Chiphunzitso Chogwirizanitsa ndi Chifuno Chake

Chiphunzitso cha Incorporation Doctrine chili chimodzi cha malamulo alamulo otchuka kwambiri m'lamulo la America, kugamula kuti ndi chitetezo chotani m'Malamulo Oyenerera chimene chimagwira ntchito ku boma ndi kumadera ena. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiphunzitso chimenechi chikufotokozedwa kaŵirikaŵiri m'nkhani za ufulu wa nzika, chimakhudza kwambiri anthu osakhala a chikhalidwe chimodzi okhala ku United States — kuphatikizapo anthu achikhalire, mabwiskripiti, ofunafuna kopulumukira, ndi osalembedwa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Chiphunzitso chovomerezeka kwa anthu osakhala a mtundu wa chivomerezo kuzungulira mbali iliyonse ya moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira mmene amayenderana ndi lamulo kufikira kaya angakhoze kulowa mchitidwe wopiti wa kulanda. Kumvetsetsa chiphunzitso chimenechi nkofunika kaamba ka kumvetsetsa anthu osakhala alamulo m'dziko la America.

Pa maziko ake, Khoti Lapamwamba likufotokoza za kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa Malamulo a U.S.: Bill of Rights poyambirira inaletsa boma la boma lokha, osati maboma. Kudzera pa 14neth Amendment ’ screate Accepment and Suctificial Clausstion, Bwalo Lapamwamba linayamba kuteteza maboma. Chifukwa cha malamulo a ufulu wa anthu osakhala a boma, njira imeneyi yosankha inayambitsa malamulo kumene — koma si onse a — Tritioneal zitetezero zopitsira anthu mosasamala kanthu za malo aunziko. Chotulukapo chake ndicho ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya ufulu wotetezera zinthu zimene zimasiyana malinga ndi nkhani ya chitetezo, anthu a &rquosss , kusamuka kwa anthu, ndi kusamuka kwa anthu.

Kukula kwa Chiphunzitso Chogwirizana ndi Mbiri

Chiphunzitso cha Incorpoiation Doctrine sichinatulukire kotheratu koma chinakula mwa mpambo wa zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba zokhalapo kwa zaka zoposa zana. Posinthira pake panakhala ndi kulembedwa kwa Jeneith Amendment mu 1868, kumene kunayambitsa chinenero choletsa malamulo kuchokera ku ku kumaniza “ munthu aliyense ” moyo, ufulu, kapena chuma popanda njira yoyenerera ya lamulo. Critical, kusinthako kunagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “pson &rdequo; mmalo mwa “tizen, ” chosankha chimene chikakhala ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu kwa anthu osakhala a m'zitekists &quo; ufulu.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, Bwalo lamilandu linayamba kugwiritsira ntchito Malo Otetezera Ufulu ku maikowo kupyolera mwa njira yosankha. Mu Gitrow v. New York (1925), Bwalo linavomereza kuti Court Conmplifictive Acterquo; kutetezera kwaufulu kwa maulamuliro kudzera pa 145 Demendment &squo; Auctives Classione. Zosankha za kuphatikizapo Demendment Athmendment &quo (MFUT), kutetezera kufunafuna kosalingalira ndi kugwidwa ndi kudwala ([FLT2]. [FLT:]], Ohov3], 1961, kutetezera kwa Fictive-F. [4]

Kwa anthu osakhala a ku U.S., mlandu wosonyeza zinthu Wick Wocs v. Hopkins (1886) anakhazikitsa kuti Hardemindermentist ’ zitetezero zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anthu onse mu U.S., osati kokha nzika. Mlanduwo unakhudza wosamukira ku China amene anakanidwa chilolezo cha kuyeretsa m'malamulo a dismorikiti, ndi Khotilo linalamula kuti Chitetezero cha Classiasma (Chitetezero cha Mtengo “ Personsons, ” “ reentiques. &quo; lamulo la mazikolimeneli ikupitirizabe ku malamulo osakhala a progremss &quo; ufulu wapamwamba.

