Utsogoleri wa boma ndi umene umasonkhezera malamulo a msonkho amene amapanga chuma cha boma. Chaka chilichonse, akazembe amafunsira bajeti, kudula kapena kusaina msonkho, ndi kukhazikitsa njira yoperekera nkhani za misonkho m’nyumba zawo. Zosankha zawo pa misonkho, ngongole, ndi kusakhoma zimakhudza mwachindunji malonda a misonkho, ndalama zimene anthu amapeza, ndi mmene ntchito za anthu zimayendera. Kumvetsa ntchito za mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe ka boma n’kofunika kwa nzika, osunga ndalama, ndi opanga malamulo amene amafuna kuyang’anira malo a boma awo a msonkho.

Malamulo ndi Mphamvu Zogwira Ntchito za Bwanamkubwa M’kupereka Msonkho

Ulamuliro wa bwanamkubwa pa malamulo a msonkho umayamba ndi malamulo a boma. Akazembe ambiri ali ndi mphamvu zonena za bajeti, yomwe imakhala maziko a msonkho wonse ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zosankha. Lamulo limeneli limatchula zimene boma likufuna ndiponso zimene likufuna. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa misonkho kumene kazembe akufuna kukhazikitsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a boma ali ndi mphamvu yokwanira yopereka malamulo a msonkho, akazembe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zofunika kuti akonze zotsatira zake.

Mphamvu ya Veto ndi Maleya Okhala ndi Malo

Mwinamwake chida chofunika kwambiri cha pulogalamu ndi chiwiya cha magetsi. M'boma lililonse kusiyapo North Carolina, kazembe angalole kuchotsa ndalama zoperekedwa ndi nyumba ya malamulo. Kupambana chiwiya cha vhato kumafuna masupermato triam aŵiri, amene sapezeka m'zipinda zogawikana. Olamulira ambiri alinso ndi ulamuliro woyendetsa zinthu za chigawo cha , umene umawalola kuswa zinthu kapena zopereka msonkho kuchokera ku lamulo lalikulu popanda kukana mupukutu wonsewo.

Malamulo a Olamulira ndi Ulamuliro

Kupyola pa njira ya malamulo, abwanamkubwa angasonkhezere malamulo a msonkho kupyolera mwa maofisala a maulamuliro ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma oyendetsera ntchito pansi pa nthambi yaikulu. Madipatimenti a msonkho a boma angayang'anizane mmene malamulo a msonkho amamasulira ndi kukakamiza. Kusintha kwa masinthidwe a antchito (makampani a ntchito. opanga makampani) kapena mafotokozedwe a “nux" pa malipiro a makampani kuli zitsanzo za mmene chitsogozo cha ulamuliro chingakhalire ndi kusintha kwa malamulo. Zimenezi kumbuyo kwa mphamvu ya makampani kaŵirikaŵiri sizikudziŵika koma zingayambukiridwe mofanana ndi kusainira msonkho.

Mmene Utsogoleri wa Malamulo Amathandizira Kuika Malamulo Patsogolo

Ndalama zimene bwanamkubwa wa boma wapereka pa nkhani ya msonkho, kulipira msonkho, kusamala zaumoyo, ndi kuteteza anthu kudziko, zimasonyeza mmene bwanamkubwa amaonera.

Maphunziro ndi Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu

Mwachitsanzo, akazembe amene amaika patsogolo maphunziro a zamaphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza makampani opereka ndalama zoperekedwa monga kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho wa katundu kapena kuwonjezera msonkho. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, awo amene amasumika maganizo pa mpikisano wa zachuma angafulumire kuchepetsa msonkho wa ndalama zimene panthaŵi imodzi zimachepetsa kukula kwa ndalama za maphunziro. Kuŵerengera kwa ndale zadziko nkovuta: ofufuza kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza misonkho yotsika koma amafunanso kuti masukulu ndi misewu zikhale zapamwamba. Kazembe ayenera kuyang'anira zikhumbo zotsutsana, ndi kayendetsedwe kawo kawo ka makampani ka ndalama koyendera pamodzi ka ndalama koyendetsera ndalama. Kagulu kaboma kaŵirika kamalengeza zapamwamba kaŵiri za makampani a malonda a malonda a m'dziko ([FLD:][5]] ...[FLTC]

