National Guard ili ndi malo oyenerera ndi amphamvu m'malo othandizira angozi a ku America. Monga gulu lankhondo la boma lachiŵiri la boma, olondera amatumikira m'madera awo monga nzika za nzika zokhala ndi asilikali, kusungitsa ntchito za anthu wamba pamene akuphunzitsidwa ntchito zankhondo. Mabungwe apaderawa ndi ofunika kwambiri pofufuza ndi kupulumutsa (SAR). Ndi kutchuka kwa maseŵera ochititsa chidwi. Kutchuka kwa kuchuluka kwa maseŵera odziwitsa, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa masoka achilengedwe ochititsidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ntchito ya alonda monga chuma chachikulu chopulumutsa moyo siinakhalepo yovuta kwambiri. Iwo amapereka maula aakulu pakati pa magulu a Sar, amene ali ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu cha kumaloko, ndi chuma cha dziko lonse, chimene chimakhala ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu. Zotsatira zake n’kasinthasinthasinthasinthasintha kwa madera ndi madera ambiri padziko lonse.

Pamene woyenda ulendo wathedwa nzeru pa nsonga ya phiri, banja limatsekerezedwa ndi madzi m'chigwa chakutali, kapena wokwerayo akuvulazidwa pathanthwe laling'ono, kaŵirikaŵiri amapita ku National Guard . Kuphatikizana kwawo kwa nkhondo, luso lapamwamba, kulephera kwaumwini, ndi chidziŵitso chakuya cha malo akumalo akumalo akumeneko kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri kwa bwanamkubwa aliyense woyang'anizana ndi vuto loposa mmene amachitira ntchito zamwaŵi. Panopo kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane mmene Alonda a National amathandiza kufunafuna ndi kupulumutsa malo ovuta kwambiri m'dziko.

Ntchito Yapadera ya Alonda a Dzikolo Yofunafuna ndi Kupulumutsa

Ubwino wa bungwe la National Guard uli m'malamulo ake. Mosiyana ndi asilikali othamanga, Alonda amalamulidwa ndi bwanamkubwa kudzera mwa mkulu wa boma pogwira ntchito pansi pa boma la SAD (SAD) kapena Mutu 32 wa lamulo la U.S. Izi zimapitirira mphamvu ya boma, kulola nthaŵi yolandira mayeso m’maminitsi kapena masiku. Mwana wosoŵa kapena wokwera phiri, zonse zili ndi liwiro.

Malamulo ameneŵa amalamulidwa ndi Stafford Act ndi Posse Comitatus Act, yomwe kaŵirikaŵiri imaletsa gulu lankhondo lokangalika kuchititsa ntchito za lamulo lapanyumba. Komabe, Alonda a National pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma amaloledwa kuletsa zimenezi, kuwalola kuchita mwachindunji ntchito zopulumutsa moyo. Lamulo ndi malamulo ndi malamulo ndi maziko a kupulumutsa kwa alonda. Iwo sali chabe ochirikiza nkhondo; iwo ali mbali yaikulu, yogwirizana ya makonzedwe a boma osamalira za ngozi.

Poyerekezera ndi zinthu zina, Olondera amapereka lingaliro lapadera:

  • Bolume ndi YN: ndi zipinda zoikidwa m'madera oposa 2,500 m'magawo onse ndi m'magawo 50, Alonda amabalalitsidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana ndipo amaunjikana kwambiri mwa anthu.
  • [[FLT :0] Kufufuza kwa MPUNI: Alonda amagwira ntchito yofanana ndi chiwiya chankhondo chogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo UH-60 Black Hawks, CH-47 Chinoks, magalimoto olemera, ndi makompyuta olankhulana otsogola. Magulu ambiri a SaR akwawo kapena achigawo satha kugula kapena kusunga zipangizo zimenezi.
  • Zochitika Zosungidwa: Alonda ndi mphamvu yaumwini. Amabweretsa mafuta awo, madzi, chakudya, mbadwo wa mphamvu, ndi mphamvu zosamalira. Akhoza kuchirikiza ntchito yaikulu yofufuza kwa masiku kapena milungu popanda kulemetsa ziwiya za kumaloko.

