Mbali ya Boma ndi Maboma a M’kukula kwa Kukonderana kwa Mafuko

Kugaŵana kwa mafuko m'mautumiki a anthu onse . Monga ngati maphunziro, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo, nyumba, zoyendera, ndi chiweruzo chaupandu, siziri chabe choloŵa cha m'mbuyo; izo zimapitirizidwa lerolino ndi tsankho la dongosolo ndi kugaŵira padera kwa chuma. Maboma m'boma ndi milingo ya kumaloko ali ndi malo apadera oloŵerera, okhala ndi ulamuliro ndi okhala ndi anthu. Mosiyana ndi malamulo a boma, amene angakhale otakata ndi ochedwa kuzoloŵera, boma ndi maboma akomweko angapereke njira zothetsera, mfundo za mawu achidule zimene zimayambitsa mizu ya kuchuluka kwa anthu. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mmene malamulo, matauni, ndi matauni kuzungulira United States akugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a mafuko kufupi ndi mautumiki a anthu, ochirikizidwa ndi ntchito ndi mabizinesi a anthu a mafuko, kuchirikiza mabizinesi, kugwirizana ndi kuchirikiza mabizinesi a anthu aungwe a m’chitaganya.

Kuzindikira Kuzama kwa Kusiyana kwa Fuko ndi Kukula Kwake

Kuti apange malamulo ogwira mtima, opanga zosankha ayenera choyamba kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kusiyana kwa mafuko. Mipata imeneyi imaonekera pafupifupi m'malo alionse a utumiki wapoyera:

Maphunziro

Ana asukulu Black ndi Latino amachuluka kwambiri m'masukulu a Black osakhala apamwamba ndi aphunzitsi, zipangizo zachikale, ndi ziŵerengero zapamwamba za ophunzira ku mapulogalamu. Malinga ndi National Center for Education Statistics , 40 peresenti yokha ya ophunzira a Black amapita ku masamu ndi maphunziro a sayansi omwe amapereka maphunziro okwanira, poyerekezera ndi 67% ya ophunzira oyera. Maphunziro ameneŵa amatembenuza ku maphunziro otsika ndi kupeza ndalama zochepa za moyo wawo wonse.

Kusamalira thanzi

Mitundu ya anthu ndi mafuko imakhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa matenda osatha, kuyembekezera kwa moyo wochepera, ndi kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwa kusamala. Kaiser Family Foundation maripoti akuti Akuda a America ali 60% okhoza kufa ndi matenda a shuga kuposa azungu a ku America, pamene madera a Eni America ali ndi milingo yapamwamba kwambiri yosapeŵeka ya gulu lililonse la fuko. Zosankha za chigawo cha Medicaid zili ndi chiyambukiro chachindunji chachikulu chimene chiwonjezedwa ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa mafuko m'miyendo.

Nyumba ndi Zoyendera

Kusintha ndi kugaŵana kwanthaŵi zonse kwachititsa kusoŵa kwa chuma ndi malo okhala. Malo aang'ono kaŵirikaŵiri alibe kudutsa kwapoyera kodalirika, njira zopezera nyumba zotchipa, ndi kupezeka ku masitolo kapena mapaki. Urban Institute [1] yasonyeza mmene malamulo amaikira malamulo m'madera ambiri akutali kwambiri osapeza phindu lochepa ndi anthu ochepa, kuwonjezera umphaŵi m'matauni.

Chilungamo Chaupandu ndi Chigwirizano

Kusagwirizana m'zaupolisi, ziŵerengero za anthu omangidwa, ndi kuweruza n’zolembedwa bwino. Anthu akuda ndi achilatini ali othekera kuimitsidwa, kufufuzidwa, ndi kuikidwa m’ndende chifukwa cha milandu yofanana ndi imeneyi poyerekezera ndi azungu. Malamulo a m'maderawo agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kusintha ndalama za belo, ndi mapulogalamu onyamulitsa zinthu amathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kusayenera kumeneku.

Siteshoni 1: Kusiyanitsa Kuposa Kudziŵika kwa Zigwirizano

Maboma ambiri tsopano akusonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa nkhani zosiyanitsa mitundu, fuko, ndi kugonana kwa anthu motsatira mfundo za boma.

