Chiyambi ndi Chisinthiko cha Chitetezo cha Dzikolo

Maziko a United States National Guard akubwerera ku asilikali a atsamunda a ku ma 1600. Ku Massachusetts, madongosolo a asilikali oyamba adapangidwa mu 1636(a deti limene tsopano likudziŵika monga kubadwa kwa dongosolo la National Guide. Nzika zimenezi zinaphunzitsidwa nthaŵi zonse koma zinagwira ntchito zausilikali, kuyankha foni kokha pamene dziko lawo linaukiridwa. Chitsanzo cha chitetezo cha dzikolo chinatengedwa ndi kuukira kwa America, kumene magulu a asilikali anamenyana ku Lexington ndi Concordar, ndipo pambuyo pake anapanga gulu la Ankhondo ya George Washington Continal Army pa nthaŵi ya nkhondo yowombana.

Pambuyo pa kudziimira, Militia Acts ya 1792 yolinganizidwa bwino ya magulu ankhondo a boma ndi kufuna kuti mwamuna aliyense woyera wokhoza kutumikira. M’zaka za zana la 19, magulu a boma ameneŵa anasintha kukhala madongosolo ongodzipereka olinganizidwa bwino, odziŵika monga “asilikali olinganizidwa. [1] Dick Act ya 1903 Dick Act [Act ya 1903] inaika chizindikiro chosinthira: inachititsa kuti bungwe lamakono la National Guard pokhazikitsa magulu ankhondo a boma, kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma ndi kukhazikitsa maphunziro anthaŵi zonse. Boma lachiŵirili linakhala mbali ya GALAMU la GALAMU lolongosola za a polisi chifukwa cha zochitika za m'banja kapena Pulezidenti wa nkhondo.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, bungwe la National Guard linali litasiya kusonkhanitsa malo oteteza a m'deralo n’kukhala mbali ya chigawo cha asilikali a ku United States.

Nkhondo Yadziko ya I: Kulonda Kumaiko Akumadzulo

Pamene United States analoŵa m'Nkhondo Yadziko I mu 1917, National Guard inagawiridwa mofulumira ndi kupangidwa kukhala magaŵano. Chotchuka kwambiri chinali “Rainbow" [42] Division [1] [1] Galumet yophatikizapo asilikali ochokera ku maboma 26. Ilo linamenya nkhondo zazikulu kuphatikizapo Château-Thierry, Saint-Mihiel, ndi Meuse-Argonne yotsutsa. Magawa ena monga 26 (Yake) ndi 29th (Blue), adaonanso nkhondo yaikulu. Asilikali 3800,000 ankhondo anamenyana ndi ku Ulaya, limodzi ndi pafupifupi anthu 100,000 amene anafa.

Nkhondoyo inatsimikizira kuti asilikaliwo anali okonzeka komanso kusoŵa zida ndi maphunziro. Magulu ambiri a asilikali anafika ku France ndi mfuti kuchokera ku nkhondo ya Spanya-American ndipo anafunikira kuphunzitsidwanso ndi asilikali anthaŵi zonse. Mosasamala kanthu za mavuto ameneŵa, asilikali a nzika za dzikolo analemekezedwa ndi akuluakulu a dziko lina. Oyang’anira a National Guard anatsimikizira kuti gulu lankhondo lanthaŵi imodzi likhoza kumenyana ndi asilikali amakono a m'maindasitale.

Pambuyo pa Armistice, Alonda anachotsedwa ndi kubwezeredwa ku ulamuliro wa boma, komano anamangidwanso pang’onopang’ono m'ma 1920 ndi 1930. Maphunziro a Nkhondo Yadziko I anatsogolera ku kuyanjana kwabwino ndi Army yanthaŵi zonse . Kusintha kumene kukadzetsa mapindu m'nkhondo yapadziko lonse yotsatira.

