Chikalata Chokhalitsa: Mmene Chilengezo cha Kudziimira Paokha Chimasinthira Ulamuliro wa America Lerolino

Chilengezo cha Ufulu wa Anthu, chomwe chinasainidwa m'chilimwe cha 1776, ndi chimodzi cha mawu amphamvu kwambiri andale amene sanalembedwepo. Komabe, masiku ano chingaoneke ngati cholembedwa chafumbi. Chikalatachi chimakhala ndi zikalata za fumbi zongoikidwa pa zigala, maholide a dziko, ndi kubwereza mawu asukulu zapamwamba. Chikalatachi chimaona kuti n’chachikulu, mphamvu yamoyo. Chilengezo si chikalata cha kubadwa kwa dzikolo, ndicho njira yake yogwira ntchito. Chimapereka maziko a ufilosofi, mawu a makhalidwe, ndi muyezo walamulo lachikhalidwe cha dziko lonse la United States.

Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a U.S. ali kapangidwe kalamulo ndipo Bwalo Lapamwamba liri womasulira wamkulu wa lamulo limenelo, Chilengezocho chiri kampasi ya makhalidwe a dziko. Ndicho muyezo umene boma lenilenilo limaweruzidwa. Kumvetsetsa mmene Chilengezo cha Kudziimira paokha chikupitirizira kuumba boma la United States lerolino kumafunikiritsa kuyang'ana kupyola pa mapwando a July 4 ndi kuloŵa m’zifukwa zimene zimasonkhezera lamulo la America, ndale zadziko, ndi kuzindikiritsa dziko.

DNA ya Chifaniziro: Kulingana, Ufulu Wachibadwa, ndi Kugwirizana kwa Makhalidwe a Anthu

Mandime oyambirira a Chikalatacho, olembedwa ndi Thomas Jefferson, ndiwo mawu otchulidwa ndi otsutsidwa kwambiri m’mbiri ya ndale zadziko ya America. Anatembenuza malingaliro ocholoŵana a anzeru ounikiridwa monga John Locke m’chiphunzitso chachidule, chokhwima chimene kwenikweni chinasintha chifuno cha boma.

Choonadi Chodzionetsera Chakulingana kwa Anthu

Mawu akuti "anthu onse alengedwa olingana" anali kuukira mwachindunji malamulo a ufumu ndi apamwamba a m’zaka za zana la 18. Inalengeza kuti palibe munthu amene amabadwa ndi ufulu waumulungu kulamulira ena. Chiganizo chimodzi chimenechi chinakhazikitsa kulingana monga mkhalidwe wachibadwa wa anthu ndi kulinganiza kwa ndale zadziko kwa mtundu watsopano. Boma la U.S. lerolino, lamulo limeneli ndi maziko a Chitetezo cha Wolinganiza Claus wa Destmented of 14 Demeterment, chimene chimafuna kuti boma lililonse lipereke chitetezo chofanana kwa anthu onse okhala m’manja mwake. Ufulu wa boma umayesedwa mosalekeza pa muyezowu. Kuweruza kwa fuko, kulingana kwa kugonana, kusamuka, ndi ufulu wonse wa kumasulira kwa "kudziwonda" kukakamiza anthu kukhazikitsa malamulo osiyana. Pamene boma liyenera kulungamitsa kumbuyo, chilengezo cha kutse.

Ufulu Wosalandirika ndi Malire a Mphamvu

Chilengezocho chimazindikiritsa motchuka "Mofe, Liberty ndi kulondola Chimwemwe" kukhala zoyenera zosalandidwa. Kusankha liwu "osalandidwa" kuli kofunika; kutanthauza kuyenera kumeneku sikungaperekedwe, kusamutsidwa, kapena kuchotsedwa. Filosofi imeneyi imaika malire aakulu pa ulamuliro wa boma. Boma silili wopatsa ufulu umenewu; ndilo [[FLT: 0] kusagwirizana kwa iwo].

  • Moyo: imatetezera kutetezereka kwa kuthupi ndi kukhalapo kwa nzika, kudziŵitsa malamulo molimbana ndi chiwawa cha boma ndi mikangano yopitirizabe pa chilango cha imfa ndi kuchotsa mimba.
  • [[NTL: 0] Zigamulo zachinsinsi: Malo a ufulu wochuluka, kuyambira pa kutetezeredwa kwa 1st Amendment kwa kulankhula ndi chipembedzo mpaka ku kutsimikizira kwa 5 depresser. Zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu pa zachinsinsi, kudzilamulira kwa thupi, ndi kusankha kwaumwini (monga mu [FLT:]]Grislold v. Connecticut[[FL:3]] ndi [[FL:]Obergefell v. Hodges[FL:5]]) kaŵirikaŵiri amalondola mzeranofuko wawo mwachindunji ku ufulu umenewu, kumvetsetsa kwa filosofi.
  • Pursuit of Friever: A liwu lofalikira kwambiri kuposa chabe "kutchuka" (kumene Locke anakugwiritsira ntchito). Limatanthauza kuyenera kwa kufuna kukhutiritsa kwaumwini, mwaŵi wa zachuma, ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya munthu, ngati sikunaswe ufulu wa ena. Mawuwa amazikidwa pa kuyenera kwa Amereka kwa kutchuka ndi kudzidalira.