Malamulo ndi Kuikiza Malo Osungira Anthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu ndi mbali ina imene imaoneka. Maboma amene amafuna kukonza misewu ndi milatho nthaŵi zambiri amapempha kuti awonjezere msonkho wa mafuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zatsopano zoyendetsera. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2015, Kazembe Jerry Brown wa ku California anasaina thumba la msonkho wa mafuta kuti apereke ndalama zothandizira anthu pa ntchito ya boma yolimbana ndi boma. Komanso, Bwanamkubwa Greg Abbott wa Texas waletsa kukwera kwa msonkho wa gasi wa boma, ndipo angakonde kudalira pa ndalama zimene zilipo ndi boma komanso zimene boma limapereka. Kukwera kwa njira zimenezi zoyendera pa mfundo za kazembe aliyense zokhudza ntchito ya boma ndi msonkho anthu.

Lamulo la Msonkho Monga Njira Yandale

Kwa akazembe ambiri, malamulo a msonkho saali chabe a kulinganiza bajeti ndi mbali yaikulu ya kudziŵika kwawo kwa ndale zadziko. Kudula msonkho kungakhale lonjezo lamphamvu, ndipo kuwakhazikitsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumatulutsa mitu yankhani imene imakulitsa zisonyezero za kuvomerezedwa kwa kazembe. Mofananamo, kuwonjezereka kwa misonkho ya kusungitsa ndalama za boma kungawonjezere kuchirikiza pakati pa makampani aakulu monga aphunzitsi, antchito osamalira zaumoyo, kapena ochirikiza kutumiza anthu.

Kuwaletsa Kupereka Msonkho

Zokopa mabizinesi ndi anthu oyenerera. Madziko onga Florida, Texas, ndi Tennessee amanga zitsanzo zawo zachuma posakhala ndi msonkho wa boma, ndi akazembe awo amalonda omwe amapindula. Kazembe Ron DeSentis wa Florida, mwachitsanzo, kaŵirikaŵiri amagogomezera malo a pansi pa msonkhano wa boma monga chifukwa cha kukwera kwa malikulu a kampani kuchokera ku maiko apamwamba. Komabe, malondawo ndikuti maulamuliro ameneŵa ayenera kudalira kwambiri pa misonkhongo ya malonda, imene ingabwezeretse, kapena kutsogolera ntchito zina zapo.

Mavuto a Msonkho Akuwonjezeka

Kukweza misonkho kuli koopsa pa zandale, koma akazembe ena akwanitsa kugwirizanitsa kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yotchuka ndi yotchuka. Kazembe Jared Polis wa ku Colorado anachirikiza mpikisano wa kuwonjezera msonkho wa fodya wa boma, kusonyeza ndalama za chithandizo ndi maphunziro. Chifukwa chakuti cholingacho chinaikidwa monga njira ya zaumoyo ya anthu onse, inaperekedwa ndi kuchirikiza kuvota. Momwemonso, Bwanamkup Phil Murphy wa New Jersey anakakamiza msonkho wa anthu miliyoni kuti apereke msonkho wa ndalama za antchito a boma, akumati boma silingathe kusunga mathayo ake popanda ndalama zowonjezereka kwa nzika za anthu olemera. Andale alephera kuwonjezera ntchito zawo, koma atsogoleri andale a Murphy anasintha ndalama za msonkho monga nkhani yake yothandiza kuchirikiza ntchito yake yaundalama.