Maluso Oyambirira ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito M’kasupe wa Kutali

Bungwe la National Guard lili ndi zida zambiri zotha kupirira, osati chabe zida zamakono; ndizo njira zogwirizanitsira antchito, maphunziro, ndi luso la zopangapanga zopangira kuthetsa mavuto aakulu a malo okhala.

Kuwomba: Kavalo Wogwira Ntchito Yopulumutsa Anthu

Kawirikawiri kuulutsa ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri ku SAR. Olondera amayendetsa mapulatifomu awiri aakulu omwe amayenerera ntchito imeneyi. UH 60 Black Hawk ndi helikopita yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ili ndi ndege yonyamula anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri yotha kunyamula makilogalamu 600 kuchokera ku ndege youluka, kulola mkulu wa gulu la asilikali kutsitsidwa mwachindunji ku malo a mdani kapena kuwachotsa m'mabomba a Stokes. Mpwe wa dzikolo, makamaka, umagwira ntchito HH-60G Pavek ndi watsopano HH-Walolly Green II, wokonzedwa makamaka kaamba ka nkhondo ndi kupulumutsa. Mchewuwu wa ndegewu wa Radar, woyang'ana kutsogolo, kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kwa Sladage (FIRFI), ndi kuwala kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kwa HH-ultel, ndi kuwapatsa malo onse.

Kuchita maopaleshoni pa malo okwera kwambiri, CH-47 Chinook ndi yofunika kwambiri. M'matanthwe a Rockes ndi Andes, maroto aŵiri a Chinok amapereka mphamvu yaikulu ya kulemera kwa mamita 10,000 kapena kukwera. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti ikhale chuma chokha chokhoza kuchotsa magulu aakulu a anthu kapena zipangizo zotsutsirana ndi mafunde a mapiri kapena mapiri.

Zochitika za Pansi ndi Zothandiza Mwaluso

Ngakhale kuti ndege ndi zofunika kwambiri, njira zambiri zopulumutsira zimafuna chinthu chapadera. Asilikali a National Guide amaphunzitsidwa za kayendedwe ka nthaka, njira zaluso, ndi kupulumuka. Mabungwe onga ngati 19 ndi 20 a Magulu apadera a Zida zapadera (Arimo) abweretsa kukwera mapiri, SCBA, ndi njira zopulumutsira popanda kusokonezeka. Maboma ambiri ali ndi magulu apadera a Auauntault Commentault kapena High-Angle Replation amene amayendetsa kwambiri sitima ndi anzake oyenda nawo pa mapiri.

Magalimoto a pansi amathandizanso. Pamene ma ambulansi kapena galimoto yozimitsa moto yozoloŵereka siingathe kudutsa msewu wa m'nkhalango wotsuka, magalimoto a asilikali oyendera ndi olemera (monga Banja la Manja Aakulu a Magazi ndi Joint Light Taccal Vehicle [JLTV]). M’magalimoto ambiri, magalimoto ameneŵa ndiwo njira yokha yopezera madokotala ndi zipangizo pafupi ndi malo achilendo.

Kulankhulana ndi Lamulo Losasintha

Imodzi ya mbali zosuliza kwambiri ndi zonyalanyazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kulankhulana. Malo akutali kaŵirikaŵiri alibe maselo kapena maadireshoni odalirika. Asilikali amapereka njira zoyendera ndi zotetezeka, ndi zosinthasintha. Angapange njira zolankhulirana ndi masetilaiti, mawailesi aluso, ndi malo operekera malangizo pa nthaŵi imodzi. Zinthu zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizidwa mu Indident Leaderne System (ICS), kulola Sheriffip kapena Nthumwi yamphamvu kusungitsa kugwirizanitsa magulu ambiri a a aunyinjinga. Kukhoza kukhazikitsa malo olankhulirana ndi mawailesi amakono kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsimikizira ngati kuvuta, kufufuza kwa tsiku lambiri kuli kwachipambano.

