Kusamvana kwa Zaumoyo m’Matauni: Vuto Lomakulakula

Malo a m’matauni ku United Kingdom amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu ndi osakhazikika kwa thanzi amene ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mikhalidwe ya kakhalidwe ka anthu, malo okhala, ndi kupezeka kwa mautumiki a zaumoyo. Anthu okhala ndi malo okhala osoŵa m’mizinda monga Manchester, Birmingham, ndi mbali zina za London amavutika kwambiri ndi thanzi kuposa amene ali m’madera olemera. Mipata ya moyo wa zaka makumi khumi ilipo pakati pa maiko osiyanasiyana mumzinda umodzi, ndi matenda osachiritsika monga asima, shuga, ndi matenda a mtima ndi kuchuluka kwadzaoneni m’midzi imene ili yopanda malo obiriwira, kuyang'anizana ndi kuipitsa kwapamwamba, ndipo ili ndi kupereŵeruka kwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi.

Akuluakulu a boma ndi oyang'anira malo ali ndi udindo wapadera wosamalira malamulo ameneŵa. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la dziko limakhazikitsa maziko aakulu a ndalama za NHS ndi zaumoyo wa anthu, kuli ku mlingo wa mzinda ndi chigawo kuti zambiri za zoletsa za umoyo wa anthu, zachuma, ndi malo okhala zikhoza kusonkhezeredwa kwambiri. Oyendetsa malowo ali ndi mphamvu yokonza nyumba, zoyendera, miyezo yapamwamba ya ndege, ndi chitaganya, zimene zili ndi ziyambukiro zachindunji pathupi ndi maganizo abwino. Mbali yawo siingokhala ya zandale ndi yadongosolo, ikufuna kuti agwirizane ndi anzawo kudutsa m'mabungwe, othandizira malonda, ndi kutsimikizira kuti mawu a nzika zosatetezeka zambiri amvedwe m’zo.

Ntchito ya Adzudzuli m’Zaumoyo za Onse

Mayanti akuonedwa mowonjezereka kukhala atsogoleri osuliza m'kufuna zaumoyo wolingana. Mosiyana ndi akuluakulu oikidwa pakati, osankhidwa mwachindunji m'mizinda yonga London, Great Manchester, ndi West Midwands ali ndi ulamuliro wa democracy ndi pulogalamu yowoneka imene imawalola kuwongolera thanzi kukhala chinthu chachikulu. Chisonkhezero chawo chimafalikira m'madera osiyanasiyana amene anthu onse akukhalamo, ntchito, ndi msinkhu wawo.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito za Malamulo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Njira Zake

Malamulo oyendetsera opezeka kwa oyang'anira malo ndi aakulu. Panyumba, malo okhoza kusungidwa ndi nyumba, kusungidwa kwa malamulo a magetsi ndi kuloŵetsa mpweya, ndi kusungitsa maprogramu otetezera kusoŵa pokhala. Pazoyendera, iwo angapange njira zoyendera zokangalika monga kayendedwe ndi madera oyenda pansi pa nthaka, kufutukula madongosolo a zoyendera za anthu onse kuti achepetse kudalira kwa galimoto, ndi kuyambitsa malo ochepetsa kuipitsa mpweya. Pamalo ozungulira, angapange ndi kutetezera malo obiriŵira, mitengo ya zomera, ndi kuchirikiza njira zoyendera zomangira za m'matauni. Chimodzi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zimenezi chili ndi chiyambukiro chokhoza kuchepetsa thanzi la anthu onse. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa Ultra Ouctrogis Force ku London kwagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a mpweya m'madzi a nitrobiod dioxide, zimene zimasintha mikhalidwe pakati pa ana achikulire.

Oyendetsa mayeso angaperekenso ntchito zaumoyo ku madera ena. Kaya imalimbikitsa katemera kutenga, kulimbikitsa kulimbitsa thupi, kapena kudziŵitsa za ntchito zothandizira anthu odwala matenda a maganizo, ndawala zolinganizidwa kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri zimakwaniritsa pangano laubwenzi lapamwamba kuposa la mtundu chifukwa chakuti angasinthidwe ndi chinenero, chikhalidwe, ndi njira zolankhulira za anthu ena. Ndiponso, oyang'anira magalimoto angapangitse kupenda zaumoyo m’mbali zonse za njira zonga ngati kupenda kwa thanzi, kutsimikizira kuti chosankha chilichonse chochitidwa ndi oyang’anira mzinda chikhoza kupendedwa kaamba ka ziyambukiro zake za thanzi.

