Chiyambi

Malamulo aupandu ali imodzi ya mizati yaikulu kwambiri ya chitaganya cholinganizidwa, kupereka njira zodziŵira, kuzenga mlandu, ndi kulamula khalidwe limene limawopseza chisungiko cha anthu ndi dongosolo la kakhalidwe ka anthu. Mosiyana ndi lamulo la boma, limene limathetsa kwakukulukulu mikangano ya anthu, malamulo aupandu amene amasamalira milandu imene imaonedwa kukhala yovulaza anthu onse. Milandu imeneyi imakhala yaing'ono monga kuswa malamulo a boma mpaka ku maupandu aakulu. Malamulo aupandu sangofotokoza chabe zimene zimachititsa upandu komanso amakhazikitsa njira zosungira malamulo, kuletsa, kuweruza, ndi kulanga. Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira ofufuza malamulo a zamalamulo kapena maphunziro a za anthu, kuzindikira mmene malamulo ophwanya malamulo otsutsana ndi anthu auchitukukirana. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kochuluka kwa zifunsinsi pa zolinga za anthu, kayendetsedwe ka malamulo, ndi kalamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a milandu.

Cholinga cha Chilamulo cha Chigawenga

Malamulo aupandu amatumikira zifuno zambiri zogwirizana, zonse zozikidwa pa kusunga dongosolo la kakhalidwe ndi kutetezera ubwino wa anthu ndi anthu ndi chitaganya. Zifuno zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimaikidwa m'kuletsa, kubwezeretsa, chilango, ndi kubwezera. Cholinga chilichonse chimasonyeza njira yanthanthi yosiyana ya chiweruzo ndi chilango.

Kulephera Kuchita Zinthu

Deterorence cholinga cha kuletsa anthu kuchita maupandu mwa kupereka zilango zimene zimaposa mapindu othekera a khalidwe losakhala la lamulo. Imagwira ntchito pa milingo iŵiri: [[FLT: 0]] kuletsa mwachindunji munthu wolakwayo, kuwaletsa kuti asachitenso, pamene kuletsa kubwezera. Kulimbana ndi kulephera [[FLT: 3] kumayesa kulepheretsa anthu onse mwa kupanga chitsanzo cha munthu wolakwayo. Kufufuza kwa zoletsa zachita zosemphana ndi malamulo kwatulutsa zotsatirapo, koma chiwopsezo cha chilango chimakhalabe chochititsa chiŵeruzo chachikulu. Kuyang'anira kwambiri pa chiphunzitso chakulephera, onani [FLT:] National Crea Reference Services Services . [FFFF]

Kubwezeretsa moyo

Kusintha anthu olakwa kuti abwerere m'dziko monga nzika zomaletsa lamulo. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo maprogramu a maphunziro, maphunziro a ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa mankhwala, kulangiza kwa maganizo, kapena njira zina. Cholinga ndicho kuthetsa zochititsa zazikulu za khalidwe la upandu, mwakutero kuchepetsa kugamula kwa. Madongosolo ambiri achiweruzo amakono aupandu amagogomezera kubwezeretsedwa, makamaka kwa opalamula opanda chiwawa ndi achichepere, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zake zimasiyana ndi programu ndi munthu aliyense payekha.

Kubwezera

Chiwonjezeko ndicho lingaliro lakuti olakwa ayenera chilango cholingana ndi chivulazo chimene achititsa. Ozikidwa pa lingaliro la "zipululu zolungama," chilango sichili ponena za zotulukapo zamtsogolo koma chisonyezero cha kutsutsa kwa kakhalidwe ndi kubwezeretsa kulinganizika kwa makhalidwe abwino. Cholinga chimenechi chimagwirizana ndi lamulo lakuti chilangocho chiyenera kuyenerera upandu, lingaliro limene liri ndi maziko aakulu a nthanthi ya zamalamulo.

Uhule

Uhule umafuna kuti anthu akhazikike mwa kufuna kuti olakwawo awabwezere ndalama zawo. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo ndalama zolipirira katundu, zowonongedwa za mankhwala, kapena malipiro otayika. Uhule ungalamuliridwe monga mbali ya chigamulo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri umagwiritsiridwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi zilango zina. Malamulo ena awonjezera maprogramu obwezera kuti aphatikizepo kubwezera, mbali ya chilungamo chowongolera.

