Kufunika kwa Kusankha Zosankha Zoyenera

Kutetezeredwa kwa masankho sikuli kokha nkhaŵa yaukatswiri . Popanda kutetezera kwamphamvu, njira zonse zosankhira zimakhala zosavuta kupotoza, kaya mwa kuukira kwa pa Intaneti, kusokoneza thupi, kapena machitachita a kusatsa. Kukhulupirika kwa masankho kumadalira pa njira yotetezera mbali iliyonse, kuchokera ku kulembetsa wovota kufikira ku kukafika pamlingo womalizira. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusungitsa madongosolo ovota, kuyendetsa mapulogalamu otsendedwa motsatira, kuphunzitsa akuluakulu a masankhoti, ndi kutsimikizira kusungidwa kwa malo otsatsira.

Kuwopseza kusungidwa kwa masankho kwakhala kodabwitsa m'zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo. Kuloŵerera kwa maiko akunja, monga ngati kuloŵerera kwa 2016 kwa masankho a ku Russia, kunasonyeza mphamvu ya makompyuta kubza udani ndi kufooketsa chidaliro. M’banja, milandu yachinyengo yokha siichitikachitika kaŵirikaŵiri . Chifukwa chake, akuluakulu a masankho tsopano akulimbana ndi vuto la kuteteza adani apamwamba pamene akusunga kuonekera ndi kupezeka kwa ovota.

  • Kuteteza mapepala olembetsera zinthu zachinsinsi kuti asapezeke mololedwa ndi boma ndiponso kuti ateteze zinthu zolembedwa
  • Kuteteza makina ovotera ndi makina ofufuzira kuti asasinthe zinthu
  • Kuyesa ndi kupima patapita chisankho
  • Kuphunzitsabe anthu amene amagwira ntchito yosankha anthu pa Intaneti kuti azichita zinthu zabwino
  • Kukhazikitsa malamulo ochitira zinthu monga momwe anthu angachitire pa nthaŵi imene pangakhale chitetezo

Malinga ndi Cybersecurity ndi Infrapublication Security Agency (CISA ) , chitetezo cha masankho ndi udindo wogawana pakati pa boma, boma, ndi maboma, komanso amalonda achinsinsi ndi anthu onse. Bungweli lafalitsa malangizo othandizira kuyang'anira ngozi, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito mfundo zambiri zotsimikizira, kupima, ndi chidziŵitso chogwirizana kudzera mu Evolutions Infraturapublic Inviture Invitual Invitution and Anlysicience Center (I-ISAC). Zimenezi zimapanga maziko a mavoti a masankhoti a mavoti.

Mmene Kudalirana Kumakhudzira Munthu

Kudalira zinthu zokongola ndiko kukonza kwa maganizo kopangidwa ndi malingaliro a chilungamo, kulondola, ndi kuonekera. Pamene nzika zikhulupirira kuti voti yawo idzaŵerengedwa kukhala yosaponderezedwa ndi kuti dongosololo silikupotozedwa, iwo ali othekera kukhala ndi phande.

Kufufuza kwa Center ya Justice kumasonyeza kuti chidaliro m'masankho n’chogwirizana kwambiri ndi njira zenizeni zachitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, kunena kuti atenga njira zoŵerengera mapepala oŵerengera zinthu mwakuti aŵerengedwa ndi manja kutsimikizira zotsatira za magetsi . Kuonekera kwa njira yoŵerengera kumathandiza kuti zotsatira zake zitsimikizidwe paokha.

Zimene Anthu Amaganiza Kuti N’zachinyengo

Kudera nkhaŵa za kuonera kampani ya voti kaŵirikaŵiri kumapambanitsa koma n’kwamphamvu. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti pamene njira zachisungiko za masankho zioneka ndi kufalitsidwa bwino, zingachepetse mantha ameneŵa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito kupenda mapepala kwa zidutswa (VVPAT) [1] kumapatsa anthu ndandanda yodalirika kwambiri ya kuteteza kuti akwaniritsidwe bwino. Muja] Kufufuza kwa Volting kwa 2020. U.S. Count, likugwiritsira ntchito pepaloti pepalalose , linapeza mofala kwambiri kudalira pa makompyuta okonza zinthu (DRG).