Kulimbikitsa Msonkho Kuti Chuma Chipite Patsogolo

Chida china chofala ndicho kugwiritsira ntchito zisonkhezero za msonkho zoikidwa pa maindasitale ena. Zopereka za mafilimu, kufufuza ndi kuchepetsa msonkho wa ntchito, ndi kukonza ntchito zonse ndizo mbali za chipangizo chopititsa patsogolo chuma. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti zisonkhezero zimenezi zingapange “pansi” kumene maboma amapikisana ndi makampani ena popanda phindu lambiri. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri, akazembe amatetezera monga ofunika kuti apikisane ndi chuma cha padziko lonse. Mtengo wa kampani ya translay Foundation amakhazikitsa maprogramu osonkhezera anthu kulipira msonkho ndi mphamvu yawo ([FLT:] Tax Foundation: State Incentive Intevectives [1]. ]).

Kufufuza za Msonkho wa Msonkho Wotchuka

Zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko zimasonyeza mmene kazembe mmodzi angakhudzire kwambiri dongosolo la msonkho la boma.

Kuyesa Msonkho ku Sam Brownback

Bwanamkubwa Sam Brown wa ku Kansas (2018) anatsatira chimodzi cha zolinga zankhanza kwambiri za kudula msonkho m'mbiri yamakono. Mu 2012 ndi 2013, adasaina lamulo loletsa msonkho wa ndalama ndi kuchotsa misonkho yopitira ku ndalama zopitirizidwa ndi malonda. Cholinga chotchulidwa chinali kusonkhezera kuwonjezereka kwa chuma kwakuti ndalama zikhoza kutsekedwa. M’malo mwake, boma linayang'anizana ndi ndalama zopereŵera ndalama za msonkho, zimene zinatsogolera kudula ndalama za maphunziro ndi malo apamwamba. Pofika mu 2017, khoti lovotera kubwezera msonkho wochuluka pa Brown Bankbacken. Kuyesako kunasonyezedwa mokulira ndi akatswiri a zachuma monga chenjezo ponena za malamulo a msonkho pamlingo wa boma ([FL: 0] KGSCTSC.[1]

Udindo wa Jerry Brown ku California

Bwana Jerry Brown (2021-2019) anakhala ndi udindo pamene California anali kutuluka pa vuto lalikulu la zachuma . Iye anachirikiza kuwonjezereka kwa msonkho wa kanthaŵi pa opeza ndalama zambiri (Project 30 mu 2012), zimene zinapangitsa mabiliyoni ambiri kulipira ndalama ndi kulola boma kulipira ngongole ndi kubwezeretsa ndalama za masukulu ndi mautumiki a zachikhalidwe. Brown adalemba ndalama zambiri zimene zikanawonjezera kusungidwa kwa ndalama, kulimbikira pa chilango cha ndalama. Utsogoleri wake anasintha ndalama za California kuchokera ku vuto lamalitsatsatsatsalo lokhazikika. Komabe, otsutsa akuona kuti ndalama zapamwamba za boma za msonkho zamalipingo zapamwamba zikupitirizabe kutulutsa anthu olemera m'boma. Brown ndi chikumbutso chakuti chisonkhezero cha bungwe la aubbernitor chiwongolere kuwonjezera ndalama zoyendetsera msonkho.

Malo Osungira Mtengo a Asa ku Arkansas

Kazembe Asa Hutchinson (2023) wa Arkansas anachepetsa mtengo wa malipiro a boma kuchokera pa 7% mpaka 5.5% pa kuchuluka kwake. Anaphatikiza kuchepetsa kumeneku ndi kuwonjezera msonkho wa malonda ndi wa malonda kuti abweze ndalama zowonongeka. Hutchinson adatsutsa kuti misonkho ya ndalama zotsika ingachititse Arkansas kupikisana ndi anansi ake. Kusintha ndalama zoyendetsera ndalamazo kuwongolera, ndipo boma likumasungidwa pa maphunziro ndi mpikisano. Njira imeneyi imasonyeza mmene kazembe angafikire kusintha kwa nthaŵi yaitali popanda kusintha kwa kaundula kochititsa chidwi kooneka ku Kansasitira.