Kuthandizana ndi Mphamvu

Kuwongolera kokhazikika kwa thanzi la anthu sikungafikiridwe popanda kukhala ndi phande lamphamvu la anthu amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa zinthu. Ofufuza ali ndi udindo wopanga nyumba zimene zimathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ogwirizana. Izi zimaloŵetsamo kukhazikitsa malo ochitiramo misonkhano yapoyera. Kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malo ochitiramo misonkhano, kugwirizana ndi magulu a chikhulupiriro ndi mabungwe aufulu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu a zamankhwala amene amapatsa anthu mphamvu yodzisungira bwino. M’mizinda imene pangano la chitaganya lakhala lidakalipo, anthu akuchitira lipoti mlingo wokulira wa kudalirana m'mabungwe akwawo ndi kufunitsitsa kutenga nawo mbali m'nkhani za zaumoyo monga mapulogalamu a pulogalamu a za za pulogalamu ndi mautumiki oyendetsa za za za za kulemera.

Kugwirizana kwa chitaganya kumathandizanso oyang'anira malo ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo a anthu kuzindikira zopinga zapadera zimene magulu osiyanasiyana amayang'anizana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a mafuko ochepa angakumane ndi zopinga za chikhalidwe kapena zachinenero pamene akupeza chithandizo cha mankhwala, pamene mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa angavutike ndi ulendo wokaikidwa kapena nthaŵi yofunikira kupezekapo panthaŵi ya ntchito. Mwa kumvetsera zokumana nazo za moyo, oyang'anira angapange mautumiki amene ali othekadi ndi ophatikizapo. Kupanga zimenezi sikungowongolera chabe zotulukapo za thanzi komanso kumalimbitsanso kugwirizana ndi mayanjano a anthu ndi democracy.

Mavuto Amene Amakhalapo Pothetsa Mavuto a M’matauni

Ngakhale kuti amalimbikitsa kwambiri, oyang’anira mzinda amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu poyesa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thanzi. Mavutowo amakhala osiyanasiyana ndipo amafunika kuti apitirizebe kulimbikira, kukonza zinthu, ndiponso kugwirizana m’boma lonse.

Kupereka Ndalama Zothandiza Anthu Ovutika ndi Kutha kwa Chuma

Chimodzi cha zopinga zosatha kwambiri ndicho kuchepa kwa ndalama. Maulamuliro a m'dzikolo akhala ndi zaka za kusoŵa kwa ndalama. Ndalama za ku UK, zokhala ndi bajeti ya thanzi la anthu onse, kusamalira anthu, ndi ntchito zina zofunika zimachepetsedwa. Nthaŵi zambiri a mameya ayenera kugwira ntchito zolimba, kupanga zosankha zovuta kuti apereke ndalama ndipo kuti abwezere ndalama zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphete ya zaumoyo kwachepa, kusiya zosankha za kumaloko kukhala zosavuta kutsalira zitsenderezo za ndale. Kusamalira ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama kumafuna kuti ayang'anira malowo akwane bwino pamlingo wa dziko lonse, kupanga chosungira ndalama zotetezera pa nthaŵi yaitali ya NHS ndi chuma cha anthu ambiri.

Kusiyapo ndalama za boma, mameya angafufuze kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu a m'zigawo, maziko a zopereka, ndi masukulu a zamaphunziro. Zogwirizana za kakhalidwe ndi ntchito yogwirizana ndi zotsatira zake ndizo njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama zimene zagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mizinda ina kupezera ndalama zotetezera. Komabe, maluso ameneŵa amafunikira madongosolo otsogola kwambiri ndi kufunitsitsa kugawana ndi ena. Mayster ayeneranso kutsimikizira kuti makonzedwe a kugwirizana sikumasokoneza kuŵerengera mlandu kwa anthu kapena kutsogolera ku mikangano ya chikondwerero.