Komabe, njira zachitetezo zingabwezerenso ngati zichitidwa molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a ovota apadera nthaŵi zina amalungamitsidwa monga kuletsa chinyengo koma angachepetse chidaliro pakati pa osankha amene alibe chizindikiritso chovomerezedwa. Mfungulo iri kuchepetsa chisungiko ndi kupezeka kwa projekitiyo. Njira ziyenera kuonedwa kukhala zotetezera dongosololo, osati kuchotsamo otengamo mbali ovomerezedwa. Mkupiti wa maphunziro apoyera umene umalongosola chifukwa chake njira zina ziri pamalo ake (m’jere, kusaina kutsimikizira, mavota opereka zikalata) ungathandize kukulitsa chidziŵitso ndi chidaliro.

Mkupiti Wochenjeza Anthu

Kuona padera sikumangokhalako . Akuluakulu a chisankho kuzungulira dziko lonse ayambitsa njira zochotsera chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, "Khulupirirani Wopereka Chikalata" ku Georgia kuphatikizapo zilengezo za utumiki wapoyera, malo a makampani a za mayanjano, ndi nyumba zotseguka ku maofesi a voti kumene nzika zimaonera kukonzedwa kwa masankho. Zoyesayesa zoterozo zagwirizanitsidwa ku kudalira kowonjezereka ndi kuchepetsa chikhulupiriro m'nthano zopanda maziko.

A Kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center [[FLT: 1] anapeza kuti osankha amene anakumbukira kuona chidziŵitso chonena za ziyeso za masankho anali mfundo 15 zachiwonetsero chothekera kusonyeza kulondola kwa kuŵerengera. Zimenezi zikugogomezera kufunika kwa njira zolankhulirana. Kampeni zogwira mtima ziyenera kugwiritsira ntchito chilankhulo chosavuta, zonena zofala, ndi kupereka umboni wowonekera bwino wa umphumphu wa dongosolo.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo Zopanga Zipangizo Zotetezera Kusankha

Lupanga la kampani ndi lupanga lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri pa masankho. Limathandiza kuti makampani azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mwamsanga, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kulembetsa, komanso kuyang’anira bwino kwambiri. Komabe limayambitsanso anthu ofufuza zinthu kuti apeze njira zogwirira ntchito pa Intaneti komanso kuti awonongetse makompyuta. Vuto ndilo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono poganizira mavuto ake mwa kukonza bwino, kuyesa, ndi kuyang’anira.

Makina Opanga Makompyuta

Makina ovota a magetsi akhala akutsutsana kwa zaka zambiri. Popanda njira yapepala, imakhala yovuta, ndipo ovota sangatsimikizire zimene asankha. Maboma ambiri achoka ku DRES pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a magetsi a magetsi oonera. Komabe, zipangizo zosindikiza (BMDS) zimakhala zofala, makamaka chifukwa cha kupezeka. BODSD imapanga zolembera za pepala, koma pulogalamu yawo imakhalabe yosavuta kufalitsa tizilombo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwadala.

Mu 2022, boma la Colorado linagwiritsira ntchito lamulo la lamulo [[FLT: 0] mlingo wa mapendedwe a masankho a dziko lonse, kachitidwe kamene kamalingaliridwa tsopano kukhala muyezo wa golidi ndi akatswiri a zachitetezo. Mapikica akupereka chidaliro chakuti zotulukapozo zikufanana ndi maboloti enieni oikidwa. Monga [FLT:] Commission Confect Communist , mapepala otero amakhala ogwira ntchito kwambiri pamene agwirizana ndi pepala ndi pepala lonse ndi kuyang'anira kwapo anthu.