Zochititsa Upandu

Kuti khalidwe liikidwe m'gulu la upandu, liyenera kukwaniritsa mbali zalamulo. Mabungwe ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti ndi olakwa okha, ntchito zaufulu zimalangidwa. Zigawo ziŵiri zazikulu ndizo ctus reus (mchitidwe wolakwa) ndi mens rea (maganizo a liwongo). Zofunika zina zimaphatikizapo kuvomereza ndi kupha.

Actus Reus

Actus reus akutanthauza kachitidwe kathupi kapena kusachitapo kanthu komwe kuli upandu. Kuyenera kukhala kwaufulu; kuyendayenda kosadzifunira, monga ngati njirinjiri kapena kulephera kuyendetsa zinthu. Nthaŵi zina, kulephera kuchita (kuletsa) kungakhalenso upandu ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo anali ndi thayo lalamulo la kuchitapo kanthu, monga ngati ntchito ya kholo kusamalira mwana kapena wosunga moyo kupulumutsa wosambira.

Mens Rea

Mens rea ndi mkhalidwe wamaganizo wa woimbidwa mlandu panthaŵi ya kachitidweko. Imasonyeza mlingo wa cholinga kapena chidziŵitso. Magulu ofala amaphatikizapo [[FLT: 0] cholinga (ofuna kuchititsa chotulukapo), luntha [[FLT]] luntha [[FLT]] [malingaliro akuti khalidwelo lidzavulaza kapena kudziŵa zinthu, kusoŵa chochita (kunyalanyaza ngozi yaikulu), ndi [FLT] geggne [[FLT] [FL:7] (kuzindikira ngozi imene munthu wololera angazindikire). Anthu amafuna kuphana mwachitsanzo chachikhalidwe, ngakhale kuti munthu angakhoze, ngakhale kuti angafune kuphana.

Kusintha ndi Kupeputsa

Chilungamo chimatanthauza kuti chitokosocho chiyenera kuchitika panthaŵi imodzi. Kulumikiza kugwirizanitsa zochita za woimbidwa mlanduyo ku chivulazo chotulukapo. Pali mitundu iŵiri: chochititsa chenicheni [ (kuyesa kwa") ndi chochititsa chochititsa chochititsa kulakwa (kuopsa kwake kunali chotulukapo choonekeratu cha kachitidweko). Malamulo ameneŵa ali ofunika m’nkhani zambiri pamene zinthu zothandizira kutulukapo. Kaamba ka dongosolo lalamulo latsatanetsatane, limaimira Cornell Information Institute of realctive real resolution of [FFFF:5]

Kupatulidwa kwa Zolakwa

Upandu umaikidwa m’magulu aukali, ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma angagwiritsire ntchito mawu osiyana. Magulu ofala kwambiri ndi malungo, zolakwa, ndi kuswa malamulo.

Mawonekedwe

Zilango zachiwawa ndizo milandu yaikulu kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri zilangizo za kuikidwa m’ndende kwa chaka chimodzi kapena imfa. Zimaphatikizapo maupandu achiwawa monga ngati kupha, kugwirira chigololo, kuba ndi zida, ndi kuba anthu, limodzi ndi milandu yopanda chiwawa monga kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chinyengo, ndi milandu ina ya azungu. Zikhulupiriro zachiphamaso kaŵirikaŵiri zimatayikitsa ufulu wa anthu, monga kuvota, kukhala ndi mfuti, kapena utumiki wa ajuli. Ku United States, mapangano a milandu kaŵirikaŵiri amachokera ku Classs A (kuwopsa kwambiri) ku Khrix E (chiŵalasi la Chiŵa) ndi kugamula kolingana.

Maupandu

Maupandu olakwa sali aakulu kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri amalangidwa ndi malipoti, utumiki wa anthu, kuyesedwa, kapena kuikidwa m’ndende kwa nthaŵi yosakwanira chaka chimodzi. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo kuba kwapang’ono, khalidwe losalongosoka, kuukira kosavuta, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto pansi pa chisonkhezero (chilango choyamba). Kulakwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumafulumira ndipo sikumakhala kwalamulo kuposa kuzenga milandu, ndipo oimbidwa mlandu sangakhale oyenerera kuzengedwa mlandu wa ajuli m’zigawo zina.

