Table of Contents
Mpweya Wabwino M’matauni Ukukula
Kuipitsa mpweya kwakhala chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zaumoyo m’mizinda yonse ya United Kingdom. Mosasamala kanthu za kupita patsogolo kwakukulu chiyambire ntchito ya Diec Air Acts ya pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, kuipitsa kwamakono kochokera ku — kutentha kwapamsewu, kutentha kwapanyumba, ndi kuipitsa kwa maindasitale — kukupitirizabe kuonetsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku mlingo wovulaza wa nayitrogen dioxide (NO2) ndi mbali yake yabwino kwambiri (PM2,). [FL:0] UK Health Health Agement Office [FLD:1] Agement . Adrogiezera kuti kuwonongeka kwa mphepo kuipitsa kumathandiza pakati pa 28,000 ndi 30,000000, imfa zapasadansi chaka chilichonse.
Ntchito ya meya ya kuyang'anira kuipitsa mpweya wa m'tauni imaposa pa ntchito zamwambo. Pamene wotsogolera wosankhidwa ndi democracy wa ulamuliro wogwirizana kapena dera la mzinda, meya ali ndi malo apadera ogwirizanitsa malamulo a zoyendera, kulinganiza malo, zoyesayesa zaumoyo wa anthu onse, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma. Nkhani ino ikupenda njira zogwiritsira ntchito zolamulira za m'maguwa a m'tauni a UK, zotsatira zokhoza kupezedwa, ndi mavuto osatha amene atsala.
Ntchito Yabwino ya Oyendetsa Ndege
Mayar wa ku UK akugwira ntchito m'maungwe a maulamuliro opatulidwa omwe amasiyana ndi chigawo, koma amagwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse monga kugwirizanitsa akuluakulu a boma, kusonkhanitsa mabungwe a kumaloko, mabungwe onyamula anthu, mabizinesi, ndi magulu a anthu. Mayor wa ku London, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi ulamuliro wolunjika pa Zoyendera za London (TfL) ndipo angakhazikitse miyezo ya galimoto kudutsa likululo. Ku Manchester, meya amagwira ntchito m'mbali mwa mabungwe khumi a mzinda kudzera mwa olamulira onse. Mabungwe ameneŵa amalola nduna za mzinda kubweretsa miyezo yovuta ku madera osiyanasiyana kapena zigawo kuti zigwirizane okha.
Meya ’ ndi ulamuliro kulengeza za ngozi yosatha [[FLT: 0] kapena kukhazikitsa malo osungira ndege za kumaloko zimapereka mphamvu yandale. Mameya ambiri agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu imeneyi kuwongolera mpweya kukhala njira zokulirapo zopitirizira kukula, thanzi la anthu, ndi kusagwirizana kwa anthu. Mwakutulutsa mpweya woyera monga zonse ziŵiri nkhani ya malo okhala ndi chiweruzo chaumoyo, a meya angapange chichirikizo chachikulu cha anthu omwe angayang'ane kuloŵerera kwa ena.
Mphamvu ndi Zolephera
Pamene kuli kwakuti oyang'anira magalimoto angasonkhezere kuyendetsa ndi kulinganiza, iwo samalamulira msonkho wa galimoto, miyezo ya mafuta, kapena malamulo a dziko a kutulutsa — izi zikutsala ku Westminster . Magawo a mathayo ameneŵa akutanthauza kuti kaŵirikaŵiri oyang'anira mameya ayenera kukambitsirana ndi boma lapakati kaamba ka ndalama ndi malamulo. Maytor wa London ’ ofesi ya maofesi [1] aitanira kaamba ka njira yamphamvu ya dziko pa dieselse tract tractive transsion ndi persition centive khawunsicrive cent cent. Mosasamala kanthu za kulephera kumeneku, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu za m'mizinda ingapo yapanga kuwongolera kwatanthauzo kwabwino.
Zochita za Makhotela Zopangidwa ndi UK Mayor
Anthu opanga mayeso kuzungulira bungwe la UK agwiritsa ntchito njira yamitundumitundu yochepetsera kuipitsa mpweya m’mizinda.