Mlatho Wachinayi Wowonjezera wa Lamulo wa Anthu Osafuna Kusintha

Demendment ya 14 imagwira ntchito monga njira yoyamba imene Ircorporation Doctrine imaperekera chitetezo cha lamulo kwa anthu osakhala a . Chisankho chake cha Claus ndi Kutetezera Claus chimagwira ntchito kwa “ munthu aliyense m'manja mwa United States, ” kukonza malo aakulu otetezera amene amatetezera aliyense amene alipo m’dzikolo, mosasamala kanthu za malo a kusamukira. Khoti Lapamwamba latsimikizira nthaŵi zonse kumasulira kumeneku m'nkhani ngati [FLT: 0]. Doe [FLT: 1] (198,2) , limene linamenya pansi lamulo la kuletsa maphunziro a anthu onse okhala m’dziko, ndi ana. [FLD:] Maws. [FFF]

Kusiyana pakati pa “person ” ndi &lquo; chitizen ” mu Kukonzanso kwa Zaka 14 sikuli kwangozi. Opanga maula a Reconsoletion adasankha dala chinenero chotakata kutsimikizira kuti anthu omwe kale anali akapolo ndi magulu ena opatulidwa angafune kutetezeredwa ndi lamulo. Kusankha kumeneku kwalemba kwapanga maziko alamulo pa amene osakhala a chivomezi a ’ ufulu wopuma. Komabe, Khoti Lapamwamba lavomerezanso kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa kusamukira ndi kukonzanso, kuyambitsa chidani pakati pa malamulo ndi mphamvu za dziko.

Ufulu Wachindunji Woleredwa kwa Osakhala Opatulidwa Kupyolera m’Kusiyana

Kusintha Koyamba kwa Malamulo

Chiphunzitso cha Kusintha kwa Chilamulo cha Kuyamba chawonjezera chitetezo kwa anthu osakhala a boma m’njira zapadera. Ufulu wa kulankhula, kugwiritsa ntchito chipembedzo, ndi ufulu wa kusonkhana zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse mu United States, mosasamala kanthu za malo aunziko. Osakwanira anganene pa nkhani za ndale zadziko, kugwiritsa ntchito chipembedzo chawo, ndi kusonkhanitsa zitsutso zamtendere popanda kuyang'anizana ndi ziletso za boma chifukwa cha kusamukira kwawo. Komabe, pali malire ena. Khoti Lapamwamba lachirikiza ziletso pa kulankhulana kwandale ndi anthu osakhala a m'dziko, makamaka ponena za ndawala ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, zimene Nyumba ya Malamulo ili ndi ulamuliro wa kulamulira pansi pa lamulo la kusamuka ndi mavoti.

M’zochitika, anthu osafuna kubwerera ku boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito ufulu Woyamba wa Opray mosamala chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za zotsatirapo za kusamuka. Kugawana nawo zitsutso zandale kapena kulankhula mosuliza za malamulo a boma kungapangitse chisamaliro kuchokera ku mabungwe osungitsa anthu oloŵa m'dziko. Alien ndi Secrition Acts nthaŵi imasonyeza mmene boma lingagwiritsire ntchito lamulo la anthu oloŵa m’dzikolo kutsendereza kulankhula ndi anthu osakhala a boma, ndi mphamvu zina zofananazo zomwe zidakalipo. Komabe, chitetezo chalamulo chisungiko chimakhalabe choukira boma ndipo makhoti alephera kuletsa zosakhala zachizengo &squo; kulankhula kozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kusamuka.

Kuteteza Koyenera

Kuyenera kwa kuyendetsa zinthu pansi pa Kusintha kwachisanu ndi 14 kwa Malamulo kumagwira ntchito mokwanira kwa osakhala aupandu ndipo ali pakati pa zitetezero zoperekedwa kaŵirikaŵiri m'mabwalo a anthu osamukira kudziko ndi aupandu. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti anthu osafika ku dzikolo ali ndi ufulu wozindikira ndi kumvetsera, ngakhale kuti chitetezo cha m'makhoti oloŵa m'dziko si chachikulu kwambiri kuposa zija za m'makhoti aupandu. [FLT: 0] Zaddas v. Davis (2001], Bwalo linalamula kuti boma silingathe kuletsa anthu osayenda m'dziko amene analamulidwa kuchotsedwa koma kwenikweni osathamangidwa, kuti kumangidwa koteroko kungawonongedwe kopanda kuonetsera kapena kuopsa kwa kuthaŵa kwawo.