Kulembetsa pa Intaneti

Kulembetsa pepala la voti pa Intaneti (OVR) kwawonjezera kupezeka modabwitsa. Pa 2024, 42 ndi District of Columbia amapereka OVR . Chithandizo chake nchosatsutsika, komanso chikuwonjezera nkhaŵa za chitetezo cha makompyuta ndi kutsimikizira. Maboma atengera njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera, monga ngati kuyang'anira chidziŵitso chopimirana ndi laisensi ya foni kapena kugwiritsira ntchito nambala ya chitetezo cha anthu. Maboma ena amafunanso kusaina kuti asakhale ndi mafaelo opeka.

Mosasamala kanthu za maupandu, mapindu a OVR ali aakulu: ziŵerengero za kulembetsa kokwera, mtengo wapamwamba wa oyendetsa, ndi zolakwa zochepera chifukwa cha kuloŵetsa chidziŵitso cha manja. Kufufuza kwa University of California kunapeza kuti OVR yowonjezereka ndi 5-10% pakati pa osankha ndi midzi ya mitundu. Mfungulo iri kukonzanso malamulo a chisungiko [1] kuphatikizapo kulembedwa motsatira mawu olembedwa bwino, kutsegulira, ndi kupenda koloŵera nthaŵi zonse.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zolowera Zinthu Zamakono

Blockchain wozikidwa pa kuvota walingaliridwa kukhala njira yothetsera kuwona mtima kwa masankho, makamaka kwa osankha a kumaiko akunja ndi ankhondo osakhalapo. Programu za Pilot m'maiko onga Estonia ndi mu U.S. (m., West Virginia mu 2018) zayesa lingalirolo. Komabe, akatswiri akhalabe osamala: zopinga sizithetsa maupandu a kuphophonya kwa ogwiritsira ntchito, pishing, kapena ma shareare pa zipangizo zovota. Kufikira pamene mavutowa akuyambidwa, akatswiri ambiri a za masankhoti amavomereza kugwirizana ndi mapepala monga cholembera chachikulu. Komabe, kupitirizabe kufufuza njira zopendukira kungapereke m'kupita kwa nthaŵi zowonjezereka popanda chitetezo popanda kutulutsa chivoti.

Kusintha kwa Chisungiko

Kodi chitetezo cha masankho chimakhudzanso anthu? Umboni ukusonyeza kuti anthu angapezenso chitetezo champhamvu mwa kudalirana kwambiri, koma ngati akuona kuti ndi cholemetsa (mwachitsanzo, zopinga zocholoŵana, mizera yaitali yolembedwa chifukwa cha zipangizo zakale), ikhoza kugwedezeka.

Kufufuza Zochitika Zowonjezereka

Maboma angapo amapereka zitsanzo zophunzitsa. Colado, imene inagwiritsira ntchito kuvota ndi mapepala, kuŵerengera koikitsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa kampani, adawona zolembedwa mu 2020 (kuposa 80% ya osankha oyenerera). Kufufuza kunasonyeza kuti ofufuzawo anakhulupirira kwambiri kuti mavoti awo adzaŵerengedwa motetezedwa. Mofananamo, Shyton ndi [FLT:] ndi [FLT:] Orig , nthaŵi yaitali yovota-maima, adasintha ndi kusungidwa kwa chisungiko.

Mosiyana, Georgia [1] Georgia adasintha kwambiri. Pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2020, boma linakhazikitsa lamulo la chisankho la ombusi (SB 202) limene linawonjezera zofunika zofunikira za ovota ndi mabokosi operewera, pamene kuli kwakuti kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi njira zofufuzira njira za pa Intaneti. Turnout m'ma 20222 anawonjezekadi poyerekezera ndi 2018, koma chidaliro chinakhalabe m'mizere ya chisankho. Kufufuza kwina kumasonyeza kuti kuwonjezerako kwa chitetezo kunachonderera kwa wovota amene poyamba anakayikira dongosololo, pamene ziletso zowonjezerekazo zinatsutsa kuganizabe. Chiyambukiro cha pepalachi chikukambidwabe.

