Kudukiza kwa Nyengo ya Kuyamba kwa India

Kusintha kwa zamoyo za ku India kwasintha mofulumira m'zaka khumi zapitazi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa makompyuta, ndi malamulo a boma ogwirizana. Ndi mapulani olembetsedwa oposa 100,000 ndi ma unicorn oposa 100 (makampani amtengo woposa $1 biliyoni) kuyambira 2024, India akuphatikiza gawo lachitatu padziko lonse la anthu oyambira. Boma lapanga malo a malonda monga woyendetsa wapamwamba wa zachuma, kulenga, ndi luso la zopangapangapangapanga. M’malo mwa programu imodzi, maseti a zopereka ndalama, malamulo, zoyendetsera, ndi maphunziro tsopano apanga mbali ya ochirikiza opanga makampani pambali zonse za ulendo wawo.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zazikulu zimene boma la India limathandizira kuti anthu aziyamba, kuphatikizapo njira zoyendetsera sitima zapamadzi, zothandizira anthu pa zachuma, zothandizira boma, ndiponso zoyesayesa za boma. Ikusonyezanso mavuto opitirizabe ndi chiyembekezo cha zaka zikubwerazi, ndipo ikusonyeza bwino mmene malamulo akusinthira anthu amalonda.

Boma Lalikulu Limayamba Kulamulira

Boma linayambitsa maprogramu angapo otchuka pambuyo pa 2015 kuti lipange malo abwino a mabizinesi atsopano. Chotchuka kwambiri ndicho kuyambitsa Indiya , imene inakhazikitsa dongosolo lovomerezeka ndi mapindu. Kukonza zimenezi ndi [FLT:] Antal Information ntchito (AM), [[FLT: 4.] Kupanga mu India , [[FLT:] Digal India [FLT:], ndi mapangano amene amachepetsa zolowa ndi kukula.

Kuyamba Kukonzekera Chipangizo cha India

Makonzedwe a ku Cambodia ayamba mu January 2016 ndipo akhazikitsa njira yoyambira kupindula ndi boma. Kuti ayenerere, kampani iyenera kukhala ndi malire, LLP, kapena kugwirizana ndi ena, osapitirira zaka 10, ndipo amasintha chaka chilichonse. Dipatimenti ya za Exportion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), , mayambiriro ake amasangalala:

  • Kusalembetsa: Sumulo wa ndalama za msonkho wa zaka zitatu pa phindu la zaka 10 zoyambirira, ndipo wosasudzulidwa kuchokera ku likulu apeza msonkho pa kuikizira ndalama poyambira.
  • Kutsatira kwa chikalata cha kudzitukumula: Malungwe angagwirizane ndi malamulo 9 a ntchito ndi malamulo 3 a malo okhala, kuchepetsa mtolo wauyang’aniro.
  • Kupima kokhala ndi chinsinsi: Kulinganiza koikidwiratu kwa maprogramu olowera ndi ozindikiritsa, ndi 80% sinthani pamalipi a kulinganiza.
  • Access ku Drough India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS): Imapereka chiwonjezeko cha 765 poyamba kaamba ka umboni wa, kujambula, ndi kulowa msika.
  • Credit Trusoming Scheal: Imapereka ngongole ku banki ku 7610 crore kuti adziŵe mayambiriro popanda kulinganiza, odzazidwa ndi Curtificity Fund for Micropus ndi Small Enterprises (CGTMSE).

Chiwembuchi chinayambitsanso pulogalamu imodzi yokha ya pa Intaneti (startupia.gov.in) kumene oyambitsa angalembetse, kufunsira phindu, ndi kugwirizana ndi oikizira ndalama ndi oyendetsa galimoto. Pa 2024, mayambiriro oposa 120,000 adziŵika pa Intaneti patapezeka DPIT, kuyambitsa ntchito zoyerekezeredwa kuti 10 lakh.