Malamulo oyenerera amafikiranso ku maupandu a boma. Mpando wa Sikisi woyenerera kulangiza, wophatikizidwa kupyolera mwa Kusintha kwa Zaka 14, umagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za malo aunziko, kutanthauza kuti osakhala apandu oyang'anizana ndi milandu ali ndi kuyenera kwa loya. Komabe, Padilla v. Kentucky . Chigamulo cha [2010] chinazindikira mpata wovuta: maloya otetezera aupandu ayenera kulangiza oloŵa m'dzikolo za zotulukapo za mlandu wa kulakwa, koma mkhalidwe wa uphungu umenewu umakhala wovuta kutsimikizira. [[FLT:] Padilla [FFF:] kugamula]

M'zochitika za kuchotsedwa, anthu osabadwa ali ndi ufulu wopereka umboni, mboni zowomberana, ndi kuchonderera zigamulo zowopsya. Komabe, ufulu umenewu suli wofanana ndi wa m'mabwalo a milandu. Kuchotsa kumakhala kwachiŵeniŵeni mmalo mwa upandu m’chilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti boma siliyenera kupereka uphungu woikidwa kwa anthu osafuna kugawana. Mpata umenewu umayambukira kwambiri zotsatira, monga ngati osakhala a m’khoti popanda kuimira kwa lamulo uli wothekera kwambiri kuchotsedwa, kaŵirikaŵiri popanda kuzindikira zotulukapo zonse za milandu yawo.

Chitetezo Cholingana cha m’Chilamulo

Chitetezo cha Kutetezera Claus cha 14th Amendment chimaletsa kukana munthu aliyense wokhala m’manja mwake kutetezeredwa mofanana kwa malamulo. Mwa Chikalata cha Kutetezera, chitetezo chimenechi chimafikira ku anthu osakhala a kampani ndipo chimatumikira monga chiŵiya champhamvu choletsa malamulo a boma. Khoti Lapamwamba lagwiritsira ntchito kusanthula kowonjezereka kozikidwa pa kusamuka, tanthauzo la boma ndi maboma a kumaloko sangakhale ndi tsankhu pa osakhala a mtunduwo pokhapokha ngati ali ndi kulungamitsidwa kokakamiza. Mu Griffictives [1] [[FLT:] [FL:] [12] [7] [7]], Bwalo linakantha lamulo la Connecticut losakhala lamulo, ndi lopanda lamulo lolamulira, ndi loletsa lamulo loletsa lamulo, ndi lopanda lamulo, ndi m'malamulo. [FLB]

M’mayiko ambiri mulibe anthu ambiri. Mayiko angafune kuti pakhale unzika waudindo wokhudza ntchito za demokrase kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo a anthu, monga kuvota, ntchito yaujuli, ndi ntchito zina zosungitsa lamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba lathandizanso kusiyanitsa pakati pa nzika ndi anthu osakhala audindo pansi pa chiphunzitso cha mphamvu, chimene chimapereka ulamuliro waukulu wa Congress pa kusamukira ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti boma likhale logwirizana ndi malamulo: boma lingasiyanitse anthu osakhala a boma m’njira zimene maboma ambiri sangakwanitse.

Kutetezeredwa kofanana kwa anthu osakhala ndi ndandanda kwakhala kofunika kwambiri m'maphunziro, mapindu a anthu onse, ndi malamulo. Plyler v. Doe amaimira chitetezero chofanana kwa ana osalembedwa, poona kuti maboma sangakane maphunziro a boma ozikidwa pa malo a anthu oloŵa m'dziko. M'mabwalo opindulitsa, Khoti lachirikiza ziletso za boma pa zinsinsi pa zinsinsi za ziwitso zina pa Unduna ndi Wogwira Ntchito Iprovience Reconvement Active ya 1996, koma mawu akusunga nzeru kuti apereke mapindu awo pa malamulo.

Ufulu wa Apandu

Chikalatachi chimagwira ntchito njira zambiri za upandu zotetezera anthu kuti adzitetezere ku machitidwe osakhala a chigawo. Mtengo Wachinayi wa Amendment ’ chitetezero ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri, zophatikizidwa mu Mapp v. Ohio . , zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse, kutanthauza machitidwe osagwirizana ndi lamulo la boma ndi lamulo la kumaloko. Lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito umboni wopezedwa mopanda lamulo, nlopezeka kwa osakhala a zigawenga za upandu. Chisinthiko chachisanu chigamulo chotsutsana ndi kukana kukana kulakwa. Chigamuwenga cha . Chodzitetezera cholembedwa mu [FLD2:]

Mpando wa Sikisi wotetezera mlandu wa mwamsanga ndi wapoyera, ufulu woyang'anizana ndi mboni, ndi ufulu wa kukakamiza zonse zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu osayang'anizana ndi milandu ya boma. Mlandu wa Eighth Amendment ’ kuteteza ku chilango chankhanza ndi chachilendo, chophatikizidwa mu Robinson . California [1962], imagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse a m'dziko la U.S. Zitetezero zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti anthu osakhala amtundu wa U.