Zitsanzo za Anthu Oyamba Kudziŵa Zinthu

  • Shashington Wopereka Malo onse a Boma: Dongosolo limeneli limayenda ndi maupandu a thanzi mwa mpikisano kudutsana ndi mainsurensi, kutheketsa boma kusiyanitsa magulu okhala ndi ziŵerengero zapamwamba za kugoneka m’chipatala ndi otetezera.
  • Fuko ndi Chilungamo cha Mayanjano Akuyamba: Mzinda umafuna kuti dipatimenti iriyonse ipereke kusanthula kwa pachaka kwa fuko Squaty Torkit kaamba ka zosankha zazikulu zonse za malamulo, kupendanso chidziŵitso cha mmene lamulolo limayambukirira magulu a mafuko osiyanasiyana.
  • . . . . . . . . . Atapeza kuti ana akuda anapititsidwa ku mathero osungidwa kwambiri pa nthaŵi 3.5 anthu awo akugawana nawo, boma linayambitsa programu yotetezera makompyuta imene inachepetsa kuikidwa kwa zinthu ndi 20% m’zaka zitatu.

Kusonkhanitsa zinthu kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo, ndi mfundo za anthu kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zachinsinsi ndi kupeŵa kulimbikitsa mfundo zofala.

Njira Yachiwiri: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Manda ndi Kupereka Malipiro

Kugwiritsa ntchito bajeti mwachikhalidwe kumawonjezera kusakondera mwa kupereka ndalama zochokera ku malamulo a mbiri yakale amene amathandiza madera olemera.

Maprogramu Amene Amagwira Ntchito

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey ndi Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . ndalama zothandizira ophunzira okhoza kugula ophunzira otsika ndi ophunzira Chingelezi, kuchepetsa chipambano m'zaka khumi zapitazo.
  • Health Equty Investice Fund: Mizinda ingapo, kuphatikizapo Baltimore ndi Philadelphia, yakhazikitsa ndalama zopatulira zothandizira anthu oletsa thanzi, monga ngati kusakhazikika kwa nyumba ndi zipululu za chakudya [1] madera okhala ndi anthu ochepa.
  • Judget Bauding tranking : Authority Transportation Transportation mu New York City tsopano imaika ndalama za malikulu zozikidwa pa “chilozero cha matransting ” chimene chimalingalira za kuyandikira kwa zopezedwa zochepera ndi anthu ochepa ku mizera ya pansi panthaka ndi mabasi.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kulinganiza ndalamazo ndi ndalamazo zokhazokha, ndipo zikatero mabungwe a boma apempha kuti aone mmene ndalama zimene apemphazo zidzachepetsere zinthu zosafunika, osati kuzisunga.

Njira Yachitatu: Kupititsa Patsogolo Ntchito ya Policy ndi Kutenga Nayo Ntchito m’Chigwirizano ndi Anthu

Maboma ndi maboma akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti alimbikitse mawu a anthu amene akhudzidwa kwambiri.

Machitidwe Abwino Koposa

  • Community Advisory Boards: [1] Portland , Ofesi ya Equty ndi Ufulu Waumunthu ya Oregon imakhazikitsa komiti ya chitaganya yomwe imaphatikizapo ziŵalo za Black, Indone, ndi anthu a mitundu (BIPOC) kupenda malamulo onse olingaliridwa kaamba ka ziyambukiro za kulinganiza.
  • Kulinganiza Malamulo kwa Partication: M'mizinda monga Chicago ndi Durham, nzika zimavota mwachindunji mmene zingagwiritsirire ntchito mbali ya ndalama za m'boma. Zimenezi zachititsa kuikizira ndalama m'mapaki, magetsi a m’misewu, ndi m'malo a anthu m'madera amene analandira zochepa m'mbuyomu.
  • Mwakugwiritsira ntchito Kampani Yopimira: Maboma akuchirikiza mautumiki opezera zinenero, magwirizanidwe a chitaganya kuchokera ku timagulu tating'ono, ndi kuchititsa misonkhano panthaŵi ndi malo oyenerera mabanja ogwira ntchito.

Maboma ambiri ayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito “bokosiloti” poletsa ntchito ndi kutengera zinthu zina, ndipo achotsa mafunso a upandu pa mafomu oyambirira a ntchito kuti achepetse tsankho la fuko la anthu olemba ntchito.

Njira Yachinayi: Kukhazikitsa Malamulo ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Maboma ndi mabungwe a boma apereka ndalama zambiri pofuna kuthetsa tsankho ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kulipeza.

Malamulo Otchuka

  • Kate ya Chilungamo cha Utundu : [[FLT:] Lamulo limeneli la 2020 limalola oimbidwa mlandu kutokosa zikhululukiro kapena zigamulo zozikidwa pa umboni wa tsankho la upandu m'dongosolo la chiweruzo. Ilo latsogolera kale ku kuipidwa m'zochitika zingapo kumene oweruza milandu a Black sanatchule oweruza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maboma opitirira 500 amafuna kuti makampani aike pambali chigawo chimodzi cha makampani monga nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa. Ambiri mwa malamulo ameneŵa amalimbana mwachindunji ndi kugwirizanitsa mafuko mwa kuyambitsa mabanja a m'madera a m'mbiri ogaŵanitsidwa.
  • Kusamalira Subreauted Expand: [[FLT :1] Madziko amene anafutukula Medicaid pansi pa Affordble Care Act anawona kutsika kwakukulu koposa m'mipata yopanda chiwonkhetso. Mwachitsanzo, ku Kentucky, mlingo wosatsimikizirika wa anthu akuda anatsika kuchokera 20% kufikira 8% pambuyo pa kufutukuka.
  • Police Reform Legislation: Malamulo oletsa malo otsekereza, ofuna makamera a thupi, ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe oyang’anira ankhondo ngofala kwambiri m'maiko okhala ndi kugawana kwamphamvu ndi magulu a chilungamo a mafuko.

Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu amathandizanso. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la California Air Resources Board lapanga “chipangizo chopangira mapu apamwamba [1] kuti atsimikizire kuti kuchepetsa kuipitsa kuyenera kuchititsa kuti malo okhala anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhale otchuka.

Masiteshoni 5: Ulendo Wogwira Ntchito Pagulu

Palibe boma limene lili ndi chuma kapena luso lokwanira lothetsera kusiyana kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Ubale ndi zipatala zosapindulitsa, mabungwe a chitaganya, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe a kagulu ka anthu angawonjezere mphamvu.

Zitsanzo Zogwira Mtima

  • Kuyamba kwa Kusintha kwa Maonekedwe: Manesewero a kampani asonkhanitsa pamodzi zigawo za sukulu, madipatimenti a zaumoyo, ndi magulu osapanga phindu m'madera ambiri kuti ana a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka ntchito. Mu Cincinnati, njira imeneyi inachepetsa mpata wa kupambana kwa mafuko m'kuŵerenga kwachitatu ndi 10 peresenti ya zaka zisanu.
  • Kuthandizana kwamphamvu: [[FLT :1] maprogramu ambiri a boma lino a Medicaid ndi akuluakulu a nyumba kupereka chithandizo cha lendi ndi mautumiki ozungulira kwa anthu a mitundu yosoŵa pokhala. Ku Oregon, kugwirizana koteroko kunachepetsa 40% ya maulendo a m'chipinda changozi pakati pa anthu otengamo mbali.
  • Travention Equaty Coalitions :[FLT ] Ku Atlanta, gulu la ochirikiza apaulendo, magulu a ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndi mabizinesi akumaloko anagula mwachipambano msonkho wa ndalama zogulitsa ndalama kuti apereke ndalama zowonjezera njanji ku malo ang'onong'ono otsika opimira.

Komabe, maboma ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano umenewu sulepheretsa anthu kuyankha mlandu kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zimene zilipo.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Zotsatirapo ndi Maphunziro

Madison, Wisconsin: Kulankhula ndi miyambo Yosiyana

Pambuyo pa kufufuza kwa boma kuvumbula kuti madalaivala a Black anali othekera kutengedwa kuŵirikiza kanayi kuposa oyendetsa azungu, Dipatimenti ya Madison Police inapanga kusintha kokulira kwa kuima kwa magalimoto. Dipatimentiyo inayamba kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha malembo olakwika, oyang'anira ophunzitsidwanso atsamunda a kugalukira kotheratu, ndi kutengera lamulo loyamba la kuchenjeza anthu opatuka. Pazaka zitatu, kusiyana kwa mafuko m'malekezero pa 35%. Bungwe lofufuza la boma lokhala ndi anthu okhala m’madera oyambukiridwa ndi mavuto linapereka chivomerezo chosalekeza.

Colorado: Kupeza Makhalidwe Abwino

Office of Behavioral Health ya Colorado inayambitsa “Health Equity Fund [1] makamaka ya anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amene apeza ndalama zothandizira anthu amaganizo ogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ku madera asanu apafupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zachikhalidwe m’midzi ya Enibala America. Programuyi ikufunanso kuti anthu onse opereka chithandizo aphunzire pachaka. Kufufuza anapeza kuti kumaliza kwa makampani a anthu a ku Black kwakwera kuchokera pa 55% mpaka 78% pa zaka ziŵiri.

King County, Washington: Chitukuko Chosalekeza

King County anagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yake yomanga malo ake kupangira “kutukuka kwa njira zoyendera zopitira [1] madera pafupi ndi masiteshoni atsopano a magetsi. Opititsa patsogolo amafunikira kuphatikizapo nyumba zotchipa, ndipo anthu othaŵa kwawo kuchokera kumadera osinthasintha a m'mbiri. Mfupoyo inakhazikitsanso dziko lodalira anthu kuti atsimikizire kuti ndalama zimene zilipo zikhoza kupezeka. Kuyambira 2018, nyumba zokwana 1,200 zamangidwa m’madera ameneŵa, ndipo 60% amachokera kumadera ena a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mavuto Amene Amalepheretsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zathu

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zayenda bwino chonchi, pali zinthu zina zimene zikuwalepheretsa kuchita zimenezi.