Kuyenda Molowera M’mwamba Ndiponso Kuyeretsedwa kwa Mpweya
Chida chowoneka kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu za kudera la chigawo cha Mediterranean ndi kukhazikitsa malo ovomerezeka (LEZ) kapena Descmone Monerac cone (CAZ]). Malo ameneŵa amaletsa kapena amayendetsa galimoto zowononga kwambiri kuchokera ku malo osankhidwa, kuwonjezera kuyeretsa galimoto kapena kuyendetsa zinthu zina. London &ctsquo; Ultra Lowfurce Social (ULEZ), kufutukulidwa mu 2023 kuphikira mabolo 32, kulipira magalimoto osafunikira kuyendetsa galimoto (EUro-E) ndi magalimoto amakono (EUro). Kuthandiza kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuthandiza kuyendetsa magalimoto ambiri kwa anthu a m'dziko, kuwonjezera magalimoto, kuthandizira magalimoto ambiri, kuyambira 2040, kuyendera limodzi ndi kuyendera magalimoto a madera ena a madera a madera a madera a madera a madera a madera a ku madera a ku madera a ku madera akutali, kuyambira ku madera a ku
Kugwira Bwino Ntchito ya Ziletso za Malo
Kusintha Zoyendera za Anthu Onse ndi Maulendo Oyenda Mokangalika
Kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha maulendo a galimoto zaumwini kuli pakati pa njira iliyonse ya kulimba kwa ndege. Maya awononga ndalama zambiri pokokera mabasi, kuwonjezera matram , ndi kuyendetsa zinthu. London ’ Hopper adalola basi ndi mabasi osatha mkati mwa ola limodzi kuti ayende ndalama imodzi, kulimbikitsa kusintha. Bee Network [FLT , 1] ku Greater Manchester, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Mayor Burnham , cholinga cha kupanga dongosolo la zoyendera zapoyera la onse ndi mabasi opanga magalimoto atsopano, mizere atsopano, ndi magalimoto atsopano. Ku West Midlands, Mayor Richard Parker adapanga kufukula makompyuta ndi kutumiza mabasi ambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kachipangizo ndi Kuyenda Pansi
Mayesi ayambanso kuyenda mokangalika m'njira zopatulidwa, njira zoyendera njinga, ndi madera oyenda pansi. London ’ s Cloimer Supehway ndi Thunneay aona maulendo oyendera mawilo akuwonjezeka ndi 80% kuyambira 2016. Manchester ’s £ 1.5 biliyoni za mapulani oyendera ndi kuyendetsa zinthu akuphatikizapo makilomita 1.
Malo Obiriwira ndi Nkhalango Za m’Matauni
Kumera kungagwirizanitse zoipitsa, kupereka mthunzi, ndi kuwongolera kuyenda kwa mpweya. Magule agwirizanitsa malo obiriŵira ndi njira zawo za kukonza malo atsopano oyendera mphepo mwa kupanga mapaki atsopano, kubzala mitengo m'makorishi, ndi kuika zipupa zobiriŵira pa nyumba. Grey kwa Green[[[FLD:1] ] nkhalango ya ku Sheffield, yotsogozedwa ndi bungwe la mzinda logwirizanitsa ndi meya wa chigawo, kukonzanso njanjiri ya sitima yamphamvu ku malo ozungulira a mvula ndi zomera. London ’ nkhalango ya Urban Strotery kuwonjezera mtengo kuchokera 21% mpaka 2050.
Zopereka za Ndalama ndi Chichirikizo cha Kuyeretsa Maledzero
Kufulumiza kusintha kwa galimoto zoyendera, maloya akhazikitsa ndalama za magalimoto amagetsi, kuchirikiza kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi makonzedwe a magalimoto akale, owononga zinthu. Magalimoto a London Mayor ’ ma Scrappage Schemical amapereka ndalama ku £ 2,000 za nyumba zotsika ndi mabizinesi aang'ono kuti achotsemo galimoto zosagwirizana. Mzinda wa Manchester ’ Clean Moyer Coant wir imaphatikizapo Napond; 120 miliyoni ya ndalama yothandizira eni HGV, mabasi, ndi matekisi ochirikiza makampani a kujambula zithunzithunzi. Authority adayambitsanso programu yofanana ya magalimoto a ku Westerneyney.