Kuphwanya malamulo

Zigawenga zimaphatikizapo matikiti a pamsewu, kutaya zinyalala, ndi kuyendetsa majesitale. Zimenezi sizimaonedwa kukhala maupandu m’madongosolo ambiri a zamalamulo, ndipo sizimayambitsa mbiri ya upandu. Komabe, kuphwanya malamulo kobwerezabwereza kungakulemereze ku mlandu wolakwika.

Ntchito ya Kukakamiza Chilamulo

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo ndiwo apamwamba pa malamulo a zigawenga. Ntchito zawo zimaposa onyumwira kuletsa upandu, kufufuza, ndi kugwirizana kwa chitaganya. Njira zamakono zapolisi kaŵirikaŵiri zimagogomezera kuthetsa mavuto ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu kuchepetsa upandu.

Kufufuza ndi Umboni

Pamene apolisi apereka lipoti, amasonkhanitsa umboni, Mboni, ndi malo osungirako zinthu. Zigawo zimenezi nzofunika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kulimba kwa umboni ndi kuyenera kutsimikizira zotsatira za mlandu. Ofufuza ayenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima kuti asunge umboni ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa lamulo, monga ngati kutetezeredwa kwa Lamulo lachinayi ku kufunafuna kosalingalira ndi kugwidwa ndi njiru.

Kumangidwa ndi Kulandirira Mabuku

Ngati chochititsa chingakhalepo, wapolisi angagwire wonyumwiridwa. Kachitidwe ka kumangidwako kamaphatikizapo kutenga wokayikiridwayo m’ndende, kuŵerenga zoyenera zawo za Miranda, ndi kuzipititsa ku polisi yolemba. Buku limaphatikizapo kujambula chidziŵitso chaumwini, kutenga zidindo za manja ndi zithunzi, ndi kuyang'anira kumbuyo. Wokayikiridwayo angasungidwe pa belo kapena kumasulidwa paokha.

Nzeru Yoweruza

Atamangidwa, mlanduwo wapendedwa ndi woweruza milandu amene asankha ngati angalembe milandu. Oweruza ali ndi ufulu waukulu wopereka milandu, kuchepetsa, kapena kulondola mlandu waukulu wochirikizidwa ndi umboni. Kuweruza kumeneku kumasonkhezeredwa ndi zinthu monga mphamvu ya umboni, ukulu wa upandu, mbiri ya upandu wa woimbidwa mlandu, ndi chikondwerero cha anthu. Kudera nkhaŵa za kusiyana kwa mafuko ndi zachuma m'zosankha za oweruza kwachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha.

Njira Yoweruzira

Chiweruzirochi chimaphatikizapo zigawo zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chokonzedwa kuti chiteteze ufulu wa woimbidwa mlandu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikupitirira bwino.

Kupatsidwa Mlandu

Pa mlanduwo, woimbidwa mlanduyo amaŵerengedwa mwalamulo mlanduwo ndi kupemphedwa kuloŵa m’kuchonderera: liwongo, osati liwongo, kapena kupikisana. Woweruzayo amapanganso maliro a belo, amakhazikitsa mikhalidwe ya kumasulidwa, ndi kuika uphungu ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo sangathe kulipira loya. Chifunsiro chilichonse (loli statere) sichili kuvomereza liwongo koma chimalandira chilango ngati ali ndi liwongo; chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kupeŵa mlandu m’milandu yachiŵembu yokhudzana.

Kuyenda kwa Pasadakhale ndi Makutu

Asanazenge mlandu, mbali zonse ziŵiri zingapange njira zothetsera nkhani za lamulo. Zotsatira zofala za milandu zimaphatikizapo njira zotsekereza umboni (m’chitsanzo, kaamba ka kufufuza kosaloleka), kutsata zinenezo (zopanda chifukwa chothekera kapena kulephera kwalamulo), ndi kusintha malo (kutsimikizira ajuli yopanda tsankho). Woweruza angasunge mlandu kuti asankhe zochita zimenezi, kuumba umboni wopezeka pozenga mlandu.