Zolepheretsa Kukhala ndi Mbali

Malamulo a zachitetezo angapange zopinga mosadziŵa. Mizere yaitali chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zipangizo zoyendera kapena njira zolinganizidwa bwino za cheke ingasokoneze ovota, makamaka aja anthaŵi yochepa. Malamulo a Voter ID, poti cholinga chake n’kuletsa kuphana, kusokoneza ndalama zotsika, okalamba, ndi ovota ochepa amene alibe laisensi ya galimoto kapena madiadi a boma. Kufufuza kwa Mit's Evolution Data ndi Science Lab kunapeza kuti zofunika zazikulu za kujambula zithunzi zochepetsedwa ndi 1-2 peresenti, ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pakati pa omvera ochepa.

Mofananamo, kuchotsa mavoti mpukutu wolembedwa [1] Kulungamitsa monga chitetezo kuchotsa maina osaŵerengeka , kungatulukemo osankhidwa oyenerera kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha zolakwa za mbiri yakale kapena mathekishoni achikale. Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu cha 2018 mu . A. Philip Randolph Institute [1] adachirikiza machitachita a Ohio, koma otsutsa amatsutsa National Voter Religioc Act. Kulinganiza pakati pa chitetezo ndi kutengamo mbali kumafuna kulinganiza kosamalitsa: miyeso yozikidwa, yoimbidwa, ndi kuimbidwa nthaŵi zonse kaamba ka ziyambukiro.

Uyang’aniro Woyera ndi Wodziimira

Imodzi ya njira zothandiza kwambiri kukulitsa chidaliro cha wovota ndiyo mwa kuonekera pa mbali iliyonse ya masankho. Izi zikutanthauza kulola oonerera kuonerera malo oŵerengera, kuchititsa kulinganiza kwa anthu onse ndi kulondola kwa zipangizo, ndi kutulutsa zopimira tsatanetsatane. Mabungwe oyendera apadera, monga ngati mabudipo osankha kapena mabupartisan operekera zikalata, amayendera kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse kumene kungachitike.

Msonkhano wa National Conference of State Legislatures [FLT :1] njira zopimira kuyendera m'maboma. Zikhoterero zili ndi njira zovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kupenda kokhala ndi ngozi, zimene tsopano zikufunika m'mayiko ambiri. Mapilo ameneŵa sangotsimikizira chabe zotsatira komanso amapereka njira yooneka bwino imene ingaonedwe ndi anthu onse ndi a pa nyuzi. Ngati achitidwa bwino, iwo angawonjezeredi chikhulupiriro chawo ngakhale m’mafuko akufupi, monga momwe zikuonekera m'sankhoti 20222 Arizona gaubial.

Ntchito ya Zoulutsira Nkhani ndi Zoona

Kusoweka kwa chidziŵitso chonena za chisungiko cha masankho kungathetse mwamsanga chidaliro. Makampani a nyuzi ndi zowonadi amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kuchotsa zonena zonama. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa masankho 2020, mawu a "kusintha" chifukwa cha ma programu a programu adasonyezedwa kukhala zolakwa, osati chinyengo cha dongosolo. Zoyesayesa za oweruza ndi atolankhani zinathandiza kuletsa kufalikira kwa nkhani zimenezi, koma zambiri zinapitirizabe.

Makampani oulutsa nkhani amene amalongosola njira zachitetezo m’chinenero chomveka bwino angachotse mfundo zabodza zonena za ofotokoza za chisankho" zofalitsidwa asanayambe kuvota zasonyezedwa kuchepetsa chikhulupiriro m'nthano zachiwembu. Kugwirizanitsa pakati pa madipatimenti a masankho ndi manyuzipepala a kumaloko kuli kachitidwe kolonjeza kamene maulamuliro angapo atengera.