Kuvomereza kwa Ulamuliro Wolamulidwa ndi Wotchuka

Chikalata cha Declaration chigamulo chakuti maboma "aye] mphamvu zawo zolungama kuchokera ku chivomerezo cha olamulidwa" ndilo maziko a demokrase ya Amereka . Lamulo la ulamuliro wotchuka limeneli likunena kuti ulamuliro wa boma umayenda kuchokera kwa anthu, osati kwa mfumu kapena gulu lolamulira. Izi zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kupyolera mwa mapangidwe a boma la U.S.:

  • Democratic Evolution: Nthaŵi zonse, kwaulere, ndi moyenera ndi njira yoyamba yopezera chilolezo.
  • Boma loimira: [1] Nzika zimapatsa ulamuliro akuluakulu osankhidwa amene ali ndi mlandu kwa iwo.
  • Consitutical Ratiation : Malamulo enieniwo amayamba ndi "Ife Anthu," ndi kupeputsa kwake kunafunikira chivomerezo cha misonkhano yapadera m'maboma.

Nkhondo zachiweruzo zamakono zoletsa kuyendetsa, malamulo osankha, ndi ndalama za chigawo, zili, m’lingaliro lawo lakuya, nkhondo za mmene ‘ kuvomerezana ’ kumaperekedwera ndi kuyesedwa. Pamene nzika zilingalira kuti voti lawo likusungunulidwa kapena mawu awo akunyalanyazidwa, iwo akutsutsa mokhutiritsa kuti boma laswa phindu la maziko la Chikalatacho.

Kuchokera ku Chikhulupiriro Kufikira ku Lamulo: Kupanga Lamulo la Malamulo ndi Mlanduwo

Ngati Chilengezocho ndichikalata cha filosofi "chifukwa ninji" cha kuyesa kwa ku America, Konsichushoni ndi yothandiza "mmene iriri. Opanga mafomu anakumana ku Philadelphia zaka 11 pambuyo pake kukhazikitsa dongosolo lalamulo lokhoza kukwaniritsa masomphenya osintha a Chikalatacho. Chikalata chimene anatulutsa nchodzala ndi malamulo a 1776.

Mlanduwo wa Ufulu wa Anthu Monga Chitetezo cha Malamulo

Chigwirizano chachindunji pakati pa Chikalata ndi Malamulo ndi Chikalata cha Ufulu. Mkati mwa mkangano woletsa ufulu. Pambuyo pa kutsutsana kwa kuletsa, Anti-Federalist ananena kuti popanda chitetezo chenicheni, boma latsopano lamphamvu lidzapondereza ufulu wosasinthika umene Chikalatacho chinalengeza. Kusintha kwa khumi ndi kutsata kwalamulo kwalamulo kwa ufulu wa boma ndi kuletsa kuswa. Mpatuko wa 1st Amereka imateteza ufulu wa chikumbumtima, kulankhula, ndi msonkhano. Mpando wa 4 umateteza chitetezo cha moyo ndi chuma ku ku kufunafuna kosalolera. Kusintha kwa 5 kutsimikizira kuti munthu aliyense sakufuna kukhala "wona moyo, ufulu, ufulu, kapena katundu, popanda njira yoyenerera ya lamulo. Malamulo 9 akuti ufuluwo sachotsa ufulu wa anthu kapena kuchotsa ufulu wa anthu ena.

Kusintha Maganizo Abwino

Chikalatachi chinapereka ndandanda yaitali ya milandu yokhudza Mfumu George III m'Chikalatachi. Kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro molakwika kulikonse kunafotokozedwa kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa maFramers anagamula kuletsa. Chidandaulo chakuti Mfumu inali ndi "Manyumba Oimira Osungunulidwa" mobwerezabwereza chinatsogolera ku Mfundo I, Chigawo 4, chimene chimatsimikizira misonkhano ya nthaŵi zonse ya Congress . Mlandu wokhudza kuima kwa asilikali popanda chilolezo cha malamulo unasonkhezera makonzedwe alamulo akuti asilikali ali ogonjera ulamuliro wa boma ndi kuti kutsutsa kwa gulu lankhondo sikungakhalitse zaka zoposa ziŵiri. Chidandaulo cha "kukhazikitsa Kuyang'anira Kwachilungamo cha Chilungamo" chinatsogolera kukhazikitsa kwa bungwe lodziimira ndi moyo wa oweruza khumi. Lamulolo lina limakhudza njira zambiri, makina alamulo alamulo ovomerezedwa ndi lamulo kuti aperekezembe chilengezo.