Kuzengedwa Mlandu

Kuzenga mlandu ndi chochitika chachikulu cha upandu. Ku United States, oimbidwa mlandu ali ndi ufulu wa kuweruza milandu yaikulu. Mlandu umaphatikizapo mawu otsegulira milandu, kupereka umboni ndi kuteteza, kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira mboni, kutsekera ziganizo, ndi malangizo a ajuli. Mtolo wa umboni umakhala ndi mlandu, umene uyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndi wolakwa kupitirira kukaikira koyenera [[, muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri wa umboni m'dongosolo la malamulo. Ngati komitiyo siingathe kufika pa chigamulo chimodzi, mlandu wolakwa ungalengeze, ndipo mlanduwo ungaperekedwenso.

Kupereka Mlandu

Ngati woimbidwa mlandu waimbidwa mlandu, woweruzayo amakhazikitsa chilango. Kuweruza kungachitike mwamsanga pambuyo pa chigamulo kapena pambuyo pa mlandu wina. Oweruza amalingalira zinthu zonga ukulu wa upandu, chiyambi cha woimbidwa mlandu, mawu a wonyozedwa, ndi zitsogozo zotsutsa. Malamulo ena amalola kuchititsa kapena kuchepetsa mikhalidwe imene imakhudza chilangocho. Kupenda mwachidule malangizo a boma, onani United States Sendensumsion Commission .

Kukopa

Oimira mlandu ali ndi ufulu wokapereka chigamulo kapena chilango ku khoti lapamwamba. Mapilo amanena kuti zolakwa za lamulo zinachitika mkati mwa mlanduwo, monga malangizo osayenera a ajuli, umboni wosatsutsika, kapena kusamvera lamulo loperekedwa. Khoti la apolisi lingatsimikizire chigamulo, kusintha, kulamula kuti mlandu watsopano, kapena kusintha chigamulo. Kachitidwe ka apilo kawo kamatsimikizira kuti miyezo yalamulo imagwiritsiridwa ntchito nthaŵi zonse.

Kutetezera m’Chilamulo cha Upandu

Anthu amene amateteza mlanduwo anganene kuti zimene achitazo ndi zoona kapena kuvomereza (kutsutsa mfundo zatsopano zimene zimawachititsa kutsutsa kapena kuchepetsa mlandu).

Zotetezera Zofala

kudzikweza [1] Kulola kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphamvu yoyenerera kudzitetezera ku ngozi yoyandikira. Mphamvu yogwiritsiridwa ntchito iyenera kukhala yolingana ndi chiwopsezo. Maboma ambiri amazindikiranso "iiimirire" lamulo, limene limachotsa ntchito ya kuthaŵa musanagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu m’mikhalidwe ina.

Kutetezera kusakhulupirika akunena kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo alibe mphamvu yamaganizo ya kumvetsetsa mtundu wa zochita zawo kapena kusiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa panthaŵi ya upandu. Muyezo walamulo umasiyana ndi ulamuliro . Ena amagwiritsira ntchito lamulo la M’Naghten, ena mayeso a Model Penal Code. Kuchonderera kwamphamvu kwa mutu kuli kosoŵa ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumatuluka m’kudzipereka ku malo aumoyo mmalo mwa kumangidwa.

Akugwira ntchito pamene munthu achita upandu chifukwa chakuti adawopsezedwa ndi ngozi ya mwamsanga, yowopsa ngati anakana. Chiwopsezo chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndipo chivulazo chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa chivulazo chochititsidwa ndi upandu. Chidani cha Dures sichimatetezera kupha.

Kukopa [[FLT :1] kumachitika pamene lamulo lichititsa munthu kuchita upandu umene sakanachita. Kudzitetezera kumasumika pa khalidwe la boma, osati kuthekera kwa woimbidwa mlandu. Ngati msampha utsimikiziridwa, mlanduwo ungachotsedwe.

Kutenga mfundo [[FLT: 1] kungatsutse amuna ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo moyenerera adakhulupirira mfundo yonama imene inapangitsa khalidwelo kukhala lovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga katundu wa wina pamene anali kukhulupirira mowona mtima kungakhale chitetezero cha kuba. Komabe, kulakwa kwa lamulo sikuli chodzitetezera chotsimikizirika chifukwa chakuti umbuli wa lamulo suli chokhalira chodzikhululukira.