Nkhondo Yadziko II: Kugwidwa Chipwirikiti Konse

Nkhondo yachiŵiri yadziko inayang'anizana ndi kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu koposa kwa National Guard m'mbiri. Mu 1940, ndi nkhondo yomenyedwa mu Ulaya, Pulezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt analamulira magulu onse a Agaŵenga [1] Chilengezo choyamba cha mtendere m'mbiri ya America. Olonda oposa 300,000 anasonkhezeredwa asanafike Pearl Harbor, ndipo pofika 1945, magaŵano 18 a a Agadi ankhondo adamenyana padziko lonse.

Zitsanzo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo [[FLT:] [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Anawo a 29 adaima ku Omaha Beach pa D, June 6, 1944 , ndipo anamenyana mpaka ku Normandy ndi Germany. [[FLT:] [1] Mtengo wa 35 wa Opalenti [[FL:] [FL] [3], “TC], [makedzana] kuchokera ku Oklas ndi Kumwera, kutumikira ku Sicily, Italy, ndi kummwera kwa France, kutulutsa msasa wa anthu. [FLD] [FF:] [F]]

Kunyumba, magulu a asilikali analondera milatho, mafakitale, ndi mafakitale amagetsi; anauluka ulendo wolimbana ndi nuclear kuchokera kugombe; ndi ophunzitsa ndege. Chopereka chonse cha asilikaliwo chinaposa 300,000 pa ntchito. Zochitikazo zinasintha a Guard kuchokera ku malo omalizira opezerapo chithandizo m'malo ankhondo onse amene akadadalira pa nkhondo ina iliyonse.

Nkhondo Yoputana ndi Mawu: Korea ndi Vietnam

Korea: Kugwidwa ndi Chipwirikiti Chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yochepa

Pamene North Korea inalanda South Korea mu 1950, National Guard adaitanidwanso. Pamiyezi ingapo, Alonda oposa 138,000 anagaŵiridwa, ndipo magawo atatu a Agadi , (ka 40 (Klahmania), 45th (Oklaoma), ndi 28 (Pennsylvania) adakhala ndi gulu la ku Korea. Magulu ameneŵa anamenya nawo nkhondo yoopsa, kuphatikizapo Nkhondo ya Mtima ndi kuteteza kwa Pun Punta Perimeter. [[FLT:] 40th Division

Nkhondo ya ku Korea inavumbula mavuto a dongosolo: Magulu ambiri a Alonda anali opsinjika ndipo analibe zida zamakono. Asilikali ena anali kunyamulabe mfuti za Nkhondo Yadziko II . Kusonkhanitsako kunatenga nthaŵi yaitali kuposa mmene kunayembekezeredwa, ndipo Army anakayikira kukonzekera kwa Woyang'anira. Zimenezi zinatsogolera ku masinthidwe aakulu pansi pa [[FLT: 0] Kuchotsapo za Defense Reorganization Act ya 1958 ndi Mabutho a Magulu ankhondo a Gwerounda a 1955 , amene anakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima ndi magulu ogwirizana bwino a asilikali otetezera nkhondo.

Vietnam: Mkangano ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Nkhondo ya ku Vietnam inapereka National Guard ndi chitokoso chake chogaŵanitsa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi nkhondo zakale, Alonda sanakonzekeretu ku Vietnam. Mmalomwake, Dipatimenti ya Department inadalira pa magulu okonza asilikali ndi okangalika, makamaka kutumiza antchito aufulu amodzi kapena magulu aang'ono kuti akachite ntchito zinazake. Gulu limodzi lokha la Agadi . . . .Nkhani 49 zankhondo zomenyedwa kuchokera ku Texas . Zinayambitsa gulu lankhondo kuti limenyedwe, ndipo gululo silinatumizidwa kukamenyana.

Kugwira ntchito kochepa kumeneku kunatsogolera ku zinenezo zakuti Alonda anakhala malo otetezera ozembera kuloŵa m'gulu lankhondo. Kufufuza kwa 1969 kochitidwa ndi Congregational Research Service kunapeza kuti National Guard anali woyera kwambiri, kalasi yapakati, ndi ophunzira pa koleji . Makina a Vietnam anawononga chithunzi cha gulu la alonda ndi kusintha kokakamiza kuti asunge mphamvu ya alonda ndi kutumizanso zinthu mosavuta.