Mmene Kuyendetsa Galimoto Kumakhudzira Chuma Ndiponso Kukhazikika kwa Chuma

Ziyambukiro zanthaŵi yaitali za malamulo a msonkho wa kampani zimawonekera m'kukula kwa boma, kuŵerengera kwa mgwirizano, ndi kufalikira kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu. Maboma okhala ndi akazembe amene amasunga malamulo a msonkho okhazikika ndi odziŵika bwino amakopa malonda ambiri. Koma, kusintha kwa malamulo a msonkho kumapangitsa kusatsimikizirika kumene kungafooketse kudzipereka kwa malikulu kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Kukhazikika kwa makampani [[FLT: 1] nkofunika kwambiri makamaka pa ma bajeti a boma, amene ayenera kusonkhetsa ndalama kudzera m'nyengo za zachuma. Maboma amene mwachisawawa amalandira ndalama zambiri [1] Monga momwe amapitira misonkho kapena misonkho ya makampani angadzipeze kuti akukakamizidwa kuchepetsa mavuto panthaŵi ya kulephera kwa zinthu. Kaŵirikaŵiri akazembe oganiza amamanga malo osungirako ndalama (ndalama za tsiku la ndalama) ndi kuwonjezera misonkhoma. Jerry Brown wa California anali wochirikiza kwambiri njira imeneyi, kusiya ofesi yokhala ndi zosungiramo ndalama zimene zinathandiza madera a dziko kuchedwa CHOVAD-19.

Kumbali ina, akazembe amene amafuna kuchepetsa msonkho waukulu, wa mwamsanga popanda kuchepetsa kuŵerengera kwa ngongole. Kupenda kwa nthaŵi zonse kwa boma ndi kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi kuchepetsa kwawo kukhoza kuwonjezera mtengo wa kubwereka kaamba ka ntchito zapampando. Motero malamulo a boma a msonkho ali ndi ziyambukiro zimene zimakhalapo kwambiri kuposa nthaŵi yawo.

Kugwirizana kwa Maboma ndi Malamulo a Boma

Lamulo la msonkho silimachitidwa ndi mmodzi. Bwanamkubwa ayenera kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a boma, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi ukatswiri wawo ndi zolinga zawo za ndale zadziko. Boma logaŵanika . "kumene kazembe ali wa chipani chimodzi kapena zipinda ziŵirizo amalamulidwa ndi chisinthiko chinacho.

Boma Logawanika ndi Kukwerana kwa Maboma

Pamene mamembala a gulu asemphana pa malamulo a msonkho, zotsatira zake zingakhale zogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, Kazembe Gretchen Whitmer wa ku Michigan (Demurat) poyambirira anafuna kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka kwa 45 mwa mlingo wa msonkho wa gasi pa lita imodzi kukonza misewu, koma nyumba ya malamulo ya Republican yoyang'anira malamulo anakana. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya kukambirana, analolera kutsata msonkho wa gasi pang'ono ndi kusamutsidwa ku thumba lachisa. Kukwera kwa zokhumba za kubwerera kumakhala kofala m'boma logawagaŵanitsa, ndipo lamulo lomaliza la msonkho kaŵirikaŵiri limasonyeza kusokoneza kwa ndale m’malo mwa makonzedwe a zandale.

Zofunika Zapamwamba

Maboma ena amakhazikitsa zofunika zazikulu kwambiri kuti msonkho uwonjezeredwe . Zipatso ziŵiri chitatu zovomerezeka m'chipinda chilichonse kuti apeze ndalama zatsopano. Zimenezi zimapatsa opanga malamulo ochepa, kapena bwanamkubwa ngati achirikiza anthu ochepa, malo amphamvu otsekereza. Ku California, kufunika kwa mavoti awiri atatu pa kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho kwachititsa anthu ovotera ovomerezedwa kukweza misonkho. Utsogoleri wa bungwe la Gubernator m’mayiko ameneŵa amafuna kuti apange mgwirizano waukulu umene kaŵirikaŵiri umaphatikizapo zipani ziŵiri, limodzi ndi magulu a zipambano ndi oulutsa nkhani.