Kulephera Kuchira ndi Albi

Otetezera angangotsutsa kuti sanachite upandu. akupereka umboni wakuti woimbidwa mlandu anali kwina panthaŵi ya mlandu. Albi umboni uyenera kuvumbulidwa mlanduwo usanaikidwe m’madera ambiri kuti upeŵe kudabwa.

Kulangidwa ndi Chilango

Kupereka chilango kwa munthu amene walakwayo kumadalira pa zimene anachita kale, ndiponso malamulo ake.

Mitundu ya Milandu

  • [[FLT: 0] Kuloŵetsamo: Kuikidwa m'ndende kapena m'ndende kaamba ka nyengo yoletsa kapena yothetsa. Maboma ena amagwiritsira ntchito zigamulo zochepera zokakamiza kaamba ka milandu ina, yonga ngati kugulitsa mankhwala ogodomalitsa kapena kuba ndi zida.
  • Project: Nthaŵi ya kutulutsidwa koyang'aniridwa m'mudzi, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mikhalidwe yonga ngati kupima mankhwala, madansi, kapena uphungu. Kunyalanyaza kuyesa kutaya ntchito ndi kutsekedwa.
  • Zilango za thumba zoperekedwa ku boma. Zabwino nzofala kwa olakwa ndi zigaŵenga komanso zingaikidwenso kaamba ka maupandu, kaŵirikaŵiri mogwirizana ndi zilango zina.
  • Utumiki wa chiwombankhanga: Ntchito yaulere kaamba ka ubwino wa anthu, monga ngati kuyeretsa mapaki kapena kuthandiza ku magulu osapanga phindu.
  • Chilango cha imfa: chilango cha imfa ndicho chilango chachikulu koposa, chosungidwa kaamba ka kupha kopambanitsa. Chimakhala chalamulo m'maiko ena koma chimakhala ndi mkangano wa lamulo ndi wa makhalidwe abwino. Malamulo a njira zophera atsutsidwa mobwerezabwereza.

Kulangiza ndi Kusiyanitsa

Maboma ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito zitsogozo zotsutsa kuchirikiza kusasintha ndi kulingana. Komabe, kusiyana kozikidwa pa fuko, mwamuna, ndi mkhalidwe wa kakhalidwe ka anthu kwasonyeza kuti anthu akuda oimbidwa mlandu kaŵirikaŵiri amalandira zigamulo zautali kuposa oimbidwa mlandu azungu. Kukhazikitsa zoyesayesa za kusintha kulinganiza ndi kuchotsa zofunikira kaamba ka milandu yopanda chiwawa.

Nkhani Zapanthaŵi Ino m’Chilamulo cha Upandu

Anthu amakono akuyang’anizana ndi ziwopsezo zimene zimatsutsa malamulo amwambo aupandu.

Kuphwanya malamulo

Kuchuluka kwa makompyuta a pa Intaneti kwachititsa kuti pakhale milandu yatsopano, kuphatikizapo kuba, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pochita zachinyengo, ndiponso kufalitsa zithunzi zolaula za ana. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amadutsa malire a mayiko, kusokoneza ulamuliro ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyendetsedwa bwino. Mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo oyenerera kuti athetse milandu ya pakompyuta, monga bungwe la Computer Price and Abuse Act (CFA) ku United States. Kusadziwika kwa Intaneti kumayambitsanso mavuto a kusonkhanitsa ndi kuweruza.

Upandu wa Oyera

Chinyengo, kugulitsa malonda, ndi kusatsatira malamulo a kampani zingawononge kwambiri anthu ndi chuma. Upandu wa Whitecol umachitidwa pansi pa malamulo onga ngati Sacteries Exchange Act ndi Racketer Ifoundation and Decroopt Organizations Act (RICO). Otsutsa amanena kuti milandu ya azungu ya azungu imalandira zigamulo zololera kwambiri kuposa apandu a m’makwalala, kusonkhezera kuchitiridwa mofanana pansi pa lamulo.