Kuchoka Pachipatala Ndiponso Kusamalira Malo Nthawi Yochuluka

Maluso a a woyang’anira zamankhwala amaposa chithandizo choyamba. Combat Medics (68W) ndi a m'malensi a EMT, ndipo ambiri amanyamula zikalata zopita patsogolo. Flight Medics (68WF) amaphunzitsidwa kusamala kwambiri zoyendera ndi kukweza. Ndiponso, asilikali agwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mfundo ya kuthamanga kwa Firenced Field Care (PFC). Zimenezi zimaphunzitsa kulimbitsa odwala kuti akhale okhalitsa pa nyengo yotalikirapo (2.7272+ maawa) pamene kuthaŵa kwa mwamsanga kuli kosatheka chifukwa cha nyengo kapena malo. Luso limeneli limaikidwa mwachindunji ku Sar tration , monga woyenda ulendo wowonongeka ndi chiwomba cha mphepo.

Kufutukula Mabuku Othandiza pa Ntchito ndi Kufufuza Matenda

Kugwira ntchito kwa maluso ameneŵa kumamvedwa bwino kwambiri kupyolera m’lens ya ntchito zenizeni za dziko, imene imabala malo osiyanasiyana ozungulira.

Kupulumutsa Mapiri Aakulu

Ku mapiri a Rocky, National Guard imatsogolera zopulumutsa zambiri chaka chilichonse. Kugwira ntchito pa Longs Spoket ku Rocky Mountain National Park kumakhala chitsanzo chomveka. Okwera anatsekedwa m'chitima chachikulu chakuthwa mamita 13,000. Mphepo zamphamvu zinaletsa ntchito yonyamula anthu. M’malo mobwerera kumbuyo, gulu la Colorado National Army National Guard kuchokera ku bungwe la 2-135 General Serviation Battalion linachititsa kutera kwamphamvu yoopsa, inanyamula gulu la opulumutsa, ndipo inachotsa oyendetsa ndege. Kuyendetsa kumeneku kunafuna luso la oyendetsa ndege, chidziŵitso cha nyengo ya mapiri, ndi kugwirizana ndi National Park Service.

Kudziko la Chigumula ndi Kulabadira kwa Mkuntho

Kusefukira kwa madzi kumakhala chimodzi cha zochitika za SAR zowopsa kwambiri ndi zofalikira. Mkati mwa mphepo ya mkuntho ya Hlene mu 2024, madera akutali ku Aplapachian Mountains ku Western Carolina adadzipatula kotheratu ndi kugwedezeka kwa maulalo. Kukhoza kwa alonda a m'magalimoto apamwamba ndi kunyamula katundu kuchokera ku UH-60s, kuchotsa anthu okhala m’nyumba za nyumba ndi zinyalala. Iwo anaperekanso njira yokha ya chakudya, madzi, ndi mankhwala m'madera ameneŵa.

Chipululu ndi Chipululu Kufunafuna

Malo aakulu, ouma a ku America Southwest amabweretsanso vuto lina: kutentha kwakukulu, madera ofufuzira kwambiri, ndi malo osoŵa madzi. Aarizona ndi California National Guard amagwiritsa ntchito ma UH-60 onyamula zithunzi zotentha ndi zapansi ndi magalimoto a machenjera kuti awononge malo a chipululu. Alinso ndi zipangizo zapadera zimene zingathe kuzindikira zizindikiro za munthu kapena zizindikiro zamagetsi (monga mafoni a m'mafoni) m’madera ambiri. Oyang'anira a kumalire a ku U. maofesi a ku maofesi a ku maofesi a ku Holyl ndi ku Sheriffart kuti apeze anthu osowa oyenda, oyendetsa galimoto, kapena anthu ogulitsa anthu osoŵa thandizo.