Kufufuza ndi Kukhazikitsa Lamulo la Kufufuza
Njira yogwira ntchito imafunikira kuyang'anira molondola. Majeremusi awonjezera makompyuta a zojambulajambula za pandege kuti apereke chidziŵitso chenicheni chanthaŵi kwa anthu ndi kupenda kugwira ntchito. London ’s Central (Breathe London) [Manete a'at [1] amaphatikizapo makompyuta osonyeza kukwera kwa makompyuta ndi maluso apamwamba a pandege. ATCS ili losavuta kupezeka poyera kudzera pa Intaneti, kutheketsa anthu kukhala ndi nzeru zokhudza ulendo ndi ntchito yapanja. Manchester akugwira ntchito yotumiza makompyuta a mabodia ndi oyendera zinthu zimene zimaloŵetsa m'dzikolowera U-IRCU .
Zotsatirapo Zoyelekezela: Zotulukapo Zake Zinapambana M’dziko la UK
Ngakhale kuti padakali mavuto ambiri, njira zambiri zoyendetsera ndege m’dzikolo zikuthandiza kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyendera m’ndege.
London: Chiyambukiro cha ULEZ
London ’ ULEZ amaonedwa kukhala njira yapamwamba ndi yothandiza kwambiri ya ndege m'dzikolo mu UK. Pakati pa 2017 ndi 2023, NO2 ku London pakati pa chaka cha 46%, ndipo mlingo wa PMS2. Magalimoto okumana ndi ULEZ anakwera kuchokera pa 39% mpaka 95% m'chigawo. Kuphatikiza pa chidziŵitso, njirayi yasintha chikhalidwe: kulembetsa kwamagetsi ku London, ndipo takisi ndi magalimoto a paokha tsopano akuyendera mafilimu a magetsi.
Birmingham: Kupindula Mwamsanga ndi CaZ
Birmingham ’ Sceo Demora, yomwe inayambitsidwa mu June 2021, yapereka kutsika kwa 20% kwa ma No2 pa makompyuta a m'mphepete mwa chigawo. Mzindawo unachitira lipoti kutsika kwa 27% kwa galimoto zosakhala zoloŵa m'chigawocho m’chaka choyamba. Chiwembucho chikuyembekezeredwa kubweretsa Birmingham ku kugwirizana ndi malire a No2 mu 2025, zaka khumi zapitazo kuposa pamene chinakhazikitsidwa popanda kuloŵerera.
Manchester: Anafika Mosazengereza
Masterster ’s Ceac Moyer Zone, zopangidwa mu May 2022 kaamba ka magalimoto aakulu, zatsogolera ku chiŵerengero cha 37% pakati pa HGV ndi alangizi, kuchokera pa 20% chigawocho chisanayambe. Bee Network [ yawonjezera kale kugulitsidwa kwa basi ndi 11% m'chaka chake choyamba, kuchepetsa maulendo a galimoto ndi kutulutsa kogwirizana. Komabe, chosankha cha kuchedwa kuyendetsa galimoto zapadera chachepetsa mphamvu ya chigawo cha ’ss pa milingo yonse yofanana ndi London ndi Birming.
Zitokoso Zopitirizabe ndi Kusuliza
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikusintha kwambiri, meya amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu poyeretsa mpweya wa m’mizinda.