Ufulu Wosunga Zomwe Nzika Zili Nazo

Siziri zitetezero zonse za lamulo zimene zimaperekedwa ku anthu osakhala nzika kupyolera m'Chiphunzitso cha Incoration . Zifulu zina zimasungidwa kwa nzika mwalamulo kapena mwachitsanzo cha khoti Lapamwamba. Kuyenera kwa kuvota kuli chitsanzo chachikulu. Kuyenera kwa 15, 19th, ndi Machigamulo a Ma 20 a Malamulo amapatsira ufulu wosankha kwa nzika, ndipo maboma angafunikire kukhala nzika monga mkhalidwe wa kuvota m'boma, boma, ndi masankhoti a kumaloko. Osati a bomalonetsere mavoti a boma, ndipo maboma ambiri amaletsa kuvota m'boma ndi masankhoti a dzikolo, ngakhale kuti makampani ochepa alola kusankhitsa kopetidwa kwa kagulu kasukulu kapena m'dziko.

Kuyenera kwa kuthamangira ntchito ya boma kuli kolekezera kwa nzika, ndipo Konsichushoni imakhazikitsa ziyeneretso za unzika kaamba ka unduna, Nyumba ya Nyumba ya Oimira . Ufulu wa kutumikira pa majaji umalekezedwanso kwa nzika, pamene utumiki wa khoti ulingaliridwa kukhala ntchito yaikulu ya boma yogwirizanitsidwa ndi ndale zadziko. Second Constempliment ’ ndi kuyenera kusunga ndi kunyamula zida zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu osakhala a m'dziko, koma lamulo la boma limaletsa kulanda mfuti anthu ndi anthu osaloledwa ndi anthu, ndipo makhoti asunga malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri achirikiza ziletso zimenezi monga malamulo a Congresss &quo; akuluakulu ozetsa ntchito.

Kuyenera kwa kulowa ndi kutsala ku United States nkosiyana kwenikweni kwa nzika ndi anthu osakhala a m'dziko. Nzika zili ndi ufulu wobwerera ku U.S. ngakhale pambuyo pa zigamulo za upandu kapena nyengo zotalikirana kunja. Osakhala nzika, kuphatikizapo nzika zachikhalire, angachotsedwe chifukwa cha kuswa lamulo lachindunji la kusamuka, ndipo malamulo a malamulo sawatsimikizira kuloŵa. Khoti Lapamwamba lakhala ndi ufulu wakuti osakhala a magnion ofuna kuloŵa koyamba mu U.S. lili ndi chitetezo chochepa cha malamulo, ngakhale kuti malamulo oyenera kuletsa anthu osakhala a mtundu wa matanzere kumaliro adakali nkhani ya kulowa m'dziko.

Osamuka Osakhala Olembedwa ndi Chiphunzitso cha Kusintha

Osamuka osalembedwa ali ndi kaimidwe kocholoŵana pansi pa Chiphunzitso cha Incorporation. Khoti Lapamwamba nthaŵi zonse lakhala likugamula kuti chitetezo cha lamulo cha Demetrisement ya 14 chimagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse amene alipo mwakuthupi mu United States, mosasamala kanthu za malo a kusamuka. Wang Wing v. United States [1866] [18696]), Khoti linakhulupirira kuti osamukira m’dzikolo sangaperekedwe chilango chaupandu popanda chitetezo cha ufulu wa ufulu wa dzikolo. Posachedwapa, mu United States ndi United States. [FUT:UGUUUU.]

Komabe, osamukira m'dziko osalembedwa amakumana ndi zopinga zothandiza pochita zinthu. Kuopa kutulukira ndi kuchotsa zinthu kumalepheretsa ambiri kukhazikitsa chitetezo chalamulo, makamaka pogwirizana ndi malamulo. Malamulo a boma ndi akomweko amavuta kwambiri ndi malamulo amene amakhazikitsa ziletso zosadziwika pa osakhala a zigaŵenga ’ ufulu. Mwachitsanzo, maboma sangamane oyendetsa komiti ’ laisensi zozikidwa pa malo oloŵera m'dziko, koma ambiri achita zimenezo m’njira zimene zimapulumuka chitokosokoso cha komiti ya boma pansi pa ziphunzitso zoikizidwa ndi malamulo.