Mkuntho wa m’nyengo yachisanu ndi Kufalikira Koopsa

M’nyengo ya mphepo ya mkuntho ya m’nyengo yachisanu, alonda ndiwo gulu lokha lokhoza kuyenda m’chipale chofeŵa kapena m'madzi oundana. Amatumiza galimoto zofufuza, magalimoto, ndi magiya ozizira apadera. M'mayiko onga Minnesota, Michigan, ndi New York, Alonda achita maopaleshoni kuti achotse odwala m’zipatala zimene zawonongeka ndi anthu ovutika. Iwonso amathandiza kupulumutsa magulu ambiri mwa kunyamula agalu ndi zida kumadera akutali, kufupikitsa nthaŵi ya kuyankha.

Kulabadira Kogwirizana ndi Kulinganiza

Bungwe la National Guard silichita zinthu mopanda kanthu ndipo limadalira mgwirizano wa pakati pa anthu.

Njira Yabwino Yolamulira (IC)

Magulu onse a m'nyumba a SAR amayendetsedwa pansi pa ICS. Mtsogoleri wa boma kapena Fire Chief amatumikira monga Mtsogoleri wa Antcident . Oyang'anira amagwirizanitsa nyumba imeneyi monga "yaikeyi" kapena "chuma chogawiridwa" Oyang'anira alonda amaikidwa m'makalata a lamulo kuyang'anira zinthu zankhondo. Dongosolo limeneli limatsimikizira kuti Alonda akuchita zimene kwenikweni a mtsogoleri a kumaloko amafunikira, kaya akupereka kunyamula ndege, magulu ofufuza pansi, kapena chichirikizo. National Guard Bureaunt akupereka maphunziro aakulu kutsimikizira antchito awo kuti ICS ndi oyenerera, chiyenetso cha kugwirizanitsa anthu.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Opanda Mayeso

Bungwe la National Park Service (NPS), nkhalango ya USFS (USFS), ndi Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Mabungwe a boma ameneŵa ali ndi luso lozama m'malo awo koma kaŵirikaŵiri alibe ndege zonyamula katundu wambiri.

Ndiponso, Alonda akugwirizana kwambiri ndi magulu a antchito odzifunira onga Aunt Replation Association (MRA) [[FLT ] ndi Civil Air Patrol (CAP). CAP imapereka ndege zojambula ndi kutumiza zithunzi, pamene magulu a MRA amapereka luso la zojambula ndi kufunafuna za pansi. Olondera amapereka ndege yolemera, kupulumutsa anthu, ndi mphamvu ya zamankhwala zimene magulu odzifunira ameneŵa amadalira pa zochitika zovuta.

Gulu Lotha Kuyenda pa Ndege ku United States

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bungwe la AFRC lomwe likuchititsa ntchito yoyendetsa sitima za Sarveig ku United States. Ngati Sheffactive afuna chuma chimene alibe, amatcha kuti AFRC. AFRC kenaka amatumiza katundu woyenera kwambiri wa boma, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali bungwe la Air National Guard kapena gulu la asilikali. Mgwirizano umenewu ndi wa anthu a ku United States amene akulumikizana ndi dziko lonselo.

Kuphunzitsa, Kulemba Zikalata, ndi Chitsanzo cha Nzika

Kugwira ntchito kwa asilikali a National Guard ku SAR sikumangochitika mwangozi chifukwa chophunzira kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha kufunika kwa munthu wokhala ndi m’dzikolo.

Sukulu Zophunzitsa Sar Mwapadera

Asilikali a ku United States akuchititsa sukulu zambiri zimene zili m'magulu a dziko lonse pophunzitsa anthu opulumutsa. Army Mountain War School (AMWS) ku Yeriko, Vermont, akuchititsa maphunziro opita patsogolo m'kupulumutsa mapiri, kuthaŵa kwa makhonde, ndi kupulumuka. Asilikali amene amapita kusukuluyi amabwerera ku magulu awo ndi maluso ogwirira ntchito mwachindunji kwa msilikali wa Sar. Mofananamo, Gulu la Air Force’s Survival, Evasion, Restance, ndi Loutport (SERE) akupereka maphunziro opulumutsa moyo apamwamba amene ali ofunika kwambiri m'malo akutali.