Chilungamo Chachikulu

Komabe, malamulo ena amalola ana kuyesedwa pamene ali akulu pa milandu yaikulu, kudzutsa mafunso okhudza kukula kwa ntchito ndi kuyenerera kwa zilango za achikulire. Khoti Lapamwamba la United States laletsa achinyamata kukhala ndi moyo popanda kupatsidwa chilango, pozindikira kuti achinyamata ali ndi mphamvu yokulirapo ya kusintha.

Chilungamo Chobwezera ndi Kukonzanso

Chiweruzo chobwezera chimagogomezera kukonzanso kuvulaza kochititsidwa ndi upandu kupyolera m'kukambitsirana, kuŵerengera mlandu, ndi kubwezera. Kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo kubwezera kwa anthu ovutika, chitaganya, ndi kubwezeretsa. Ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti kumachepetsa kuchotsa ndi kuwongolera chikhutiro cha mkhole. Maulamuliro ambiri akhazikitsa maprogramu a chilungamo okonzanso milandu ing'onoing'ono ndi monga mbali ya zoyambitsa. Kuwonjezereka, onani National Institute of Justice of the Reformation short Office [FLT1].

Chiyambukiro cha Lamulo la Upandu pa Anthu

Malamulo a zigawenga amasintha kwambiri makhalidwe a anthu ndipo amakhazikitsa malire a khalidwe labwino ndipo amapatsa munthu mlandu akaphwanya malamulowo.

Kuteteza Upandu ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu

Kusungitsa malamulo aupandu kwachipambano kumaletsa upandu mwa kuwonjezera ngozi yolingaliridwa kukhala ya chilango. Komabe, kudalira kwambiri pa njira za chilango kungatsogolere ku kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri, kumene kuli ndi zotulukapo zoipa za kakhalidwe ndi zachuma. Njira zina monga ntchito zapolisi za m'chitaganya, makhoti othetsa mavuto, ndi maprogramu oletsa chiwawa amayesa kuchepetsa upandu popanda kumangidwa mopambanitsa.

Chilungamo M’chitaganya ndi Kusalingana

Dongosolo la chiweruzo laupandu liyenera kutumikira ziwalo zonse za chitaganya mofanana. Kusiyana kwa mbiri ndi kopitirizabe kwa ziŵerengero za andende, ziŵerengero za chigamulo, ndi chilango zathetsa chidaliro m'kusungidwa kwa malamulo ndi makhoti. Zoyesayesa za kuthetsa zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa apolisi, maprogramu opatsira, ndi kuchotsa milandu ina (m’maganizo, kukhala ndi mankhwala ogodomalitsa). Gulu la kukonzanso chilungamo likupitirizabe kusonkhezera malamulo ndi malamulo.

Chilungamo Chobwezera ndi Chosintha

Chiweruzo chobwezera chimapereka njira imene imaika patsogolo kuchiritsa pa chilango. Imavomereza kuvulaza kwa ovutitsidwa, anthu, ndi opalamula, ndi kufunafuna kukonzanso maunansi. Ngakhale kuti si koyenera pa milandu yonse, chilungamo chasonyeza chipambano m’kuchepetsa kugamulanso ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chikhutiro cha anthu. Chilungamo chosintha chimawonjezera, kuwongolera kusiyana kwa malo kumene kumathandizira kuuchigawenga.

Kumaliza

Mmene lamulo laupandu limasamalirira milandu yokhudza anthu limaphatikiza kuphatikiza malamulo, kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi chilango. Kuchokera pa kukhazikitsa mbali za upandu ndi kuyendetsa njira zachiweruzo, chiŵalo chilichonse chimatetezera chitaganya ndi kuchirikiza malamulo achilungamo ndi chilungamo. Pamene chitaganya chikusintha, lamulo laupandu liyenera kutengera mavuto atsopano monga a pa Intaneti, kusalingana kwa dongosolo la zinthu, ndi malingaliro osintha pa chilango. Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, kumvetsetsa mbali zimenezi za maziko ndi zamakono za lamulo laupandu nkofunika kuti amvetsetse dongosolo lalamulo ndi mphamvu za anthu. Chilungamo chauchimo chachikulu sichiyenera kumangosintha chabe ndi kuweruza olakwa, kupereka dongosolo lachilungamo kwa opalamula, ndi kupititsa patsogolo anthu onse, ndi kuchirikiza chitaganya chosungitsa chitaganya.