Kuzengedwa mlandu kumapereka chitokoso chapadera chifukwa chakuti iwo ali a m'dzikolo mmalo mwa upandu, kutanthauza zitetezero za malamulo zimene zimapezeka m'milandu sizimagwira ntchito mokwanira. Osamuka osalembedwa m'zochitika za kuchotsedwa ali ndi ufulu wofunikira kuwona ndi kumvetsera, koma alibe ufulu walamulo wa kukhazikitsa uphungu. Padilla [1] Chigamulo cha lamulo chimagwira ntchito kokha kwa maloya otetezera aupandu ’ uphungu wonena za zotulukapo za kusamuka, osati ku bwalo lamilandu la kusamukirako. Mpatawu umayambitsa nkhaŵa zazikulu, makamaka kwa alendo osoŵa luso la Chingelezi, kuphunzira, kapena chidziŵitso chalamulo.

Kutsutsana kwa Panthaŵi Ino ndi Miyezo Yosintha

Chisankho cha Incorporation Doctrine ’ kugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu osakhala a m'mabanja kukupitirizabe kuyambitsa mkangano waukulu m'makhoti, makhoti okhazikitsa malamulo, ndi nkhani zapoyera. Zigamulo za Bwalo Lalikulu Laposachedwapa zafutukulidwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi kusakhala ndi ziwiya za Krisimasi . Zifuno zosonyeza kucholoŵana kwa ziphunzitso ndi kuzindikira kwa ndale zadziko kwa nkhani zimenezi. Court’ zigamu za kulolera kwa Homeland Security v. Regents za yunivesite ya California [1] zinachirikiza Deferected Act for Childhoocromes Avements, kuzindikira kuti anthu osagwirizana ndi zikondwerero zimene anakhalapo m'dziko la U.S. Kuyambira paunike, anthu amalemekeza za boma ayenera kulemekeza kwambiri kuti boma liyenera kusamala.

Maboma angapo ndi madera akhazikitsa malamulo olinganizidwira kuchepetsa osakhala a zigaŵenga ’ zoyenera, makamaka ponena za kupeza mapindu, nyumba, ndi ntchito. Malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi zitokoso za lamulo pansi pa Supremacy Claus, imene imapatsa boma ulamuliro waukulu pa kusamuka, ndi Exvilt Protection Claus, imene imaletsa kachitidwe ka boma kopalamula milandu. Makhoti awononga malamulo a boma amene amasokoneza mwachindunji lamulo la boma loletsa kusamuka kwa anthu kapena kupanga malamulo alamulo apadera a anthu osakhala a mtundu wa centens &quo; khalidwe lamwambo la boma.

Malo oyambika a mlanduwo akukhudza ufulu wa anthu osakhala a m'dzikolo m'nkhani ya uchigaŵenga ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti osakhala ankhondo anamangidwa monga adani ali ndi ufulu wa lamulo kuyesa kumangidwa kwawo m’khoti, monga momwe zakhazikitsidwa mu HAmdi v. Rumsfeld [2004] ndi Boumediene v. Bush (2008)]. Zigamuzo zimenezi zikugwirizana kuti Ziphunzitso za Indizo &quo; malamulo ofunika akufutukukira ngakhale ku zosakhala za m'dziko la United States, zinapereka njira zina zalamulo za kutetezera.

Zothandiza kwa Osakhala Ochirikiza ndi Owachirikiza

Kuzindikira Chiphunzitso cha Incorporation kuli kofunika kwa anthu osakhala a m'dziko ndi awo amene amalangiza. Kudziŵa kuti ndi ufulu uti umene umagwira ntchito m'boma ndi malo akumeneko kungachititse kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ufulu ndi kuphonya mwayi walamulo. Osati kuti ali ndi mlandu wa upandu ayenera kudziŵa kuti chitetezo cha malamulo chomwe chilipo kwa nzika zimagwira ntchito pa milandu yawo, kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa uphungu, kuyenera kwa kukhala chete, ndi chitetezo pokana kufunafuna kosayenera. Ayeneranso kuzindikira kuti zigamu zaupandu zimatenga chilango za kusamutsidwa, ndipo ayenera kufunafuna maloya otetezedwa ndi zigamu za milandu yokhudza upandu ndi lamulo la oloŵa m'dziko.