Mpumulo wa 14: Kutseka Mpata

Kukula kwakukulu kwa lamulo logwirizanitsa Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chikalata ndi ulamuliro wamakono ndi kwa 1476, kovomerezedwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiweniweni. Mawu ake , Tsimishoni, Tsimikishoni, ndi Kutetezedwa , adalinganizidwa bwino lomwe kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a Chikalata cha Chikalata cha kulingana ndi ufulu ku maboma. Ulendowo unayamba mu 1776 unakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu 1868, kukhazikitsa maziko alamulo a Chigwirizano cha Zisankho, kuphatikizapo Bill of Rights Rights Commotion, ndi chigamulo cha chilungamo chachikulu cha mayanjano cha zaka mazana 20 ndi 21. [FL:] Kuŵerenga malemba onse a Declaracy of Independetion pa National kuti muone chinenero choyambirira cha lamulo lonselo.

Chikalata Chokhudza Malamulo ndi Zandale

M’mbiri yonse ya ku America, Chikalatachi chakhala chida chopulupudza kwambiri pa nthaŵi zovuta kwambiri m’dzikolo, chimene chagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasulira Malamulo ndi kuchititsa boma kukhala ndi mlandu ku mfundo zake zapamwamba.

Lincoln, Adiresi ya Gettysburg, ndi Kumangidwanso

Pulezidenti Abraham Lincoln anagwirizanitsa kwambiri kuyambika kwa dzikolo. Iye anaona Chikalatacho osati monga chilengezo cha mbiri, komanso monga " shiti yoteteza " ya Republic. Ku Gettysburg, adamasuliranso Union kukhala mtundu "umene unaikidwa mu Ufulu, ndi kuperekedwa ku mfundo yakuti anthu onse alengedwa mofanana. Iye anatsutsa kuti Lamulolo linali maziko, koma chikalatacho chinali moyo. Emancipation Proclation ndi Previl War Commusements inali ntchito yadala yochotsa mtundu wa ukapolo ndi kukakamiza dongosolo lalamulo kuti ligwirizane ndi makhalidwe abwino a 1776.

Frederick Douglas ndi "Chikalata Chonena za Mtsogolo"

Frederick Douglas, wotsutsa wamkulu ndi wolankhula, anachita Chilengezocho ndi chiyambukiro chosakaza. M'nkhani yake yotchuka 1852, "Kodi Kapoloyo ndi uti wachinayi ? ? . . adatcha Chikalatacho "Kupulumutsidwa" malamulo a ufulu wandale ndi chilungamo chachibadwa. Anafuna kuti mtunduwo ukhale mogwirizana ndi mawu akeawo okha oyambitsa. Douglas anasonyeza mphamvu yake monga chida chotsutsa ndi kukonzanso zinthu. Iye anasunga boma ku mfundo zake, njira imene idzagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zana limodzi pambuyo pake ndi Martin Luther King Jr.

Gulu la Ufulu Wachiŵeniŵeni ndi Makhoti

M’zaka za zana la 20, Chilengezocho chinakhala choyendera makhalidwe abwino a Chigwirizano cha Chiŵeruziko. Martin Luther King Jr. motchuka anachilozera monga "prositiory" m'mawu ake "Ndili ndi Maloto", akumanena kuti boma linali lolephera pa thayo lake la kusungitsa ufulu wa moyo, ufulu, ndi kulondola chimwemwe kwa nzika zonse. Chitsenderezo cha makhalidwe abwino chinayambitsa chiwembu cha Chiyeneretso cha Chiletso cha Chiletso cha 1964 ndi Choyenera Kulamulira Malamulo a Pambuyo pa chikalata cha . Khoti Lapamwamba linayamba kupereka lamulo lalamulo lalamulo lalamulo la lamulo la lamulo. [FLD: 0] Brown v. Board ya maphunziro a maphunziro [FLD:5] (194), Khoti la Malamulo apamwamba a Khotilometi lake "kulephera kugamula mawu olakwika] kumbuyo kwa chiganizo la lamulo la . [Flaidensi: 76]

Kusintha Malonda ndi Kusatha

Chilengezo cha Kudziimira paokha si chinthu chachikale; ndicho muyezo wa moyo umene ukupitirizabe kuumba nkhani za mkangano zoyang’anizana ndi boma la United States lerolino.