Kuyerekezera Kwapadziko Lonse

Kuyang'ana kupyola United States, mademokrase ena amapereka maphunziro oyenera pa kulinganiza chisungiko ndi kutengamo mbali. Canada imagwiritsira ntchito dongosolo la pepala lachisoti chimodzi m’dziko lonselo, lokhala ndi maulamuliro okhwima odziŵikitsa ndi ovota. Kutetezera kwake sikuli kotsutsana kwenikweni chifukwa cha kukhulupirira kwambiri m'mabungwe a boma. [[FLT:] Estonia [ kuchititsa ntchito ya pa Intaneti kuvota (i-vlate-kumapeto) ndi kutsimikizira, koma kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa masamu kwapamwamba kwa masamu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale nkhani yapadera. [FLD:4] Australia] Australia, imene imasintha anthu kuti apeze njira yodzitetezera kuti apezere kuunji.

Kuyerekezera zinthu zimenezi kukusonyeza kuti anthu amaona kuti kudalirana kwa anthu, kukhwima kwa makompyuta, ndiponso chikhalidwe chandale n’kofunika kwambiri.

Malangizo a M’tsogolo a Chisungiko cha Chisankho

Malo a chisungiko cha masankho ngopitirizabe kuchitika. Monga momwe luso la zopangapanga limapitira patsogolo, ndi mmenenso kuyenera kukhalira kutetezera njira ya voti. Ziwopsezo zomabutsa zimaphatikizapo kulira kwamphamvu kwa mawu /video yomabera masankho, kuukira kosonyeza mapepala olembetsera ovomerezeka, ndi ndawala zogwirizana. Mtsogolomu mungaphatikizepo:

  • Malamulo osonyeza kuti anthu apanga zinthu pa Intaneti, kuphatikizapo nyumba zosadalirika ndiponso kuyang’anira zinthu zoopsa
  • Kuyesa ziŵiya zovota nthaŵi zonse pazokha pogwiritsa ntchito malaboleji ovomerezeka
  • Kuwonjezera ndalama zoyendetsera masankho, makamaka a mayiko ochepa amene ali ndi chuma chochepa
  • Kugwirizana pakati pa mabungwe a boma, ofufuza zamaphunziro, ndi ogulitsa zinthu achinsinsi kuti agwirizane pa nkhani ya kuopsezana
  • Kutengera njira yofufuzira zinthu zokhala ndi makompyuta pambuyo pa quantom
  • Kupangidwa kwa ma apulogalamu otetezeka oonera zinthu ndi kudikira nthaŵi, popanda kusunga mfundo iliyonse yovota

Commission ya Chisankho yapereka zitsogozo zaufulu kwa mbadwo wotsatira wa njira zovota, kugogomezera kugwirizanitsa, miyezo yotseguka, ndi njira zotsimikizira. Maphunziro a anthu adzakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri; ovota ayenera kuzindikira osati kokha kuti chisungiko chilipo komanso chifukwa chake chili chothandiza. Potsirizira pake, kusankhidwa sikuli cholinga chachikhalire koma njira yopitiriza ya kusinthira, kugwirizana, ndi kulankhulana.

Kumaliza

Malamulo otetezera opanga mavoti ngofunika kwambiri kulimbikitsa chidaliro ndi kutenga nawo mbali. Akapangidwa bwino ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito moonekeratu, amatsimikizira nzika kuti mavoti awo ndi kuti njira ya democracy ndi yolimba. Komabe, chitetezo sichingabwere pamtengo wa kupezeka. Maulamuliro achipambano kwambiri ndi aja amene amawona chisungiko ndi kugawana monga zolinga zogwirizana, osati zothandizira. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira malonda. Mwakugwiritsira ntchito njira zopimira koma zosagawanika, mapepala oika moyo pachiyeso, kutsimikizira mwamphamvu, ndi kuwonjezera kwa anthu omwe amapangitsa kudalirana ndi kulimbikitsa kuvomerezana kwakukulu. Monga momwe ziwopsezo za demokrase zimakhalira kusinthika, motero chitetezo chathu nthaŵi zonse, chotsogozedwa ndi lamulo lakuti masankhoti a mavoti, kuvomereza kuvomerezedwa ndi kuvomereza kwa malingana ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa olamulidwa ndi olamulidwa.