Kuyambukira kwa Malire a Zigaŵenga ndi Kufuna Kutchuka kwa Ndale

Bwanamkubwa amakhudza kwambiri malamulo awo a msonkho. Maboma amene ali ndi malire angafune kusintha zinthu mofulumira, pamene anthu oyenerera kusankhanso angafunikire kutengerapo njira ina. Kuwonjezera apo, olamulira amene ali ndi zolinga za dziko angagwiritse ntchito malamulo a msonkho kuti apeze mbiri imene ikufuna kwa anthu andale.

Mwachitsanzo, Bwana Ron DeSantis wa Florida wapeŵa mosalekeza kukwera kwa msonkho uliwonse, ngakhale mkati mwa mliriwo, kutentha zitsimikiziro zake zosasintha. Kazembe Gavin Newsom wa California, wolingaliridwa mofala kukhala wopikisana ndi pulezidenti, waphatikizapo misonkho yapamwamba pa olemera ndi kuwonjezera ngongole za mabanja otsika opezedwa, kudziika iyemwini kukhala ngati njira yowonjezereka yochitira zinthu. Zosankha zapadera zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti malamulo a sumateriya ya misonkho ya kayendetsedwe ka masamu kaŵirikaŵiri amafanana ndi mmene amachitira ndi masamu.

Tsogolo la Lamulo la Msonkho la Kuguba m’Nyengo ya Kukayikira

Masinthidwe a malamulo a msonkho ku Washington amapanga ponse paŵiri mwaŵi ndi zitokoso kwa akazembe. Chikalata cha Tcoolts ndi Jobs Act (TCJA) chinatsekereza boma ndi msonkho wakwawo (SALT) pa $10,000, kusonkhezera akazembe a m'maboma a msonkho wapamwamba monga New York ndi Illinois kupenda ntchito monga kupyola pa misonkho ya makampani. Makonzedwe a TCJA mu 2025 adzakakamiza akazembe a boma kupendanso njira zawo za msonkho, makamaka ngati misonkhozo ya boma ikwera ndi ndalama zimene boma limapereka.

Kuwonjezera apo, chikhoterero cha ntchito yakutali chakulitsa mpikisano wa boma wa malikulu a makampani ndi anthu olandira ndalama zambiri. Akuluakulu akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zisonkhezero za msonkho zonyamula katundu (monga ngati ngongole za antchito akutali) ndi malamulo ofooketsa a kulipira msonkho kwa antchito oyenda ndi galimoto. Mtsogolo mwawo mumakhalanso kuyesa kwambiri ndi misonkho ya pakompyuta, misonkho ya carbon, ndi mitundu ina yapamwamba imene idzapangidwa ndi atsogoleri a gulu la oyendetsa ntchito za kampani.

Kumaliza

Utsogoleri wa boma si chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimatsogolera anthu ambiri pa nkhani ya msonkho. Kugwiritsa ntchito bajeti, mphamvu za bajeti, maulamuliro, ndi madongosolo a ndale, kukonza malamulo a msonkho amene amathandizira sukulu, misewu, ndi chisamaliro cha zaumoyo. Zosankha zawo pa misonkho, kuwonjezera, ndi zisonkhezero zosonkhezera mwachindunji kukula kwa chuma ndi kugawidwa kwa ndalama. Pamene maboma akuyang'ana mosinthasinthasintha kwa malamulo a boma, kusintha kwa zachuma, ndi kutsata za anthu, ntchito ya kazembe idzangokhala yapakati. Kwa aliyense amene amasamala za kulemera ndi kulingana kwa boma, kuzindikira chisonkhezero cha munthu mu ofesi ya kazembe nkofunika.