Kupeza Ndalama Zokwanira ndi Kusamalira Thanzi Lathu
Malo ambiri a mlengalenga oyera amayendetsedwa ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi boma lalikulu, koma zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi malire a nthaŵi. Mwachitsanzo, Greater Manchester CAZ, imadalira pa phukusi yochirikiza kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Environment, Food ndi Cural Affairs . Ndalama zikatha, mtengo wa kusungitsa, kuyang'anira, ndi kulankhulana kwa anthu kwayamba kulowa kwa akuluakulu a boma. Mayalo aitanira kaamba ka malo a ndalama zothandizira ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera ndalama zambiri, monga ngati kukhoza kusungitsa kukwera kwa oyendetsa ndege kapena kuimika kuti abwezeretsedwenso ntchito yoyendera yoyera.
Kutsutsa kwa Anthu ndi Kuda Nkhaŵa
Kuchepa kwa magalimoto olandira ndalama zochepa kwambiri amene ali ndi magalimoto achikulire, osagwirizana ndi osakhoza kukwera . ULEZ kukafika kunja kwa London mu 2023 anakumana ndi chitsutso choopsa kuchokera kwa nzika zina ndi mabungwe akwawo, ndi kunena kuti inali ma “ mtukiti pa osauka. ” Maysters ayankha ndi mapulani opatulidwa ndi kusachotsedwa kwa anthu olumala ndi antchito otchuka, koma kutsutsa kwa anthu onse kudakali ngozi ya ndale. Kulinganiza malo okhala ndi anthu onse kuli vuto lobwerezabwereza.
Kuletsedwa kwa Malamulo ndi Lamulo
Oyendetsa galimoto sangapereke msonkho watsopano kwa mmodzi kapena kuyambitsa kutsegulidwa popanda chilolezo cha Mlembi wa Boma ku Transport. Kuchedwa kwa Manchester ’ galimoto zaumwini zozembetsa mu CAZ zinachokera ku kukakamiza kwa boma lalikulu kuti apeze umboni. Miyezo ya kutulutsa msonkho wa dziko ndi kulipira mafuta imakhazikitsidwa ku London, kutanthauza kuti oyang'anira ayenera kugwira ntchito modetsedwa ndi kuchepetsa kusintha kwa zinthu.
Mpweya Wabwino M’nyumba ndi Magwero Opanda Ndege
Njira zambiri za meya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zoyendera, koma kutentha kwa m’nyumba (makamaka kutentha matabwa) ndi kutulutsa mpweya m’maindasitale kumachititsanso kuti pakhale PMS. Oyendetsa sitima asakhale ndi mphamvu zomanga ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nkhuni. Matauni ena, kuphatikizapo London ndi Edinburgh, ayambitsa chiletso cha zitofu zoyaka nkhuni pa zinthu zatsopano, koma malamulo a boma ndi ofooka.
Kufufuza Koyerekezera kwa Maupandu: Kusiyana Kukudutsa Matauni
Kufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera mzinda uliwonse kumasonyeza kuti pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera mzindawo komanso kufunika kwa mmene zinthu zilili m’deralo.
London: Zaka Khumi za Ntchito Yosonkhezera
Pansi pa Mayos Boris Johnson, Sadiq Khan, ndi kupitirizabe pansi pa meya wamakono, London wagwiritsira ntchito njira yopendeka: LEZ (2008), ULEZ (209, anafutukula 2021 ndi 2023), Congestion Price (2003, ndi kukwera), ndi T-Charge (2017). Makoma a T-Charge (2017) amamanga pa yapitayo. Chotulukacho ndicho chingwe cholimba chimene chagwetsa mofulumira kuposa mzinda uliwonse wa UK. Komabe, mtengo wa ULZ wakula ndi mabolobe ena akunja a London akuona [FL:] [1] Magalimoto atsopano opangika [FFFON]
Kukulu kwa Manchester: Ubwenzi ndi Kugwirizanitsidwa
Andy Burnham ’ njira zagogomezera kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madeti. Dera la Deseat la galimoto zamphamvu linayambitsidwa pambuyo pofufuza kwambiri, ndi cholinga chopereka chithandizo cha ndalama kuti atetezere ntchito ndi mabizinesi aang'ono. Chigamulo cha kuchedwetsa kugula galimoto zaumwini chinaikidwa monga kudziŵitsidwa kwa mavuto a moyo. Kutsatira kumeneku kwathandiza anthu ambiri kukhala ndi chichirikizo koma kwachepetsa kuwongolera kwa mkhalidwe wa mpweya. Magulu ena akutsutsa kuti Manchester ’ chenjezo lasiya kumbuyo kwa London ndi Birmingham.