Ntchito Yosintha Zinthu (AIM)

Wophunzitsidwa ndi NITI Aayag, Atalal Innovation Mission imafuna kukulitsa mwambo wa kukonza zinthu zatsopano ndi wamalonda kuchokera kusukulu kufikira ku milingo ya zachuma. Mbali zake zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Atari Tinkering Labs (ATL): yokhazikitsidwa m'masukulu oposa 10,000 ku India, alabsi imeneyi imapereka kwa ophunzira ziŵiya zonga ngati osindikiza 3D, ziwiya za makina, ndi microprogers, kulimbikitsa manja-kuthetsa vuto.
  • Atariubation Centers (AIC): pakali pano Malo 70+ ogwira ntchito m'mayunivesite, mabungwe ofufuza, ndi mabungwe ena, kupereka alangizi, malo a ofesi, ndi ndalama zothandizira kuyambika kwa steji.
  • Atari New India Desporation: Mawu avuto otsatizana ochokera kwa atumiki a boma ndi antchito anzawo a m'maindasitale, akuitanira kuyambika kwa kupereka mayankho ndi kupereka ndalama zofikira 761 crore.
  • Kuphunzitsa ndi kutsogolera: AIM imayendetsa maprogramu a aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi amalonda ofunitsitsa, kuphatikizapo "Mentor India" mndandanda wa akatswiri odziŵa ntchito.

AIM wachirikiza mwachindunji kuyambika kwa mazana ambiri ndipo wathandiza kwambiri kuchotsa malingaliro ofuna ntchito, makamaka m’mizinda ing’onoing’ono.

Ukwati Winanso Wochirikiza

Kungopitirira pa maulendo awiri a sitima zapamadzi, malamulo angapo odula zinthu zotere amathandiza kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokongola:

  • Kupanga ku India: [[FLT :1] kulimbikitsa kuikizira ndalama zachilendo ndi kupanga nyumba, kupangitsa mipata ya kuperekera zinthu zoyambira m'mlengalenga, chitetezo, ma electronic, ndi mphamvu zomakonzanso.
  • Digital India: Bridbon family sync, Aadhaar-geometment system media, ndi Malo Ogwirizana Ogwirizana Oimira (UPI)] maziko, amene amatsegulira zinthu kupanga mlingo wopangira biliyoni imodzi + chiŵerengero cha anthu.
  • Production Indix Yogwirizana (PLI) Luso: Ipereka zisonkhezero za ndalama kwa opanga m'magawo 14 (kuphatikizapo maelektroniki, galimoto, nsalu, ndi ma drones), kutsegula mipata ya B2B ya kutsegulira maindasitale amenewo.
  • Geospatial Data Secrilic (2021): Kupezeka kwaufulu kwa mapu ndi chidziŵitso cha mastape, kutheketsa kuyambika kwa ma logics, agritech, ndi kukonzekera kwa m'tauni kugwiritsira ntchito mafanizo apamwamba otetezera kuwonongeka kwa zinthu popanda chilolezo.

Chilichonse mwa malamulo ameneŵa chimachepetsa mavuto kwa anthu amalonda, kaya mwa kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, kuwonjezera kupezeka kwa makompyuta, kapena kuchuluka kwa malonda.

Thandizo la Ndalama ndi Zothandizira

Kufikira ku likulu kudakali chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti munthu apulumuke ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Boma la India limapereka ndalama zothandizira anthu kudzera m'zipatala, misonkho, ndi njira zina zosadziwika monga ndalama zothandizira anthu ndi zitsimikizo za ngongole.

Maholide a Msonkho ndi Mapempho

Malo odziŵika oyambira angapereke 100% ya msonkho pa phindu la zaka zitatu zilizonse zotsatizana m'zaka 10 zoyambirira. Kuwonjezerapo, kuikizira ndalama zamalikulu zolembetsedwa ndi SEBI kumachotsedwa pa kupata ndalama zamalikulu. Magulu amalandiriranso msonkho wa ndalama za malipiro pa ndalama za malonda kuposa mtengo woikizira malonda (Kupereka 56 mwa ndalama za Inhome Tax Act ), makonzedwe ofunika a kupeŵa msonkho pa kusungitsa ndalama za angelo.