Kukana Kusintha

Kuchokera ku okonza malo ndi mabungwe a apolisi . M’mizinda ina, malamulo a nyumba zotchipa afooketsedwa ndi zitokoso za lamulo kapena kusonkhezera. Kutsutsa kwa anthu onse “nthanthi yotsutsa fuko” kwachititsa kukambirana kodetsa nkhaŵa ponena za kusiyana kwa mafuko m’masukulu. Kulaka zimenezi kumafuna kulimbikitsa pamodzi ndi kulankhulana komveka bwino kwa mmene malamulo a chilungamo amapindulitsira aliyense.

Kuchepa kwa Chuma ndi Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu

Maboma angathandize mwa kupereka chithandizo ndi malamulo apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, National League of Cities imapereka “Racial Equality and Inclusion Stutter Office , maofesi a maofesi a maofesi, ndi maluso a za chidziŵitso.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kusiyana kwa Kuŵerengera

Malamulo ambiri sasintha n’kukhala ogwirizana kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Popanda kusimba nkhani ndi zotsatirapo zake nthaŵi zonse chifukwa cholephera kuchepetsa kusiyana, njira zoyendera zingalephereke. Maboma ayenera kulinganiza zizindikiro za kugwira ntchito moyenera kukhala malipoti a chaka ndi chaka ndi kulinganiza bajeti kuti apite patsogolo.

Ngozi ya Zotulukapo Zosayembekezeredwa

Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa apolisi kopitirira malire kungapangitse kuti apolisi asiye kugwira ntchito yapolisi m’madera ochepa, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti umbanda ukhale wochuluka.

Njira Zamtsogolo: Kusintha kwa Maselo

Kuti athetsedi kusiyana kwa mafuko m'mautumiki a boma, boma ndi maboma a kumaloko ayenera kudutsa pa maprogramu a oyendetsa ndege ndi njira imodzi yokha. Dera lotsatira limaphatikizapo kusintha kwa dongosolo la zinthu:

  • Kukhazikitsa ma Ofesi a Boma a Nsonga ya Malo: Maboma angapo , kuphatikizapo Washington, Oregon, ndi New Jersey . Wakhazikitsa maofesi opatulira achiweruzo okhala ndi ulamuliro wa kupenda bajeti zonse zolingaliridwa ndi malamulo a chiyambukiro cha fuko.
  • Kukopa “Kuyenera mu Chikhalidwe Chake” Mafoloji: Kufanana ndi “Umoyo m'Chikhalidwe Chachikulu,” maboma angafune kuti dipatimenti iriyonse ilingalire za kulingana kwa ufuko m'zochitika zake zazikulu zopanga zosankha.
  • Kusintha kwa Masinthidwe Aatali a Term: Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo malamulo obwezera monga ngati malo opereka malo kaamba ka malo a m'madera akale osinthika, kulandidwa kwaulere kwa koleji m'malo otsika opezedwa, ndi kutsimikizira oyendetsa ndege ndalama kaamba ka madera a anthu ochepa.
  • Kumanga maofesi a Intenearnational Cap: Fund ingafunikire kuchirikiza kutukulidwa kwa utsogoleri m'madera a mitundu kotero kuti zosankha za malamulo zipangidwe ndi awo amene akukhala ndi moyo.

Zipangizo zamakono zimaperekanso zipangizo zatsopano. Makina opanga makina angathandize kuzindikira kaganizidwe kake popereka utumiki, koma kokha ngati maajensi anapangidwa mwa kuyang’anira chitaganya ndi kuonekera kwa magetsi.

Kumaliza: Kufunitsitsa Kupitiriza Kuchitapo Kanthu

Kusiyana kwa mafuko m'mautumiki a anthu si kosapeŵeka. Zili choncho chifukwa cha zaka mazana ambiri za zosankha za ndale, ndipo zingathetsedwe mwa kuchitapo kanthu mwadala, umboni wozikidwa pa dziko ndi malo a dziko. Kusonkhanitsa kwa zaumoyo, kulinganiza, kuphatikiza, kukonzanso malamulo, ndi kugwirizana kwa magulu otsagana kukupanga chida champhamvu. Komabe palibe njira zimenezi zimene zidzapambana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zandale, ndalama zokwanira, ndi kudzipereka kosagwedezeka kwa kuzika mawu a anthu okhudzidwa kwambiri. Pamene maboma ambiri amatsatira mapanganowa, umboni umakula , ndipo umboni wa chitaganya choyenerera kupambana. Ntchitoyi njovuta, koma mtengo wa ntchitoyi ndi wotayikitsa, wathanzika, wathanzika, ndi wowonongeka, ndi anthu ambiri.