Kulankhula ndi Anthu Ofuna Thanzi

Kusiyana kwa thanzi sikumachititsidwa makamaka ndi kusiyana kwa mautumiki a zaumoyo; kumasonkhezeredwa ndi anthu oletsa thanzi, kuphatikizapo ndalama, maphunziro, ntchito, nyumba, ndi malo akuthupi. Kuchotsa zochititsa zimenezi kumafuna njira yonse imene imaposa njira za kakhalidwe ka anthu. Mayeso ayenera kugwira ntchito m'madipatimenti a zaumoyo, limodzinso ndi anzawo akunja, kuti apange njira zothandizira mavuto monga umphaŵi, mafuta, chakudya, kusatetezeka, ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera thanzi la ana okhala m'madera osauka kumafuna kuchita mogwirizana pa mkhalidwe wa nyumba, maphunziro a zaka zoyambirira, kuchirikiza ntchito ya makolo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chabwino. Palibe kuloŵerera kokwanira. Chifukwa chake kuyenera kuchirikiza ntchito yowoloka ndi kutsimikizira kuti kusamala thanzi ndilo lamulo lotsogolera m'mbali zonse za malamulo. Zimenezi zimafuna utsogoleri wamphamvu, kuona bwino, ndi kukhoza kuyendetsa zinthu zopikisana ndi zandale ndi zaumoyo. Zimafunanso kuona zinthu moyenera kwa nthaŵi yaitali, monga momwe mapindu a kulankhula ndi oletsa anthu olimbana ndi matenda angatengere zaka zambiri kapena ngakhale makumi ambiri.

Kufika pa Thanzi la Ulendo Wam’tauni

M’nyengo ya kusintha kwakukulu kwa zinthu ndi makompyuta, meya ali ndi mipata yoposapo yogwiritsira ntchito umboni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu kuukira. Nkhani za matenda, ntchito, malo okhala, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zingathandize kuzindikira anthu ndi nkhani zimene zimafunika chisamaliro chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, makampani a zaumoyo amalola kuti makampani a zaumoyo achulukitse zinthu zoipitsa mpweya ndi zipatala za Asma, zomwe zimaonetsa kuti anthu akufunika kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.

Komabe, njira zopimira chidziŵitso zilinso ndi mavuto. Kuchuluka kwa ubongo ndi kupezeka kwake kumasiyana pakati pa akuluakulu a boma, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri pali kuchepa pakati pa zolemba ndi ntchito yake popanga zosankha. Zodetsa nkhaŵa zachinsinsi ziyenera kuyang'anizidwa mosamalitsa, makamaka pogwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha zaumoyo. Mayeso ayenera kuphatikiza mu zotengera za makompyuta, mphamvu ya ubongo, ndi mapangano ogwirizanitsa mapangano amene amayenderana ndi miyezo yalamulo ndi ya makhalidwe abwino. Ndiponso, chidziŵitso sichiyenera kuonedwa kukhala choloŵa mmalo pangano la ukwati wa chitaganya. Numeri amafotokoza mbali ina ya nkhanizo, koma samatengera zokumana nazo. Njira yolinganizika imene imaphatikiza umboni ndi chidziŵitso cha anthu odziŵa zinthu kuchokera ku madera nkofunika.

Office for Health Reformation and Dispansities imapereka chitsogozo ndi ziŵiya za chidziŵitso zimene akuluakulu akumaloko angagwiritsire ntchito kudziŵikitsa ntchito yawo ndi kudziŵikitsa malo oyamba. Mayeso amene ali okhoza kumanga timagulu tamphamvu ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha kupanga maumboni adzakonzeka bwinopo kupanga njira zothandizira, kuyang'anira kupita patsogolo, ndi kusonyeza mphamvu ya masheyansi ndi anthu onse.

Kugwirizana kwa Wopereka Thanzi

Palibe gulu limodzi kapena mbali imene ingathetseretu kusiyana kwa thanzi m’tauni. Oimba ayenera kuchita zinthu monga mapangano, kubweretsa pamodzi kuchokera ku NHS, boma lakwawo, makampani a nyumba, akuluakulu a zamalonda, opereka maphunziro, mabizinesi, ndi chigawo cha ufulu ndi cha anthu. Lingaliro la ntchito za malo a ntchito lapeza malo m'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mabungwe athanzi, madongosolo oyendera limodzi, ndi maulamuliro ogwirizana opereka madongosolo a ntchito a ntchito a .

Greater Manchester imapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha njira imeneyi. Great Manchester Drined Authority, ndi meya wake wosankhidwa mwachindunji, yapanga kuwongolera kwa thanzi kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Mwa makonzedwe ake ochepetsa thanzi ndi kasamaliridwe ka anthu, mzinda wakhala wokhoza kugwirizanitsa mautumiki mogwira mtima, kugwirizanitsa zotsalira zathanzi, ndi maprogramu atsopano monga ngati kutumiza ndi kuyendetsa ndege zaumoyo wa anthu. Meyayo wagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake zotetezera ku mapangano a zaumoyo kwa osamalira nyumba, akuluakulu a za mayendedwe, ndi olemba ntchito kuchirikiza zolinga zaumoyo za chigawo.