Maboma a boma ndi a kumaloko, Incorporation Doctrine imakhazikitsa ziletso za lamulo pa malamulo osakhala a mtundu. Malamulo aupo aupo ozikidwa pa alendo ali osagwira ntchito ndipo ofunikira kuyang'anizidwa mosamalitsa, tanthauzo lakuti iwo adzakankhidwa nthaŵi zambiri kusiyapo ngati boma lingasonyeze chikondwerero chokakamiza cha boma ndi njira zochepetsedwa. Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti maboma sangalamulire malamulo osakhala a boma pa — iwo angafune kukhala nzika kaamba ka malo ena a boma ndi kukhazikitsa zifuno za malingana ndi mapindu a &mmash; koma ayenera kuchita tero mkati mwa malamulo.

Akuluakulu a boma oloŵa m'dziko akugwiranso ntchito m'zitsenderezo za lamulo, ngakhale kuti chiphunzitso cha mphamvu chimawapatsa ufulu wokulira. Khoti Lapamwamba lapanga bwino lomwe kuti ngakhale Congress ’ ulamuliro wa anthu osamukira ku maiko ambiri sungathe kunyalanyaza zitetezero zazikulu za lamulo. Osakhala ndi mapangano oyang'anizana ndi kuzemba ali ndi ufulu woyenerera kuweruza koyenera, ndipo angatokose kutsekedwa kopanda lamulo, kupanga zosankha zodzifunira, ndi tsankho pogwiritsira ntchito malamulo a kusamuka.

Kuyang’ana Kutsogolo: Tsogolo la Chiphunzitso Chosinthanitsa cha Osakhala Azimembala

Chiphunzitso cha Kusintha sikuli kwachilendo, ndipo kugwira ntchito kwake kwa anthu osakhala a m'khoti Lapamwamba kudzapitirizabe kusinthika pamene Bwalo Lapamwamba likuyankha mafunso atsopano ndi pamene kusintha kwa zandale ndi zachikhalidwe cha anthu. Zotsatirapo zingapo zimasonyeza zochitika zamtsogolo. Choyamba, ukulu wa chitetezo choyenera m'zochitika za kusamuka za anthu oloŵa m'dziko udakalipobe, ndi ochirikiza kulimbikira kutetezera kokulira kwa mapulogalamu kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kuikidwa kaamba ka uphungu wosakhala wa chigawo. Chachiŵiri, ufulu wa anthu osakhala a chigawo m’dziko udzapitirizabe kufalitsa kufalitsa kufalitsa monga makampani oletsa ndi malamulo aŵiri opimira ndi ophatikizapo opita ku alendo.

Chachitatu, kudutsana kwa malamulo aupandu ndi lamulo la anthu oloŵa m'dziko — kaŵirikaŵiri kutchedwa “ crimmigation ” — kumaimira ena a mafunso ovuta kwambiri a lamulo. Osati amtundu wa kusamukira kudziko chifukwa cha khalidwe la upandu, kudzutsa mafunso okhudza kuopsa kwa kaŵiri, njira zofunikira, ndi kuphatikiza zitetezero za maupandu pa nkhani za kusamuka kwa anthu. Khoti Lapamwamba layamba kukambirana nkhani zimenezi, koma ambiri satha kuthetsedwa. Chachinayi, zochitika m'malamulo apadziko lonse ndi miyezo ya anthu zingayambukire kumasulira kwa lamulo lapakhoma, makamaka pamene makhoti akulingalira zoyenera za anthu osakhala a zigawa m'ndende ndi kuchotsamo.

Pomalizira pake, Incorporation Doctrine imasonyeza pangano lalikulu la lamulo: kuti chitetezo cha Bill of Rights chimagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse mu United States, osati kwa nzika za dziko. Kudzipereka kumeneku kuli ndi maziko a mbiri yakale ndipo kukupitiriza kukonza malo alamulo kaamba ka zinthu zosakhala zachikale. Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, onani nkhani za Kusintha kwa Malamulo [FOLT: 0] mu nkhani za [FLD:] Lawrsscriptions kapena kusanthula [FLT:] kuphatikizapo [PUngwe lalamulo] pakati pa mabwalo a malamulo], ndipo kupitiriza kupitiriza kusungidwa kwa zaka zimenezi. Ogwirizana angapeze chitsogozo chowonjezereka mu [FLT:]