Ntchito Yosaletsedwa ya Kulingana

Kulimbana pakati pa chinenero cha padziko lonse ndi kulephera kwa mbiri ya dzikolo kukukhalabe nkhani yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa America. Mawu akuti "anthu onse alengedwa olingana" akhala nkhondo kuyambira pachiyambi. Nkhondo zamakono:

  • [[FLT: 0] Zoyesayesa za kuletsa kulowa m'mapepala amatsutsidwa monga kuswa "chivomerezo cha olamulidwa. Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu mu Shelby County v. Homer [FLT ] , chomwe chinatulutsa mbali yaikulu ya Voting Rights Act , chinayambitsa mkangano waukali ponena za ngati boma likukwaniritsa ntchito yake yotetezera ufulu wofanana.
  • Chilungamo cha Chilungamo: Kumangidwa kwa Mpatuko ndi kusiyanitsa mafuko poweruza mlandu amaikidwa monga kuswa lonjezo la Chilengezo la "Liberty" ndi chitetezo chofanana.
  • Kusalingana kwa chuma: "Kugula Chimwemwe" kumapemphedwa mowonjezereka m'mikangano ya mwaŵi wa zachuma, kukhoza maphunziro, ndi msampha wa chisungiko cha mayanjano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusuntha: Chilengezocho nchapadziko lonse ndipo sichingasinthidwe, chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "anthu onse". Izi zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi ochirikiza kutsutsa ufulu wa kukhala mbadwa ndi kuchitira chifundo alendo, mosasamala kanthu za malo alamulo.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu Mochita Kusintha Kapena Kuthandiza Anthu a ku Alter

Chikalatachi chimanena kuti anthu ali ndi ufulu wochita "atalita kapena kuchotsapo" boma limene limawononga zolinga zake. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo amapereka njira zosinthira mwa masankho ndi kusintha, lamulo losintha limeneli lidakali mphamvu yaikulu m'zandale za America. Limapereka kulungamitsa kwa nzeru za anthu chifukwa cha kutsutsa, kusamvera boma, ndi kufunsa koyambirira kwa boma. Kuchokera ku bungwe la Civil Rights ku magulu amakono otsutsa, ufulu umenewu wobwezera kumbuyo ku boma ukuonedwa kukhala choloŵa chachisungiko chachindunji kwa Ayambitsiri.

Kulimbikitsa Anthu Padziko Lonse

Boma la United States lagwiritsira ntchito kale chinenero cha Chikalatachi kukhazikitsa malamulo ake a dziko lina, kupititsa patsogolo demokrase ndi ufulu wa anthu ku mayiko ena. Chikalatachi chinakhudza mwachindunji Chilengezo cha French of the Rights of Man ndi ya nzika mu 1789 ndipo posachedwapa, Chilengezo cha Universal Declaration of Human Rights mu 1948. Ulamuliro wa boma la United States padziko lonse wagwirizana ndi kukhulupirika kwake kolingaliridwa ku malamulo ameneŵa. Kuŵerenga Chikalata cha Universal Declaration of Human Rights pa website ya UN

Chikhulupiriro Chokhala ndi Moyo Chofuna Dziko Lokhalako Mosatha

Chilengezo cha Kudziimira paokha si lamulo loyenera kukakamizidwa ndi makhoti, koma ndi chiphunzitso chimene chimapereka muyezo wotheratu wa kuyenerera kwa dongosolo lonse la boma la America. Chimauza anthu, ndi atsogoleri awo, zimene dzikolo liyenera kukhala. Ndilo lemba la maziko limene limalongosola pangano la kakhalidwe ka anthu a ku America: boma limatetezera ufulu wathu, ndipo ifenso, timavomereza.

Mbadwo uliwonse umagwiritsidwa ntchito ntchito kumasulira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachikalatacho pa mavuto ake. Malamulo amathandiza ntchito imeneyi, koma Chikalatacho chimapereka cholinga. Chikalatachi ndi gwero la zolinga zapamwamba kwambiri za mtunduwo ndi kulephera kwake kwakukulu. Malinga ngati United States ilipo, boma lake lidzaweruzidwa osati ndi mphamvu kapena chuma chake, koma ndi kukhulupirika kwake ku choonadi choonekeratu chakuti anthu onse alengedwa ndi kupatsidwa ufulu wosayerekezeka wa moyo, ufulu, ndi kulondola chimwemwe. Zimenezi ndi moyo, wokangalika, ndi chokhalitsa cha Declaration of Independetion.