Mkulu wa Asilikali

Msilikali amene amathera nthawi yake yophunzira kumapeto a mlungu ku UH-60 Black Hawk ndi ntchito yawo yapakati pa mlungu yothandiza anthu opereka chithandizo pa ntchito ya ambulansi. Iwo samvetsa bwino helikoputala. Iwo sadziwa za munthu wodwalayo. Iwo amangophunzira za mapulogalamu a kumapeto kwa mlungu. Kupitiriza kwa zimene akumana nazo kumapangitsa kuti alonda agwire ntchito yothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya ambulansi.

Kuchitira Maseŵera Osiyanasiyana

Kuphunzitsa kumasungidwa mwa kubwerezabwereza, kuchuluka kwa masiteshoni. Maboma amachita maseŵera olimbitsa kuwonongeka kwa ndege m'madera a chipululu, chivomezi m'madera a mapiri, kapena kupulumutsa kosefukira kwa madzi. Kuyeseza kumeneku kumagwirizanitsa alonda, oyang'anira zangozi, moto wa kumaloko ndi apolisi, ndi oyang'anira malo. Amayesa kugwirizana kwa kulankhulana, amazindikira zolinganiza, ndi kumanga maunansi amene amapindula pamene tsoka lenileni lichitika.

Kufunika Kowonjezereka ndi Mtsogolo mwa Alonda a Boma

Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi kuwopsa kwa nyengo, ndipo pamene nzika za America zambiri zifunafuna zosangulutsa m'madera akutali osungiramo zinthu, kufunika kwa mphamvu za National Sard’s Sar kumangowonjezereka. Alonda akukonzekera kukwaniritsa mtsogolo.

Masiteshoni a ndege auniond Aircrafts (UAS), kapena ma transmines, akukhala chiŵiya chapadera. Makompyuta apamwamba ndi ma foni ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa madera aakulu ofufuza, kupereka vidiyo yeniyeni yodyetsa ku malo a pulogalamu, ndipo ngakhale kupereka ndalama zochepa monga madzi kapena wailesi kwa mikhole yosoŵa. Kuphatikiza zinthu zojambula zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo makompyuta otentha ndi opanga makompyuta, kumachititsa magulu ofufuza kufunafuna anthu m'nkhalango zothithi kapena pansi pa zinyalala mofulumira kuposa ndi kale lonse.

Kupita patsogolo kwa njira zolankhulirana ndi satellite, monga ngati kugwiritsira ntchito magulu a nyenyezi a pansi pa dziko lapansi, kukukulitsa mphamvu ya Alonda ya kulamulira ndi kulamulira kuchokera kulikonse padziko lapansi. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumathandiza madokotala kufunsa madokotala opareshoni ya zapakompyuta m’zipatala zazikulu, kuwongolera kwambiri zotsatira za odwala m’munda.

Pomaliza, ntchito ya National Guard yofufuza ndi kupulumutsa kumadera akutali ndi yofunika kwambiri pa njira za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zangozi ku America. Malo awo oyenerera, zipangizo zapamwamba, maphunziro okhwima, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kwakuya kumapanga mphamvu yopulumutsa yomwe ili yamphamvu ndi yovomereza. Banja loyembekezera uthenga wa wokondedwa, kuona koputala ya National Guard ikubwera pamwamba pa phirilo sikuli chizindikiro cha mphamvu yankhondo; ndilo lonjezo la lonjezo la chitaganya la kusasiya aliyense. Chisinthiko cha zinthu m'zamoyo, luso la zopanga, ndi kugwirizana kutsimikizira kuti iwo adzakhalabe olanditsidwa kutali kwa zaka makumi ambiri.