Ndalama Zolipirira Zoyamba Kumanga (FFS)

Akumayang'aniridwa ndi Small Industries Development Bank ya ku India (SIDBI), FS ndi khropo yokwana 76100,000 yomwe imapanga ndalama ku SEBI-obrigined Investivement Fund (AIFS). Ma AIFS, omwe amaika likulu la maluwa oyambirira ndi masewero apamwamba. Khomalo ndi lopangidwa monga "ndalama" , silimapanga ndalama mwachindunji koma limagwira ntchito monga nangula wa likulu la anthu. Monga 2024, FS yadzipereka kupitirira 76,000 + cr-100 AIFS, yomwe yapanga pamodzi m'mayambiriro oposa 900.

Zitsimikizo za Ufulu wa Kukongola ndi Zolinganiza Zapadera

Trinivern Trust Trust for Micropus and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) imagaŵira ngongole zaulere ku 7610 kuti adziŵe kuyambika. Mwezi wa chiwongola dzanja umatsitsidwa, ndipo chitsimikiziro chimabisa 85% ya ndalama za loni. Kuwonjezerapo, Surgeup India Sea Search Fund (SITSFS) imapereka ku 765 crreoree per ap - copt-ept, protofing, ndi kulowa msika, kuchotsedwa ndi ku , kusankhidwa ndi anthu a m'bate.

Ofufuza ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo

Madipatimenti onga Dipatimenti ya Sayensi ndi Technology (DST), Dipatimenti ya Biotechnology (DBT), ndi Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) amapereka mphatso za ntchito za R&D . Mwachitsanzo, NIDHI [1] [1] . (NTH [NHAMBA YAMENE YAKULENGEKA NDI KUPULUTSITSA) Imapatsa 021 crreare a luso la zopangapanga ndi kuwonjezera la . Mabainjini ogwira ntchito pa za sayansi, biochte, AI, ndi mphamvu zoyera zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.

Nyumba Zomangidwa Mogometsa

Kuwonjezera pa kupereka ndalama, boma lapanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti lithandize anthu kuyamba ntchito.

Mapaki a Maluŵa Omangapo Nyumba ndi Zaluso

Maboma ndi mabungwe monga Software Technology Parks ya India (STPI) akhazikitsa mapaki otsegulira m’mizinda yaikulu. Mapaki ameneŵa amapereka malo anthambi ndi zisudzo za maofesi, Bengalru, ndi malo a misonkhano ku malabola, ndi maofesi apadera. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT: 0]STPI station Hub woyambitsa mu Buchaneswar, Bengalu, ndi Hydradbad progameans a maamensionss. Institute of Technology (IT) [FLT] malo ofufuza ndi mapaki a Maithractras — Chigawo chachikulu cha Maithras Magra.

Ntchito Yosinthasintha

Mabungwe otchuka a ogulitsa ndi maambulera, ochirikizidwa ndi boma kapena athunthu, amathandiza kuti ayambe msanga. Mabungwe okhoza kudziwika akuphatikizapo:

  • T-HUB (Hyderabad) — mgwirizano wapoyera ndi anthu amene wachirikiza kutseguka kwa maluwa 2,000.
  • Kera Presant Mission (KSUM) [1] — incupute-stative yodziŵika chifukwa cha kuzama kwake.
  • Ubwino wa Kusintha ndi Entrepreneurship (SIN) ku IT Bombay — mmodzi wa akatswiri akale koposa mu India.
  • Atariubation Centers (AIC) — yofalikira m'maboma 29, kupereka ndalama ndi alangizi.

Mabungwe ameneŵa alinso ndi maprogramu ofulumizitsa amene amagwirizanitsa chiyambi ndi antchito a kampani, oikizira ndalama padziko lonse, ndi akatswiri a malo.

Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi

Malamulo onga Incam , ndi Accomp , athandiza kumanga njira zothetsera vutolo pamtengo wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, kutsegulira thumba la PP, UPI (lopereka), Digi Locker (buku), ndi Akhawunti Agggegator (zolemba) (zolemba zinazo). Zathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale zothetsera zinthu pamtengo wotsika.