Kugwirizana kopindulitsa sikumangofuna zinthu; kumafuna kukhulupirirana, zolinga zogaŵikana, ndi kuŵerengera bwino mlandu. Oyendetsa ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthaŵi yomanga maunansi ndi anzawo, kugwirizanitsa zosonkhezera, ndi kupanga njira zothetsera kusagwirizana. Ayeneranso kutsimikizira kuti kugwirizana sikungathetsedwe kokha, koma kumafuna kuwongolera zinthu. Kupenda kwanthaŵi zonse, kusimba motsimikiza, ndi kuŵerengera kwa anthu ndiko mbali zofunika za njira ya chipambano ya kugwirizana.

Komiti ya Boma ya ku malo a kufupi ndi dziko lapansi imapereka ziŵiya ndi kufufuza kwa nkhani za mmene maulamuliro akumaloko angayambitsire kugwirizana kwa magulu a anthu kuti awongolere thanzi la anthu. Kuphunzira kuchokera ku mizinda ina, ponse paŵiri ku UK ndi maiko ena, kungathandize oyang'anira malo kupeŵa mbuna ndi kutengera njira zotsimikiziridwa.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Aumoyo Okhala ndi Mayare Oyamba ku Mizinda ya UK

Mizinda ingapo ya UK yasonyeza zimene zingachitike ngati meya wachita zinthu zothandiza kwambiri pa zaumoyo wa anthu.

London: Ndege Yoyera ndi Yoyenda Mokangalika

Mayor wa London wapanganso kupeka kwa mpweya kukhala chikalata. Kutsegulira ndi kufutukuka kwa Ultra Low Eugging Zone, limodzi ndi kuikizira kampani za zoyendera ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda, zathandizira kuwongolera kokhala ndi mpweya ndi kuchepetsa kulowa m'zipatala kaamba ka mikhalidwe ya kupuma. Meya wagwiritsiranso ntchito mphamvu zolinganiza zinthu zatsopano kuphatikizapo malo obiriŵira ndi kupezeka kwa zakudya zabwino. Pamene kuli kwakuti mavuto atsala, makamaka kunja kwa London, chisamaliro cha kuwona za umoyo wa anthu chaika chizindikiro ku mizinda ina.

Greater Manchester: Chisinthiko ndi Kukwera M’dziko

Monga momwe kwatchulidwira, Greater Manchester wagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake zopatulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi thanzi ndi mayanjano, kusintha kwa chuma cha anthu kuchinjiriza ndi mautumiki a chitaganya. Meya wachirikiza Makester Fair Parade, imene imalongosola mwachindunji kusalingana kwa thanzi kupyolera pa umphaŵi, nyumba, ndi ntchito. Kulingalira kwa mzinda wa GPS kumatchula odwala ntchito za anthu, kumene ntchito za m’mudzi monga kulima kapena maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, kwatamandidwa kwambiri ndipo kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kulikonse. [[FT: 0] Health Foundation Foundation , ndi kufalitsa zofufuza za kusintha kwa umoyo kwa Greaterlinean, zonse ziŵiri zopanga ndi kumene kupita patsogolo kwa kachitidwe.

Birmingham: Kuloŵetsedwamo m’Malo Osungiramo Oletsedwa

Birmingham ali ndi chimodzi cha ziŵerengero zapamwamba za ana onenepa kwambiri ku UK, okhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madaradi olemera ndi osoŵa. Meya, wogwira ntchito ndi bungwe la tauni ndi NHS, wachirikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zoloŵera, kuphatikizapo maprogramu a sukulu aulere, chakudya cha pa holide, ndi makalasi ophikira a anthu. Mzindawu waikanso mapaki ndi malo ochezera kuti ulimbikitse zochita zathupi pakati pa ana ndi mabanja. Zisonyezero zoyambirira zikusonyeza kuti njira zimenezi zikuchepetsa kukwera kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu osoŵa ndalama zambiri.

Liverpool: Kulankhula ndi Anthu a Matenda a Maganizo ndi Odzipatula

Liverpool adanena kuti thanzi la maganizo ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu ndizo zofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la onse. Meya wachirikiza kuyambitsidwa kwa malo a zaumoyo a anthu amene amapereka chithandizo cha maganizo, kuyanjana ndi mautumiki a anthu achikulire. Mzindawu wayambitsanso mapulogalamu ophunzitsa antchito ankhondo m’nyumba, malaibulale, ndi mautumiki a zamwambo owathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuchirikiza anthu amene ali pangozi ya kudwala maganizo. Kuyesayesa kumeneku kwakhala kofunika kwambiri makamaka m'miliri ya COVID-19, imene inavumbula ndi kuchirikiza kusagwirizana komwe kulipo.