Post-9 / 11 Nyengo: Iraq ndi Afghanistan

Patangopita maola ochepa chabe asilikali a asilikali anasunga mabwalo a ndege, milatho, ndi zipilala za dziko.

Pofika 2005, asilikali oposa 300,000 anali ataikidwa ku Middle East. Anam'ana [1] Ana Secondation (New York]) inatsogolera ntchito za chitetezo kumpoto kwa Iraq. Kavaltri [1] Kavaltri Divition Kukhazikitsa kwa Asilikali Olimbana ambiri. Mabungwe ankhondo anachitanso ntchito zomanga: kumanga masukulu, kuphunzitsa apolisi, ndi kufalitsa mikangano ya mafuko. Ku Afghanistanti, [[FLT:] , Brigit Bricte Coast [FLT] [FLD :5] (VRmont]) kutsutsana kolimbana kwakukulu, zina za magulu a asilikali pakati pa magulu olondera.

Nkhondoyo inatha zaka zoposa 20 . Kulephera kwa alonda kunakhala chizoloŵezi, ndi asilikali ambiri amene anali kuyendera maulendo atatu kapena anayi. Zida zinawonongeka, ndipo zinawonongeka. Gulu lankhondo linayankha ndi Total Force Policy [1], yomwe inachititsa kuti Alonda akhale malo ogwirira ntchito, kutanthauza kuti magulu a asilikali akagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri monga magulu ankhondo. Kusinthaku kunafulumira kuchitika kuyambira 2015, pamene asilikali anapereka nthaŵi zonse 30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya nkhondo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan.

Pakali pano, [[FLT: 0] Air National Guard inaulutsa ziwiya zikwi zambiri zochirikiza ntchito m'mabwalo onse aŵiri, kuphatikizapo ndege zoyendera ndege, kuyang’anira, ndi kuulutsa ndege. Oyang’anira ndege anauluka F-15, A10, ndi Zowerengera, kaŵirikaŵiri kuchokera ku zipinda za kutsogolo. Olonda a Air anapereka pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya ndege zonse za Mpweya ndi mbali yaikulu ya chilikizo wake wa nkhondo ku Middle East.

Ntchito Zapanyumba ndi Chitetezo cha Kumudzi

Kuchokera mu 2001, ntchito imeneyi yathandiza kwambiri anthu olondera boma kuthana ndi masoka achilengedwe (akuluakulu a dziko, moto wa m’dziko, madzi osefukira), zipolowe, ndiponso mavuto a zaumoyo. Kukhoza kwawo kwapadera kwa kusintha mofulumira kuchoka ku boma kupita ku ulamuliro wa boma kwawachititsa kusankha.

Mphepo Katrina inasintha kwambiri mu 2005. Asilikali oposa 50,000 a boma lililonse amene anatumizidwa ku Gulf Coast, kufunafuna ndi kupulumutsa, kugaŵira zinthu, ndi kugaŵira chitetezo. Yankholo linatsutsidwa kuti linali lochedwa, koma linasonkhezera kusintha kwa dziko pa ntchito yokonza ya chigawo cha FORT] ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa FAMA ndi a polisi. Mu 2017, asilikali a ku Texas ndi Florida analabadira mphepo zamkunthonjera ndi Irma ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu za madzi ndi kubwezeretsa.

Mliri wa Covid-19 unayang'ana nyumba yaikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya asilikali . Iwo anali ndi malo oyeserapo, zipatala zokhala ndi antchito, anagawira akatemera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki a chakudya. Mu 2020, asilikali analabadiranso nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni George Floyd atapha George Floyd, kuthandiza kukhazikitsa malamulo m'mayiko oposa 30 komanso ku Washington, D.C, pa January 6 Capitol.

Kuyankha kwa moto kwa ku West kwakhala ntchito yosatha. Makina a ndege a asilikali ouluka akuuluka ndi kunyamula ndege zotentha ndi ndege zozimitsa moto. Mu 2024, California anatumiza asilikali oposa 1,500 kukamenyana ndi moto umene unatentha mahekitala oposa 1 miliyoni. Mkhalidwe wa asilikali alondera ndi antchito . Okonzekeretsedwa kaamba ka nkhondo koma okonzekera kuchepetsako ndalama: ndege zomwe zingachirikize moto wa Afghanistan m'malo ake osungira moto wa nkhalango.

