education imapereka ziŵiro ndi maphunziro amene amagwiritsira ntchito Pregly monga maziko a kuphunzitsa mapulinsipulo a democracy.

Zochita za Pakalasi ndi Mafunso Okambitsirana

Nazi zinthu zingapo zothandiza zimene aphunzitsi angagwiritse ntchito pochititsa kuti mawu oyamba akhale osangalatsa m’kalasi:

  • .Phrase Translation Task . Kupempha ophunzira kulembanso mawu alionse a mawu oyamba m'mawu awo. Zimenezi zimawakakamiza kutsutsana ndi tanthauzo ndi kufunika kwa chonulirapo chilichonse.
  • [[FLT: 0] Contemporary Relevance Journal : Akhoza ophunzira kupeza nkhani yaposachedwapa ya m'nyuzi imene imakhudza limodzi la mawu a poyamba a Chingelezi (m., nkhani yonena za chilungamo, chisungiko, kapena ubwino) ndi kulemba mmene nkhaniyo imagwirizanira ndi cholinga choyambirira.
  • Project ya Postdger[[FL:1]: Ophunzira amapanga zithunzithunzi zowoneka zimene zimasonyeza zonulirapo zisanu ndi chimodzi za Sewero, kugwiritsira ntchito mafano, zizindikiro, ndi mawu olongosola mawu oyambirira.
  • Convention of Constitution : Ophunzira amene amagwira ntchito monga nthumwi kuchokera ku magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo ayenera kugwirizana pa mawu oyamba atsopano a dziko loyerekezera, kutsutsana za zolinga zimene ziri zofunika koposa.
  • Ounist v. Mgwirizano wa Malamulo Wamoyo [[FLT: 1]]: kwa ophunzira opita patsogolo, kambitsiranani kaya ngati tanthauzo la Pregedge liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi cholinga cha opanga maula kapena kusinthika kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Mafunso okambitsirana angakulitse kumvetsetsa:

  • Kodi " Ife Anthu" timatanthauzanji kwa inu? Kodi pali anthu lerolino amene amadzimva kukhala osaphatikizidwa m'mawu ameneŵa?
  • Kodi tingagwiritsitse bwanji ntchito pamodzi [[FL:0]" kupanga mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri" m'sukulu yathu, chitaganya, kapena dziko?
  • Nchifukwa ninji kuli kofunika kwa [[FL:0]" kutetezera Madalitso a Ufulu" kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo? Perekani chitsanzo cha ufulu umene ungakhale paupandu.
  • Kodi boma liyenera kuika patsogolo " kusoŵa kwa ufulu" pa ufulu wa munthu aliyense panthaŵi ya mavuto? Kodi kulinganizika koyenera nchiyani?

Mawu Oyamba Oti Ndi Gwero Lopanda Nthawi Lothandiza Kupuma

Chiyambi chakhalako kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri chifukwa chakuti chimalankhula ku zikhumbo za anthu onse: chilungamo, mtendere, chisungiko, ufulu, ndi lingaliro la anthu. M'nyengo ya kugaŵikana kwa ndale zadziko ndi kutha kwa nzika, kubwereranso ku Pregedge kungakumbutsa ophunzira za maziko ofanana amene amalongosola. Amawatokosa kuganiza kuti sangadzikondweretse okha ndi kulingalira zabwino zofanana. Kumawapatsanso mphamvu kuwona kuti kuyesa kwa Amereka sikunathe; ntchito ya " kukonzanso Malamulo a Chigwirizano changwiro" [1] imapitirizabe ndi mbadwo uliwonse.

Aphunzitsi, makolo, ndi atsogoleri achitaganya onse angagwiritsire ntchito mawu oyamba kusonkhezera achichepere kukhala odziŵitsidwa, olingalira, ndi achangu. Mwa kuphunzira mawu ake ndi tanthauzo lake, ophunzira amakulitsa chidziŵitso cha anthu onse, maluso, ndi mikhalidwe yofunikira pa moyo wa demokalase. Pregage si chinthu chofera ayi; ndi chiitano chamoyo. Monga momwe Supreme Court Justice Sandra O'Connor adanenapo, "Kuyambira ku Malamulo athu sikuli chabe lonjezo la mbiri yakale lomwe liyenera kukwaniritsa mbadwo uliwonse. Kwa ophunzira lerolino, lonjezolo limakhala lovomerezeka monga kale. [FLD:] Directive for Publicture Eductive [FFLD:]

Kumaliza: Khalani ndi Ophunzira Ogwirizana ndi Lonjezo Lamaziko

Kufufuza chiyambi cha mbiri yakale, mfundo zachikhalidwe, ndi magwiridwe a mawu alionse, ophunzira amaphunzira zambiri m’mbiri; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito unzika waunyinji. Chinenero chosavuta koma chakuya chingatichititse kufuna kudziŵa zinthu, kuyambitsa mkangano, ndi kusonkhezera. Mwa kufufuza chiyambi cha mbiri yakale, matanthauzo a filosofi, ndi magwiridwe amakono a mawu alionse, ophunzira amaphunzira kwambiri mfundo za makhalidwe a America ndi ntchito yawo yokonza zamtsogolo. Mawuwo amatikumbutsa kuti democracy si masewera ongopeka, kufunikira kukhala ndi kusamala, ndi kudzipereka kwa ophunzira onse. Mawuwo ndi mwayi ndi udindo. Monga momwe amaphunzirira mawuwo [FL:]" Anthufe, "Anthu," [FLT:]