Malangizo ndi Chiyeneretso Chamtsogolo

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, malo a mameya kudutsa UK ayenera kukulitsa kudzipereka kwawo ku ukhondo wa kagwiridwe ntchito kabwino ndi kutengera njira yadongosolo, yodziŵa bwino zinthu, ndi ya m'chitaganya. Zinthu zambiri zofunika zimawonekera m’zaka zikubwerazi.

Kufufuza Kuti Tisadziteteze

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akuvomereza kuti kuletsa ndi kwabwino kuposa kuchiritsa, ndalama zowonongedwa zaumoyo wa anthu zidakali mbali yochepa ya bajeti yonse ya thanzi. Mayere ayenera kupitirizabe kuchirikiza kuwonjezereka kwa zopereka za ntchito zotetezera, kuphatikizapo zaka zoyambirira za kuloŵerera, kuchirikiza maganizo, ndi maprogramu amene amasamalira anthu oletsa thanzi. Ayeneranso kufunafuna kutetezera ndalama zapamalowo kuti atetezere, kuzitetezera ku zodulidwa za kanthaŵi.

Kulimbikitsa Mphamvu ya M’chitaganya

Mautumiki a zaumoyo amene apangidwa ndi kuperekedwa mogwirizana ndi anthu ali okhutiritsa kwambiri ndi ochiritsika kwambiri. Magazi ayenera kuchirikiza kuyambika kwa akatswiri a zaumoyo wa anthu, makampani ochirikiza ausinkhu wawo, ndi njira zoperekera ndalama zimene zimapatsa anthu mphamvu yeniyeni pa mmene ndalama zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Magulu opatsa mphamvu samangowongolera kokha zotulukapo za thanzi komanso amakulitsa kulimba kwa mayanjano ndi kuchepetsa zofunikiritsa pa mautumiki apamwamba.

Thanzi Logwirizana ndi Chikhalidwe Chonse

Madokotala a zaumoyo amafunika kuti madipatimenti onse a m’boma aganizire za mmene zosankha zawo zilili. Ajuga angatsogolere mwachitsanzo, kutsimikizira kuti lipoti lililonse loperekedwa ku ulamuliro kapena ku bungwe la mzinda limaphatikizapo kupenda kwabwino kwa thanzi. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuletsa malamulo m’madera monga nyumba, zoyendera, kapena kutukuka kwa zachuma kuti asakule.

Luso la Zopangapanga Lokhalako ndi Kusintha

Zida zamakono, kuphatikizapo telehealth , kuyang'anira kutali, ndi makompyuta, zimapereka mipata yatsopano yofikira anthu otsala ndi kuchirikiza magetsi. Ma May ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu amene alibe Intaneti kapena luso lamakono athe kupeza njira zolankhulirana. Kusintha zinthu kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kupenda zinthu zimene zilipo, kutsimikizira kuti luso la zopangapanga silingawonjezere zinthu zimene zilipo.

Kumanga Maungwe M’madera Ena

Malo a zaumoyo sangokhala m'madera a mzinda. Mameya ayenera kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu a m'dera lapafupi, mabungwe a zaumoyo, ndi opanga malamulo a dziko kuti agwirizane ndi kugawana zinthu. Bungwe la UK Health Equity Network ndi mapangano ofanana ndi ameneŵa amathandiza kuti anthu aphunzire ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito. Mwa kugwira ntchito pamodzi, oyang'anira angawonjezere chisonkhezero chawo ndi kupita patsogolo kwambiri ku malo aumoyo oyenera.

The The King’s Fund and other health policy organisations have produced extensive research on the role of local leadership in reducing health inequalities. Mayors who draw on this evidence base and engage with peers across the country will be better positioned to drive meaningful change in their own cities.

Kumaliza

Kusiyana kwa thanzi m'matauni mu UK sikumapeŵeka kapena sikumavuta. Maya, okonzekeretsedwa ndi ulamuliro wa demokrase, kutengera kwa kagulu kampatuko, ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa madera awo, amapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera ku thanzi lochuluka. Mwa kuteteza anthu, kukambirana ndi anthu, kulankhula ndi oletsa anthu, ndiponso kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chotsogolera, angapange malo amene angathandize anthu onse kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mavutowo ndi aakulu, koma ndi mwayi wochitapo kanthu. Mwa kusungitsa ndalama, ndi kuthandizana ndi mizinda, mizinda ingakhale yathanzi, ingakhale malo abwino kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amawaitana kunyumba kwawo.