Masewera a m'nyumba amenewa amasonyeza kuti alonda ndi ofunika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi chigawo chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayiko akutali, asilikali amaima ku United States. Anthu ake amakhala m’madera amene amateteza.

Kupitiriza Kukhulupirira Chisinthiko ndi Kaonedwe ka Mtsogolo

Bungwe loyang’anira za chitetezo la National Guard Guardian likupitiriza kusintha. Kuyambira 2005, Dipatimenti Yoteteza ya boma yakhazikitsa bungwe loyang’anira asilikali la National Guardia kuti likhale likulu la bungwe la United Nations. Mkulu wa bungwe loyang’anira asilikali loyang’anira asilikali akulangiza Pulezidenti ndi Mlembi wa za Unduna wa Zoteteza kuti atetezedwe. Ntchito yotchuka imeneyi ikusonyeza kuti apolisi ndi ofunika kwambiri, osati kuti angogwiritsa ntchito chigawo cha asilikali.

Zoyesayesa zamakono zimasumika pa kutetezera kwa intaneti, maopaleshoni a m'mlengalenga, ndi nkhondo ya m'mlengalenga. Mayiko ambiri tsopano ali ndi Defense Cyber Microls Centers , kumene akatswiri a za pa Intaneti amateteza zipangizo zofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu akunja. Oyang'anira ndege akufuna kugwiritsira ntchito F-15EX ndi F-35, mphamvu zogwira ntchito. Gulu la asilikali likuyang'anira galimoto zatsopano zoteteza Firevicepowersitice ndi kupanga mizinga yake yamakono yothandizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, Alonda angayang'anizane ndi mavuto atatu: nthawi yogwira ntchito; [1] Kuteteza asilikali kuti asatenthedwe pambuyo pa zaka makumi aŵiri za ntchito yosatha; kukonzekera .] Kulimbana ndi maphunziro a ntchito zapakhomo zowononga nthaŵi ndi chuma; ndi kukonzanso ntchito za ku sovial m'makedzana zatale ya ndalama za ntchito yotsika. Mabungwe a zankhondo a National Declation Act [[FFFL:] [FL:] [204]

Kumaliza: Choloŵa Chokhalitsa cha Msilikali Wankhondo

Kuyambira pa 1636 ya atsamunda a Vietnam mpaka oteteza a pa Intaneti mu 2025, asilikali a National Guard akhala akumenya nkhondo yaikulu iliyonse ya United States. Asilikali ake amenyana m'mapampu a France, nkhalango za Pacific, mapiri a Korea, mpunga wa Vietnam, zipululu za Iraq, ndi mapiri a Afghanistan. Iwonso akhala oyamba kuukira mphepo zamkuntho, miliri, ndi zipolowe m’nyumba zawo. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti Alonda a ku America akhale gulu lapadera la dzikolo koma liteteze dzikolo; zimene zimagwira ntchito kumbali kwa dziko lonse la Afghanistan koma limakhala ndi moyo wankhondo ndi ntchito m’mudzi uliwonse.

Kuloŵerera kwa asilikali pa nkhondo zazikulu kumasonyeza lamulo lachinsinsi la ku America lotetezera: Gulu la asilikali lolamulidwa bwino nlofunika kuti dziko likhale lotetezeka. Pamene ziwopsezo za dziko zikukula, kulolera kwa Alonda, chidziŵitso cha kumaloko, ndi luso lofala limatsimikizira kuti lidzakhalabe mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ulamuliro wa nkhondo wa United States ndi kulimba kwa dziko lawo. Mbiri ya National Guard si nkhani ya nkhondo yongopambana [1]

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, chezerani [[FLT: 0] Chigawo cha Authority Authority History [FLT :1], Nkhondo ya U.S. College ya Nkhondo [[FLT: 3], ndi [[FLT:] DOD pa kugawira kwamakono.