Birmingham: Kuwonongedwa kwa Mwamsanga ndi Chipani cha Gawo la Chitsutso
Birmingham ’ CaZ adayambitsidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa chitokoso chalamulo kuchokera ku ntchito ya boma ya Trest Worldwide. Mtsogoleri Andry Street anagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi bungwe la mzinda kukhazikitsa dera limene linakuta mzinda ndi njira zazikulu za arterial. CaZ wakhala wogwira ntchito, koma mzinda ’ geography — ndi nzika zambiri zimene zimakhala pafupi ndi A38 ndi A4540 &mdash ; kutanthauza kuti chiŵerengero chachikulu cha antchito a tsiku ndi tsiku chayambukiridwa. Ulamuliro wogwirizanawo wapereka chichirikizo cha ndalama, koma wachepetsa machenjera a kufunkha kwapansi kuposa mmene anayembekezerera.
Malangizo a M’tsogolo ndi Kuphatikizana
Poyang’ana kutsogolo, oyang’anira mzinda akufufuza njira zatsopano zolimbitsira mphamvu ya malamulo awo a kulimba kwa mpweya.
Kuntchito Kupalasa Mapaki a Malevi
Nottingham wakhala akuyendetsa bwino ntchito yoimika galimoto kuyambira 2012.
Kuloŵetsedwamo kwa Sukulu ndi Zipatala
Meya wa mzinda ambiri akuyendetsa Maseŵero a School Street [1] amene amatsekereza masewera akunja panthaŵi ya kugwa ndi kukwera kwa nthaŵi. London ili ndi madongosolo oposa 400 otero, ndipo Manchester wadzipereka kuyambitsa 100 podzafika 2025. Malo oyera a m’chipatala alinso mfundo ina yomwe ikuyambika, ndi cholinga cha kuteteza odwala ndi antchito osavuta kugwidwa.
Kulimbana ndi Zolinga za Nyengo
Mayay akulinganiza mowonjezereka mitu ya mpweya ndi zolinga za kaboni. A London ’ Net-Zero 2030 njira imafunikira kuchepetsa 70% ya zoulutsira za misewu, imene ingachititse kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino. Mwa kugwirizanitsa madesiki aŵiri, oyang'anira angayambitse ndalama kuchokera ku bajeti yokonza nyengo ndi kukopa kutsatsa malonda achinsinsi a tekinoloji yoyera.
Mapeto ake: Atsogoleri Opitirizabe
Mameya a UK asonyeza kuti utsogoleri wa kumaloko angawongolere bwino kwambiri ku mlengalenga za m’tauni, ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yapakati ya boma. Mwa kutsika kwa makampani oyendetsa zinthu, kukonza zoyendera anthu, kukonza zinthu zobiriwira, ndi zisonkhezero za makhalidwe, mizinda monga London, Birmingham, ndi Manchester wapeza kuchepetsa zinthu zoipitsa. Komabe nkhondoyo ndi kutali kwambiri. Kuchirikiza ndalama, kulephera kwa anthu, ndi kulephera kwa mphamvu za meya, ndi kumangidwa kwa maulamuliro kumakhalabethyolee ndi zopinga zazikulu. Maboma achipambano kwambiri adzakhala awo amene angasungebe chidaliro chapo mwa kulankhulana kwa anthu, njira zosavuta kupambana, ndi kuona malo apadera omwe amaika mpweya woyera mumtima wa thanzi, wotchuka kwambiri m’mizinda. Monga momwe mizinda ina padziko lonse lapansi amayang'ana ku UK kaamba ka ka kachitidwe kake kakhalidwe kabwino kake kabwino kankhondo kankhondo kankhondo kankhondo kankhondo kankhondo.