Zoyamba za Boma

Pozindikira kuti kaŵirikaŵiri zikhalidwe za anthu ogulitsa zinthu zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, maiko ambiri a ku India ayamba njira zawo zoyambira zimene zimathandizira njira zapakati.

  • [[FLT: 0] Karnataka . Boma linayala "Stup Karnataka" ndi thumba lopatulidwa la 88200 crore, fakitale imodzi ya boma, ndi mndandanda wa 30+ malo oyambirako. Bengaluru idakali malo aakulu kwambiri ku India.
  • Telamena[[FLT :1] — "T-HY" nkhalango mu Hydebad imachirikizidwa ndi thumba la ntchito la boma, "T-Found," ndi 76100 crore yodzipereka ku chiyambi cha steji. Boma limatulutsanso "Innovation Sandbox" maprogramu a kuyesanso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maharashtra [1] — Mumbai ndi Pune amasunga zipikiri zamphamvu ndi ziwiya za bioch . "Maharashtra State Innovation Society" imapereka kwa 7650 lakh yopereka ndalama kaamba ka ntchito zatsopano, ndipo boma limalola kutsegulira ntchito yapamwamba yolembetsa katundu.
  • Tamil Nadu [1] — "Tamil Nadu Domagement ndi Innovation Mission" yakhazikitsa 50+ malo osungirako ndi kupereka ndalama zamalire 20% pa kuyambika kwa maluso oyenerera.
  • Maiko ena — Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, ndi Madhya Pradesh ayambitsanso malamulo oyambira ndi ndalama zothandizira kulipira ndalama, kuthandizira chichirikizo, ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi R&D.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa zoyesayesa za boma kumatsimikizira kuti kuyambika kwa maluŵa kungasankhe malo ogwirizana ndi maindasitale awo oima, odula, ndi opezeka ndi maluso.

Mavuto ndi Zopinga

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zachilengedwe za ku India zikukula, zimafunika kusamala nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kupeza Malipiro a Makampani Opereka Ndalama Akadali Aang’ono

Pamene kuli kwakuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za kampani zayamba kuchuluka, likulu la masiteji a kumapeto kwa chigawo (Sterees C ndi kumbuyo) likuchepera poyerekezera ndi United States ndi China. Kuyamba kwa Aindiya ambiri kumakhala ndi "mphindi wa imfa" pamene afuna kulemera koma safuna kukopa makampani aakulu a malonda. Bungwe la Boma la Fund lapanga ndalama zimenezi, koma ndalama zake nzaling'ono malinga ndi kukwera kwa likulu la boma. Kuwonjezera apo, makampani a makampani a inshuwalansi (ndalama, makampani a inshuwalansi) sapezeka kwenikweni kuchokera ku ku ku kuyambitsa kwa makampani.

Ntchito Yokakamiza

Ngakhale kuti magenage Indiya anayambitsa zikalata zodzilembetsera kaamba ka malamulo ena, mayambiriro amayang'anizanabe ndi zofunika zogwirizana zocholoŵana pansi pa GST, msonkho wa malipiro, lamulo la kampani, ndi malamulo a chigawo (m’chitsanzo, chisungiko cha chakudya, kutumiza ma jointchi). Kuchuluka kwa kulembetsa ndi kusintha kwalamulo kobwerezabwereza kumapanga ulamuliro umene umapambutsa oyambitsa ntchito zazikulu za malonda.

Kupereŵera kwa Malonda ndi Kulephera Kudziŵa Ntchito

India amapanga chiŵerengero chachikulu cha omaliza maphunziro, koma ambiri alibe maluso othandiza ofunika poyambitsa luso la zopangapanga. Sayansi ya zamoyo, AI/ML, maluso a zopangapanga, ndi luso la zachinsinsi za pa Intaneti zili m’makwanirde ambiri ndipo n’zochepa. Maprogramu a Skill India ndi a za yunivesite akuthandiza, koma kusiyanako kukupitirizabe, makamaka m’zopangapanga zimene zayamba kupangidwa.

Mipingo ya Mabotolo Omanga Zinthu m’Mizinda ya Tier-2 / 3

Pamene kuli kwakuti boma limalimbikitsa malonda kupitirira metros, mizinda monga Lucknow, Indore, ndi Jaipur imayang'anizanabe ndi magetsi osadalirika, malo ogwirizana a pa intaneti, ndi malo ochepa ogwirira ntchito. Ntchito ya BharatNet (kupimira ku midzi) ndi kuwonjezereka kwa 5G ikuyembekezeredwa kuwongolera zimenezi, koma kupita patsogolo kumachedwa.

Kuthawa Mavuto

Malo ndi oikizira ndalama amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopitira ku likulu la dziko la India. Malonda a IPO asintha (m'chitsanzo, Zomato, Paytm, PolicyBazaar), koma misika yachiŵiri yochitira zinthu zaumwini ndi yochepa, ndipo M&A ndi ntchito yotsika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Boma linayambitsa mapulogalamu a "Setup IPO" okhala ndi zofunika zotsika, koma pali malire.

Kuona Zinthu Mtsogolo ndi Chiyeneretso

Poyang’ana kutsogolo, boma la India likuyembekezeredwa kuwongolera malamulo ake oyamba m’njira zingapo:

  • Kutsimikizira kugonjera: A "startup" amene amagwirizanitsa GST, msonkho wa malipiro, ndi kulembetsa kwa chigawo cha boma kungachepetse kugaŵanitsidwa kwatsopano. Mfundo yakuti "Umboni wa Kusintha Plan Game" (BRAP) ikufuna kugonjera ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi yozungulira.
  • Malamulo a ndalama oyendetsedwa: Kufutukula Ndalama za Ndalama kupyola 76100,000 ndi kulola ndalama zapansi ya m'nyumba kuikiza ku kampani ya likulu (m', kudzera ku "kudalira malikulu a dziko lonse") kukhoza kutsegula mapeto a likulu la chigawo chapamwamba.
  • [[FLT :0] Kusumika maganizo kwa sayansi ndi R&D kwamphamvu:[FLT :1] Kuwonjezera bajeti ya ndalama za R&D ndi kupanga malo opangira zinthu zatsopano (monga m'mlengalenga, biotech, ndi genetics) kudzathandiza India kupikisana ndi maluso a zogaŵika. [FLT:] National Deep Tech Progation Policy [1] (pamutu pake) cholinga chopereka chichirikizo cha zinthu ndi mayambidwe a sayansi.
  • Kugwirizanitsa kwa padziko lonse: maprogramu osinthana ndi kuyambika kwa Bilate, kusungunula malamulo a visa kwa oyambitsa achilendo, ndi kugwirizana ndi ma aiski a padziko lonse (monga Y Coudator ndi Tech Stars) angathandize kuyamba kwa Amwenye kufika ku misika ndi likulu la dziko lonse.
  • Kuyang'anira kwa ndandanda ya zamankhwala: [[FLT :1] Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi kuchokera ku malo a state India ndi magwero ena kungathandize opanga malamulo kudziŵikitsa mipeni ya botolo ndi njira zoyendera. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi "kufufuza zaumoyo" ku boma ndi mlingo wa chigawo kuwongolera mpambo wa zopereka.

Kuyambika kwa dziko la India kuli ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ntchito yosatha ya boma, yosonyezedwa ndi kugawidwa kwa bajeti, kusintha kwa dongosolo, ndi malo oyendetsera zinthu, imapereka maziko olimba. Komabe, kuzindikira kuti kuthekera kwake konseko kudzafuna kugwirizana kopitirizabe pakati pa maboma apakati ndi a boma, chigawo cha anthu, academia, ndi chitaganya choyambirira.

Kwa oyambitsa malowa, ziŵiya za boma monga ngati Sutup India portal , kulowa mu Atarin Invertion Mission , ndi kukhalabe odziŵitsidwa ponena za malamulo a boma akukhalabe ofunika. Mwakuchilikiza, amalonda a India ali okonzekera kuthetsa mavuto a kumalo ndi dziko lonse, kupanga phindu lachuma ndi la chitaganya.